Study on biological basis of primary dysmenorrhea based in different progressive stages based on untargeted metabolomics / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore its potential biological basis and the endogenous metabolic characteristics of urine during the formation of primary dysmenorrhea via untargeted urine metabolomics. Methods Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into control group and model group. The primary dysmenorrhea model was reproduced by estradiol benzoate combined with oxytocin, and the contrrol group took food and water freely. The differential metabolites and core metabolic pathways were found by multivariable pattern recognition method combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve was drawn by metaboanalyst 5.0 platform to evaluate the clinical diagnostic efficacy of core metabolites. Results A total of 46 metabolites with significant differences, such as hippuric acid, phenylacetaldehyde, prostaglandin G2, 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole glucuronide, were screened, mainly involving phenylalanine metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and arachidonic acid metabolism. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of four core biomarkers was greater than 0.7. Conclusions Different metabolic maps are presented in different progressive stages of primary dysmenorrhea, mainly involving the disorders of fatty acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Meanwhile, the extracted characteristic bi¬omarkers have high diagnostic value for the evaluation of primary dysmenorrhea.

MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery for localized prostate cancer: a preliminary investigation / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) in treating localized prostate cancer.Methods:Six patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent MRgFUS treatment from August 2020 to September 2021 in Beijing Hospital were prospectively enrolled in this study. The patients were all over 18 years old, with an average age of (68±10) years, and had not received any prior treatment for prostate cancer. Pretreatment pelvic MR and CT scans were performed to determine the region of treatment (ROT). Different urinary catheterization measures were given based on the location of the lesion. Under general anesthesia, the lesions were treated by MRgFUS using a specialized rectal ultrasound transducer on the treatment bed. The patients were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment and annually thereafter. During follow-up, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, pelvic MR scans, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) scores, and adverse events were assessed.Results:(1) All six patients underwent MRgFUS treatment for six lesions, with an average duration of (126±56) minutes, an average number of (7.3±3.2) focal ultrasound pulses per lesion, and an average non-perfusion volume of (3.8±1.1) cm 3, which covered the entire treatment target area. No treatment-related adverse events were reported. (2) The PSA levels at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment were (6.6±0.8), (3.6±1.3), (3.4±3.0), (2.5±1.7), and (2.3±1.8) ng/ml, respectively. PSA levels increased in 2 out of 6 patients during follow-up, and pelvic MR scan revealed recurrent lesions, while PSA levels continued to decrease in the remaining 4 patients, and pelvic MR scan were normal. (3) The IPSS scores at baseline, 1, and 3 months after treatment were 13.0 (4.0, 16.0), 10.0 (4.0, 12.0), and 5.0 (3.0, 6.0) points, respectively. For the three sexually active patients, the IIEF-15 scores at baseline were 40, 51, and 14 points, respectively, and IIEF-15 at 1 month after treatment were 9, 8, and 14 points, respectively, and at 3 months after treatment were 9, 66 and 26 points, respectively. (4) One patient was diagnosed with recurrence 10 months after treatment, and another patient was found to have a new lesion 6 months after treatment. Conclusions:MRgFUS might be a safe, non-invasive, and effective treatment for localized prostate cancer, but regular follow-up is vital for detecting tumor recurrence.

Protective effect and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen on delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning via the mitochondrial pathway in mice / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) in mice.Methods:Totally 225 adult male Kunming mice were selected to establish CO poisoning model via intraperitoneal injection carbon monoxide (CO), and were randomly divided into the air control group, CO poisoning group, and HBO group. Each group was further divided into five time points group, that was 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d. The mice in the air control group were injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of air, and the HBO group received HBO treatment at the same time every day. DEACMP mice model was screened by behaviors using the open field test, new object recognition test and nesting test, and the content of myelin basic protein (MBP) were assayed. The mouse brain tissue and mitochondrial were prepared and malonialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometer. MBP content in brain tissue and cytochrome C (CytC) content in the mitochondrial were measured by ELISA. The mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with the air control group, the content of carboxyhemoglobin (COHB) in blood increased significantly and the content of MBP in brain tissue decreased significantly in CO poisoning mice. CO poisoning mice showed motor ability and cognitive dysfunction. Compared with the air control group, the contents of MMP, CytC and ATP were significantly decreased ( P<0.01) in the CO poisoning group; while the MDA content was significantly increased ( P<0.01). Compared with the CO poisoning group, mice behaviors were improved significantly ( P<0.05), the content of MBP, MMP, CytC and ATP were increased ( P<0.05), while the MDA content decreased significantly ( P<0.01) in the HBO group. Conclusions:The abnormal mitochondrial function might be closely related to the occurrence and development of DEACMP, and HBO therapy plays an effective role in preventing and treating the DEACMP mice model via the mitochondrial pathway.

Effect of brain-computer interface training based on motor imagery on hand function for subacute stroke patients / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of brain-computer interface (BCI) training based on motor imagery on hand function in hemiplegic patients with subacute stroke. MethodsFrom June, 2020 to December, 2021, 40 patients with hemiplegia in subacute stroke from Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were divided into control group (n = 20) and experimental group (n = 20) using random number table. Both groups accepted medication and routine comprehensive rehabilitation, while the control group accepted hand rehabilitation robot training, and the experimental group accepted the robot training using motor imagery-based BCI, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), modified Barthel Index, modified Ashworth scale, and measured integrated electromyogram of the superficial finger flexors, finger extensors and short thumb extensors of the affected forearm during maximum isometric voluntary contraction with surface electromyography. ResultsTwo patients in the control group and one in the experimental group dropped off. All the indexes improved in both groups after treatment (t > 2.322, Z > 2.631, P < 0.05), and they were better in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 2.227, Z > 2.078, P < 0.05), except the FMA-UE score of wrist. ConclusionMotor imagery-based BCI training is more effective on hand function and activities of daily living in hemiplegic patients with subacute stroke.

Development and validation of a score predicting mortality for older patients with mitral regurgitation / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

OBJECTIVE@#To develop and validate a user-friendly risk score for older mitral regurgitation (MR) patients, referred to as the Elder-MR score.@*METHODS@#The China Senile Valvular Heart Disease (China-DVD) Cohort Study functioned as the development cohort, while the China Valvular Heart Disease (China-VHD) Study was employed for external validation. We included patients aged 60 years and above receiving medical treatment for moderate or severe MR (2274 patients in the development cohort and 1929 patients in the validation cohort). Candidate predictors were chosen using Cox's proportional hazards model and stepwise selection with Akaike's information criterion.@*RESULTS@#Eight predictors were identified: age ≥ 75 years, body mass index < 20 kg/m2, NYHA class III/IV, secondary MR, anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, albumin < 35 g/L, and left ventricular ejection fraction < 60%. The model displayed satisfactory performance in predicting one-year mortality in both the development cohort (C-statistic = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.69-0.77, Brier score = 0.06) and the validation cohort (C-statistic = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.68-0.78, Brier score = 0.06). The Elder-MR score ranges from 0 to 15 points. At a one-year follow-up, each point increase in the Elder-MR score represents a 1.27-fold risk of death (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.21-1.34, P < 0.001) in the development cohort and a 1.24-fold risk of death (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.17-1.30, P < 0.001) in the validation cohort. Compared to EuroSCORE II, the Elder-MR score demonstrated superior predictive accuracy for one-year mortality in the validation cohort (C-statistic = 0.71 vs. 0.70, net reclassification improvement = 0.320, P < 0.01; integrated discrimination improvement = 0.029, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Elder-MR score may serve as an effective risk stratification tool to assist clinical decision-making in older MR patients.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of children with dopa-responsive dystonia caused by tyrosine hydroxylase gene variations / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) caused by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene variations. Methods: Clinical data of 9 children with DRD caused by TH gene variations diagnosed in the Department of Children Rehabilitation, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to August 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed, including the general conditions, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, gene variations and follow-up data. Results: Of the 9 children with DRD caused by TH gene variations, 3 were males and 6 were females. The age at diagnosis was 12.0 (8.0, 15.0) months. The initial symptoms of the 8 severe patients were motor delay or degression. Clinical symptoms of the severe patients included motor delay (8 cases), truncal hypotonia (8 cases), limb muscle hypotonia (7 cases), hypokinesia (6 cases), decreased facial expression (4 cases), tremor (3 cases), limb dystonia (3 cases), diurnal fluctuation (2 cases), ptosis (2 cases), limb muscle hypertonia (1 case) and drooling (1 case). The initial symptom of the very severe patient was motor delay. Clinical symptoms of the very severe patient included motor delay, truncal hypotonia, oculogyric crises, status dystonicus, hypokinesia, decreased facial expression, and decreased sleep. Eleven TH gene variants were found, including 5 missense variants, 3 splice site variants, 2 nonsense variants, and 1 insertion variant, as well as 2 novel variants (c.941C>A (p.T314K), c.316_317insCGT (p.F106delinsSF)). Nine patients were followed up for 40 (29, 43) months, and no one was lost to follow-up. Seven of the 8 severe patients were treated by levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets and 1 severe patient was treated by levodopa tablets. All the severe patients responded well to levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets or levodopa tablets. Although the weight of the patients increased and the drug dosage was not increased, the curative effect remained stable and there was no obvious adverse reaction. One severe patient developed dyskinesia in the early stage of treatment with levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets and it disappeared after oral administration of benzhexol hydrochloride tablets. Until the last follow-up, motor development of 7 severe patients returned to normal and 1 severe patient still had motor delay due to receiving levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets for only 2 months. The very severe patient was extremely sensitive to levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets and no improvement was observed in this patient. Conclusions: Most of the DRD caused by TH gene variations are severe form. The clinical manifestations are varied and easily misdiagnosed. Patients of the severe patients responded well to levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets or levodopa tablets, and it takes a long time before full effects of treatment become established. Long-term effect is stable without increasing the drug dosage, and no obvious side effect is observed.

A medium-and long-term comparative observation on volumetric changes of cervical disc herniation after symmetrically or asymmetrically decompression and conservative treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To compare the volumetric changes of cervical disc herniation (CDH) after cervical microendoscopic laminoplasty(CMEL),expansive open-door laminoplasty (EOLP) and conservative treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 101 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy(CSM),at the Department of Orthopaedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2012 to April 2021. The patients included 52 males and 49 females with an age of (54.7±11.8) years(range:25 to 86 years). Among them, 35 patients accepted CMEL treatment,33 patients accepted EOLP treatment,while 33 patients accepted conservative treatment. Volume data of CDH were measured by three-dimensional analysis of the initial and follow-up MRI images. The absorption rate and reprotrusion rate of CDH were calculated. The happening of resorption or reprotrusion was defined when the ratio was greater than 5%. The clinical outcomes and quality of life were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and the neck disability index (NDI).Quantitative data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with post LSD-t test (multiple comparison) or Kruskal-Wallis test. Categorical data was analyzed by χ2test. Results: The follow-up time of the CMEL group,EOLP group and the conservative treatment group were (27.6±18.8)months,(21.6±6.9)months and(24.9±16.3)months respectively with no significant difference(P>0.05). Changes of CDH volume in patients:(1) There were 96 CDH of 35 patients in the CMEL group,among which 78 showed absorption. The absorption frequency was 81.3%(78/96) and the absorption rate was ranged 5.9% to 90.9%;9 CDH showed reprotrusion,the reprotrusion frequency was 9.4% (9/96) and the reprotrusion rate was 5.9% to 13.3%;(2) There were 94 CDH of 33 patients in the EOLP group,of which 45 showed absorption. The absorption prevalence was 47.9% (45/94) and the absorption rate was 5.0% to 26.7%;20 CDH showed reprotruded,with the reprotrusion frequency of 21.3% (20/94) and the reprotrusion rate was 5.8% to 28.3%;(3) There were 102 CDH in 33 patients of the conservative group. Among them, 5 showed absorption. The absorption frequency was 4.9% (5/102),and the absorption rate was 7.2% to 14.3%;58 CDH showed reprotruded with the re-protrusion ratio of 56.9% (58/102) and the re-protrusion rate was 5.4% to 174.1%. The absorption ratio and reprotrusion ratio of the CMEL group were statistically different from EOLP group or the conservative group (P<0.01).The absorption ratio and reprotrusion ratio of the EOLP group was different from conservative group (P<0.01). In terms of clinical outcomes, the excellent/good rate of the JOA score and NDI scores in the CMEL group were different from that of conservative group (P<0.01) but not from that of the EOLP group(P>0.05). Conclusions: CMEL is an effective method for the treatment of CSM,making CDH easier to resorption compared to the EOLP or conservative treatment,thus making a better decompression effect on the nerves. This study enlightened on a new strategy for the clinical treatment of CSM.

Study of the urban-impact on microbial communities and their virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genomes in the Nandu River, Haikou / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the changes in bacterial community structure, antibiotic resistance genome, and pathogen virulence genome in river water before and after the river flowing through Haikou City and their transmission and dispersal patterns and to reveal anthropogenic disturbance's effects on microorganisms and resistance genes in the aquatic environment. Methods: The Nandu River was divided into three study areas: the front, middle and rear sections from the upstream before it flowed through Haikou City to the estuary. Three sampling sites were selected in each area, and six copies of the sample were collected in parallel at each site and mixed for 3 L per sample. Microbial community structure, antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements were analyzed through bioinformatic data obtained by metagenomic sequencing and full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Variations in the distribution of bacterial communities between samples and correlation of transmission patterns were analyzed by principal co-ordinates analysis, procrustes analysis, and Mantel test. Results: As the river flowed through Haikou City, microbes' alpha diversity gradually decreased. Among them, Proteobacteria dominates in the bacterial community in the front, middle, and rear sections, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the middle and rear sections was higher than that in the front segment. The diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements were all at low levels in the front section and all increased significantly after flow through Haikou City. At the same time, horizontal transmission mediated by mobile genetic elements played a more significant role in the spread of antibiotic-resistance genes and virulence factors. Conclusions: Urbanization significantly impacts river bacteria and the resistance genes, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements they carry. The Nandu River in Haikou flows through the city, receiving antibiotic-resistant and pathogen-associated bacteria excreted by the population. In contrast, antibiotic-resistant genes and virulence factors are enriched in bacteria, which indicates a threat to environmental health and public health. Comparison of river microbiomes and antibiotic resistance genomes before and after flow through cities is a valuable early warning indicator for monitoring the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Construction of a dual fluorescent reporter system for tracing horizontal transfer of mcr-1-carrying plasmid / 中华预防医学杂志

The green fluorescent reporter gene was inserted into the gene interval of polymyxin resistant mcr-1-carrying plasmid (pSH13G841) by homologous recombination of suicide plasmid. At the same time, E. coli J53 with red fluorescent reporter gene was constructed. Using the ability of spontaneous conjugation of drug resistant plasmid (pSH13G841), pSH13G841-GFP plasmid was transferred into J53 RFP bacteria to construct a double fluorescent labeled donor bacterium. The two light-emitting systems could stably and spontaneously express fluorescence without mutual interference. The dual fluorescence report system constructed can be used for visual tracing horizontal transfer of mcr-1-carrying plasmid, the subsequent model can study the colonization, transfer and prognosis of drug-resistant bacteria/drug-resistant genes mcr-1 by using mouse in vivo imaging technology.

Research Progress and Application Prospect of Facial Micro-Expression Analysis in Forensic Psychiatry / 法医学杂志

Research on facial micro-expression analysis has been going on for decades. Micro-expression can reflect the true emotions of individuals, and it has important application value in assisting auxiliary diagnosis and disease monitoring of mental disorders. In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence and big data technology has made the automatic recognition of micro-expressions possible, which will make micro-expression analysis more convenient and more widely used. This paper reviews the development of facial micro-expression analysis and its application in forensic psychiatry, to look into further application prospects and development direction.

Analysis of the diagnosis and treatment of 68 cases of iatrogenic ureteral stricture / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the common etiology, characteristics and treatment of iatrogenic ureteral stricture. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 226 patients with ureteral stricture repaired during May 2019 and Mar. 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 68 cases of iatrogenic ureteral stricture. According to the etiology, the patients were divided into urinary group and non-urinary group. 【Results】 There were 42 females and 26 males, aged 25 to 67 (average 49.0±10.4) years. Upper ureteral stricture was detected in 24 (35.3%) cases, who received oral mucosal repair of the ureter. Middle ureteral stricture was detected in 12 (17.6%) cases, who underwent ileal ureterography. Lower ureteral stricture was observed in 24 (35.3%) cases, who were treated with vesical wall flap ureteroplasty. Full-length stricture was observed in 8 (11.8%) cases,who were treated with ileal ureterography. There were significant differences in age, gender, stenosis side, stenosis location and length, surgical methods and types between patients in the urinary group and non-urinary group (P<0.05). During the follow-up of 8 to 20 (average 12.3±5.6) months, the symptoms and renal function of all patients improved, and no recurrence occurred. 【Conclusion】 Invasive endourological surgery is the most common cause of iatrogenic ureteral stenosis. Different treatment strategies should be adopted according to patients’ condition, time of diagnosis and location and length of ureteral injury.

Modern research progress in external application of traditional Chinese medicine to acupoints / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has a long history and abundant experience in external therapy, which marks human wisdom. In the early history of human, people found that fumigation, coating, and sticking of some tree branches and herb stems can help alleviate scabies and remove parasites in productive labor, which indicates the emergence of external therapy. Pathogen usually enters the body through the surface, so external therapy can be used to treat the disease. External therapy is among the major characteristic of surgery of TCM. As one of the external therapies in TCM, external application to acupoints smooths the zang-fu organs through meridians and collaterals, thereby harmonizing yin and yang. This therapy emerged in the early society, formed the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, improved in the Song and Ming dynasties, and matured in the Qing dynasty. With the efforts of experts in history, it has had a mature theory. According to modern research, it can avoid the first-pass effect of liver and the gastrointestinal irritation and improve the bioavailability of Chinese medicine. Based on the effect of Chinese medicine and the theory of meridian and collateral, it can stimulate the acupoints, exert regulatory effect on acupoints, and give full play to the efficacy of TCM and the interaction of the two. Thereby, it can regulate qi and blood and balance yin and yang, thus being widely used in the treatment of diseases. In this paper, the use of external application to acupoints, the effect on skin immunity, the regulation of neuro-inflammatory mechanism, the relationship between acupoint application and human circulation network, and the development of its dosage form were summarized through literature review. On this basis, this study is expected to lay a foundation for further research.

Predictive value of the simplified signs scoring system for the severity and prognosis of patients with COVID-19: A multicenter observational study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@# Objective    To explore the predictive value of a simplified signs scoring system for the severity and prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods     Clinical data of 1 605 confirmed patients with COVID-19 from January to May 2020 in 45 hospitals of Sichuan and Hubei Provinces were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a mild group (n=1 150, 508 males, average age of 51.32±16.26 years) and a severe group (n=455, 248 males, average age of 57.63±16.16 years). Results    Age, male proportion, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group (P<0.05). Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were lower than those in the mild group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, respiratory rate, SpO2, and GCS were independent risk factors for severe patients with COVID-19. Based on the above indicators, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the simplified signs scoring system for predicting severe patients was 0.822, which was higher than that of the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score and modified early warning score (MEWS, 0.629 and 0.631, P<0.001). The ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of the simplified signs scoring system for predicting death was 0.796, higher than that of qSOFA score and MEWS score (0.710 and 0.706, P<0.001). Conclusion    Age, respiratory rate, SpO2 and GCS are independent risk factors for severe patients with COVID-19. The simplified signs scoring system based on these four indicators may be used to predict patient's risk of severe illness or early death.

A new elemane-type sesquiterpenoid glycoside from Curcuma phaeocaulis / 药学学报

To study the chemical constituents and their biological activities in the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis, silica gel column chromatography, reverse medium pressure liquid chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography were used for isolation and purification and modern spectroscopic methods were used to determine the structure of the isolated compound. Moreover, the effect of the compound on the proliferation of HUVECs was determined by the MTT assay. A new elemane-type sesquiterpenoid glycoside was isolated from the n-butanol soluble fraction of 95% ethanolic extract of the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis. Its structure was identified as (1Z)-2-hydroxy-curzerenone 2-O-β-D-glucoside. It showed no inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HUVECs.

Brain-computer interface technology for stroke in the past decade: a visualized analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo conduct a visualized analysis of the research related to the use of brain-computer interface technology for stroke rehabilitation in the past ten years, and identify and predict the hot spots and hot trends in order to promote the further development of this field. MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for literature related to brain-computer interface technology for stroke rehabilitation from January, 2011 to October, 2022. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used to analyze the number of publications, countries, institutions, authors, keywords, co-citations, and grant support. Results and ConclusionA total of 592 papers were included, and the annual number of publications in this field of research showed a rapid growth trend, and the research enthusiasm continued to increase. The United States was in the leading position in this field, with the highest number of cooperative publications and the highest intermediary centrality; China had certain advantages in this field, but still needed to strengthen the exchange and cooperation with other countries/regions. Foreign institutions and authors had formed a network of close cooperative relationships, and formed a high-impact team represented by Niels Birbaumer, Cuntai Guan, Kai Keng Ang, etc.; there were poor cooperative relationships among domestic authors and institutions, and there were geographical restrictions and lack of high-impact academic groups. The keywords "motor imagery" and "recovery" formed ten major clusters and 15 prominent words with high variation rates, showing a trend of diversification in research directions. The study of the efficacy of upper limb motor rehabilitation and central mechanisms has been the hot topics in this field and will continue for some time in the future; the use of lower limb brain-computer interface systems for improving foot drop, gait and balance in stroke patients and the application of multimodal brain-computer interfaces will probably become a hot topic in the future. Finally, the use of brain-computer interface-guided neurofeedback training for cognitive and language rehabilitation in stroke also needs attention.

Heterogeneity Analysis of Moderately Severe Acute Pancreatitis Based on the Revised Atlanta Classification / 胃肠病学

Background: Recent studies showed that the clinical outcome of moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) are different among different subgroups. Aims: To further subdivide MSAP, and explore the heterogeneity of MSAP subgroups. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) from January 2016 to December 2020 at Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, including 538 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and 461 patients with MSAP. MSAP patients were divided into four groups according to local complication and transient organ failure (TOF), including single acute peripancreatic fluid collection (APFC) without TOF group (group A), multiple APFC without TOF group (group B), other local complication without TOF group (group C) and TOF group (group D). The baseline data and the severity of AP among the four subgroups were compared. Meanwhile, the severity of disease between group A and MAP patients was also compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of MSAP. Results: Patients in group D were older than those in group A (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in different scoring systems among the four subgroups (P<0.05). The proportions of APACHE Ⅱ≥8, Glasgow≥3 and BISAP≥3 in group D were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.05). There were significant differences in levels of Ca

The inhibitory effect of Ruyizhenbao tablets on osteoarthritis pain / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate whether and how Huy- izhenbao tablets regulated osteoarthritis pain.Methods We transected the meniscotibial ligament of mice, which caused osteoarthritis by destabilizing the medial meniscus ( DMM).Different doses of Huyizhenbao tablets (12.5,25,50 mg • kg-1) were administered intragastrically.Dynamic and static mechanical allo- dynia were measured.The spinal cord slices were pre¬pared to record miniature excitatory postsynaptic cur-rents (niEPSCs) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mlPSCs) by using patch clamp electrophysi¬ological recordings.The phosphorylation of NMDA re¬ceptor ( N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) (rluNl sub- unit at S897 residue ( pS897-GluNl ) was observed by immunohistochemistry.Results Huyizhenbao tablets dose-dependently attenuated the dynamic and static mechanical allodynia induced by DMM, reduced the frequency of niEPSCs and inhibited the pS897-GluNI level.Huyizhenbao tablets had no effects on mlPSCs.Conclusions Huyizhenbao tablets effectively alleviate osteoarthritis pain by blocking the presynaptic release of excitatory transmitter glutamate and inhibiting the phosphorylation of NMDA receptor in spinal cord dorsal horn.

Research on supervision strategy of high risk areas of hospital incorrupt government based on traditional chinese medical theory of preventing diseases / 中华医院管理杂志

In recent years, the frequency of corruption incidents in public hospitals in China has increased, and it is particularly important to strengthen the construction of hospital incorrupt politics. Based on the traditional chinese medical theory of preventing diseases, the author deeply discusse the prevention and control strategies in high-risk areas of public hospitals incorrupt from 3 aspects: prevention before disease onset, prevention of disease from exacerbating and prevention of recovery from relapse. Based on the common problems found in the political inspection of Beijing municipal health system and large-scale hospitals in the latest years, an incorrupt government risks list of high-risk areas in hospital had been sorted out; A tertiary hospital and its 4 entrusted hospitals were selected to conduct self-inspection on the key links of important power activities and authority behaviors in accordance with the incorrupt government risks list, and putting forward targeted supervision strategies for these problems. Since the implementation of supervision strategy for high-risk areas in the tertariy hospital and its 4 entrusted hospitals in May 2021, the number of letters and visits in the 5 aspects of medicine procurement, equipment procurement, consumables and reagents procurement, engineering construction and logistics service procurement were significantly reduced. Based on the traditional chinese medical theory of preventing diseases, the supervision strategy in high-risk areas could effectively improve the pertinence, operability and effectiveness of discipline inspection and supervision in hospital, and provide a reference for the construction of incorrupt government in public hospitals.

Construction of spvD gene deletion mutant and compensation strains in Salmonella enteritidis and its effects on Caco-2 cells / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the effects of spvD gene on invasion and intracellular proliferation of Caco-2 cells and in order to provide insight into the function of that gene and the underlying mechanism of Salmonella caused infection. Methods: Functional verification of spvD gene deletion mutant and compensation strain. The deletion mutant strain was constructed through a suicide plasmid-mediated homologous recombination. The compensation plasmid constructed by cloning the coding sequence of spvD by PCR into plasmid pBAD33 was mobilized into the deletion mutant by conjugation and the pBAD33 was introduced into wild strains and deleted mutant strains as control. The relative expression of spvD mRNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. In order to analyze the virulence of spvD against Caco-2 cells, Caco-2 cells was cocultured with wild type Salmonella enteritidis carrying spvD gene, the deletion mutant strain and compensation strain respectively. The expression level of spvD mRNA and the the number of Salmonella enteritidis after Caco-2 cells intervention were compared between the three groups by LSD-t test, and the invasion rate was compared by χ2 test. Results: The expression level of spvD mRNA in wild type Salmonella enteritidis was set as unit "1", the deletion mutant strain was "0.00", and the compensation strain was "2.60" (LSD-twild, deleted=1.11, P=0.31; LSD-twild, compensation=-1.77, P=0.13; LSD-t deleted, compensation=-2.88, P=0.03), which confirmed the successful construction of the deletion mutant strain and the compensation strain. The invasion experiment results of the above three Salmonella enteritidis strains on Caco-2 cells showed that the invasion rate of wild strain was 0.23%, the invasion rate of deleted mutant strain was 0.16%, and the invasion rate of compensation strain was 0.16%, with no statistical significance (χ2=1.13, P=0.570). By comparing the number of Salmonella enteritidis at different time points after Caco-2 cells intervention, it was discovered that the number of Salmonella enteritidis in wild strains (6.50×106 CFU/ml) and compensation strains (7.25×106 CFU/ml) was significantly increased than that in deletion mutant strain (1.90×106 CFU/ml) after 16 h coculture (LSD-twild, deleted=7.95, P=0.00; LSD-twild, compensation=-1.27, P=0.25; LSD-t deleted, compensation=-9.22, P=0.00). Conclusion: It is not considered that spvD gene can affect the invasion of Salmonella enteritidis on Caco-2 cells, but the gene can promote the reproduction of Salmonella enteritidis in Caco-2 cells.

The Legal Correspondence of Sexual Self-Defense Capability Assessment / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To understand the legal application and case deposition of assessment opinions of sexual self-defense capability, and to explore the necessity of legal correspondence in the sexual defense capability assessment.@*METHODS@#According to the self-made questionnaire, the cases of sexual self-defense capability assessment completed by the Academy of Forensic Science from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018 were statistically analyzed through telephone interviews and referrals.@*RESULTS@#Among the 69 cases, 3 cases (4.3%) had complete sexual self-defense capability, 30 cases (43.5%) had weakened sexual self-defense capability, 32 cases (46.2%) had no sexual self-defense capability, and 4 cases (5.8%) were not suitable for assessment. Among the 30 cases with weakened sexual self-defense ability, 15 cases were filed and investigated by public security authorities for rape and 15 cases were not. The inconsistent rate of disposition was 1∶1. Among the 15 rape cases filed and investigated by the public security authorities, 10 cases were arrested and prosecuted by the procuratorate and sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment by the court, while the other 5 cases were not arrested and prosecuted by the procuratorate, with an inconsistent rate of disposition being 2∶1.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The legal application of the assessment opinion on the weakening of sexual self-defense capability is inconsistent, and the judicial disposition is confusing. It is imperative to unify and correspond the classification of sexual self-defense capability with the legal requirements.