Research progress of circRNA in cancer / 药学学报

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a non-coding closed-loop single-stranded RNA molecule lacking the 5' end cap and the 3' poly (A) tail. Circular RNA is more abundant and stable than linear mRNA, and its expression is more conservative and specific. circRNA regulates cancer development through a variety of mechanisms, including miRNA sponges, regulating gene transcription, regulating RNA-binding proteins, and protein translation. This review summarizes the role of circRNA in cancer and helps to develop new clinical diagnostic techniques and treatments.

n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour: a potent spermicidal agent In Vitro / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Rhynchosia volubilis Lour has been a major drug in a folk prescription for contraception in China, whereas its mechanism remains unknown. Its antifertility effects on male mice and antimicrobial activities on sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens were previously reported. This study was undertaken to develop the n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour (BERVL) as a spermicidal agent with STI prevention. The spermicidal activities of BERVL with different doses were assessed using selected high-motile sperms of normal human semen samples, and their inhibitory effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined. The mechanism of the spermicidal activity was explored by aqueous Eosin Y and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. The results showed spermicidal activities and inhibitory effects of BERVL on Lactobacillus acidophilus were dose-dependent. Dose of 90 mg/mL BERVL terminated all progressive sperm motility within 2 min, and had slight inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus, suggesting it was an effective and safe dose for contraception use. About 80% sperms exposed to BERVL displayed changes consistent with high permeability of head membrane. It is concluded that BERVL as spermicide has advantages over N-9 with strong ability to instantaneously kill human sperm and possesses light inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus.

n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour: A potent spermicidal agent In Vitro / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Rhynchosia volubilis Lour has been a major drug in a folk prescription for contraception in China, whereas its mechanism remains unknown. Its antifertility effects on male mice and antimicrobial activities on sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens were previously reported. This study was undertaken to develop the n-Butanol extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour (BERVL) as a spermicidal agent with STI prevention. The spermicidal activities of BERVL with different doses were assessed using selected high-motile sperms of normal human semen samples, and their inhibitory effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined. The mechanism of the spermicidal activity was explored by aqueous Eosin Y and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. The results showed spermicidal activities and inhibitory effects of BERVL on Lactobacillus acidophilus were dose-dependent. Dose of 90 mg/mL BERVL terminated all progressive sperm motility within 2 min, and had slight inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus, suggesting it was an effective and safe dose for contraception use. About 80% sperms exposed to BERVL displayed changes consistent with high permeability of head membrane. It is concluded that BERVL as spermicide has advantages over N-9 with strong ability to instantaneously kill human sperm and possesses light inhibitory effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Study on hydrolysable tannin constituents of seed of Juglans regia II / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study hydrolysable tannin constituents of the seed of Juglans regia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated by Diaion HP-20, Toyopaerl HW-40 and MCI gel CHP-20P column chromatogramphy and identified by physicochemical identification and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds obtained from the 70% ethanol extract were identified as 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-3-D-glucose (1), rugosin C (2), 1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-O-galloyl-3-D-glugose (3), tellimagrandin II (4), casuarictin (5), 1-degalloylrugosin F (6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compouds were isolated from the seeds of J. regia for the first time.</p>

Effects of electrical stimulation of the parafascicular nucleus on the neuronal activities of the subthalamic nucleus and the ventromedial nucleus in rats / 生理学报

The present study was designed to investigate the function and mechanism of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the parafascicular nucleus (PF) used as a therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease (PD). PD rat model was built by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the substartia nigra pars compacta of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Using the ethological methods, we examined the effect of electrical stimulation of PF on the apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in PD rats. Moreover, Electrophysiological recordings were made in rats to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of PF on the neuronal activities of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the ventromedial nucleus (VM). Our results showed that one week after HFS (130 Hz, 0.4 mA, 5 s) of PF, there was significant improvement in apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in PD rats. HFS of PF caused an inhibition of the majority of neurons (84%) recorded in the STN in PD rats. The majority of cells recorded in the VM of the thalamus responded to the HFS with an increase in their unitary discharge activity (81%). These effects were in a frequency-dependent manner. Only stimulus frequencies above 50 Hz were effective. Furthermore, employing microelectrophoresis, we demonstrated that glutamatergic and GABAergic afferent nerve fibers converged on the same STN neurons. These results show that the HFS of PF induces a reduction of the excitatory glutamatergic output from the PF which in turn results in deactivation of STN neurons. The reduction in tonic inhibitory drive from the basal ganglia induces a disinhibition of activity in the VM, a motor thalamic nucleus. In conclusion, the results suggest that HFS of PF may produce a therapeutic effect in PD rats, which is mediated by the nuclei of PF, STN and VM.

Studies on hydrolysable tannin constituents in seed of Juglans regia(I) / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study hydrolysable tannin constituents of the seeds of Juglans regia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated by Diaion HP-20 and Toyopaerl HW-40 MCI gel CHP-20P column chromatogramphy and identified by physicochemical identification and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The compounds obtained from the 70% acetone extract were identified as gemin D (1), casuariin (2), pedunculagin (3), tellimagrandin I (4), rugosin F (5), heterophylliin D (6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All other compounds which were isolated from the seeds of J. regia for the first time.</p>