ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate epidemiological characteristics of cancers in Zhoushan City in 2018, so as to provide the evidence for the formulation of cancer control strategies.@*Methods@#The cancer data in Zhoushan City in 2018 were captured from Zhejiang Provincial Information Management System for Chronic Disease Surveillance. The gender- and age-specific incidence of cancers was descriptively analyzed. The cancer incidence was standardized to the data of the Sixth National Population Census in China in 2010 ( Chinese standard population ) and Segi's world standard population.@*Results@#The crude incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population ( ASR China ), and age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population ( ASR world ) of cancers were 468.65/105, 300.12/105 and 232.79/105 in Zhoushan City in 2018, and the cumulative cancer incidence rate was 26.91% among residents at ages of 0 to 74 years, while the truncated-age cancer incidence rate was 431.90/105 among residents at ages of 35 to 64 years. The crude incidence rate, ASR China, and ASR world of cancers were 473.00/105, 285.67/105 and 229.03/105 in men, and 464.43/105, 317.66/105 and 241.30/105 in women in Zhoushan City in 2018, respectively. In addition, the mean age of new cases with cancers in 2018 was ( 61.34±13.19 ) years in Zhoushan City in 2018, and the highest crude cancer incidence was seen in residents at ages of 70 to 74 years ( 1 327.50/105 ). The crude cancer incidence rate was higher in new female cases at ages of 25 to 54 years than in new male cases, and the crude cancer incidence rate was higher in new male cases at ages of 60 to 84 years than in new female cases ( P<0.05 ). The 10 most common cancers included lung cancer, female breast cancer, thyroid cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, prostatic cancer, pancreatic cancer and bladder cancer, which accounted for 80.20% of all cancers in Zhoushan City in 2018.@*Conclusions@#High cancer incidence was found in Zhoushan City in 2018, and elderly populations are at high risk of developing cancers. The management of lung cancer, female breast cancer, thyroid cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer should be given a high priority.
ABSTRACT
Objective @#To study the epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） in Zhoushan, so as to provide reference for improving the prevention and control capability of COVID-19.@*Methods @#All the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Zhoushan, diagnosed according to China’s “COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment plan （fifth version） ” and reported from January 19 to February 17, 2020, were extracted from the infectious disease surveillance system. Data of general information, clinical characteristics, laboratory Results, transmission and detection routes were collected and analyzed. @*Results @#By February 17, Ten confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Zhoushan had been reported, including 7 males and 3 females. They were all adults, with an average age of （50.90±15.00） years. Five cases were discharged. The incubation period ranged from 2 to 12 days, with a median of 5 days. The first symptoms were fever （8 cases）, cough （7 cases） and muscle pain （2 cases）. Chest computed tomographic （CT） scans showed ground glass opacities in the lungs of all the cases. Six cases had Wuhan related exposure. SARS-CoV-2 was tested positive in the sputum specimens or throat swabs of all the cases and the faeces of 4 cases. The last suspicious exposure of 5 cases occurred before, and that of another 5 cases occurred after the onset of clinical symptoms in the confirmed maternal cases. Three cases were found in active consultation after clinical symptoms, and another 7 cases were found in the monitoring of close contacts.@*Conclusions @#The 10 confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported in Zhoushan are all adults, and most have Wuhan related exposure. SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the fecal samples, but the existence of fecal-oral transmission needs more research. SARS-CoV-2 has strong infectivity, and may also have infectivity before the onset of symptoms （at the end of incubation period）. Isolation and early detection of close contacts are conducive for early case-finding.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To learn the characteristics of drowning deaths and potential years of life lost（PYLL）among residents in Zhoushan，and to provide basis for formulating drowning prevention and control measures. @*Methods@#The death surveillance data in Zhoushan from 2009 to 2018 were collected from Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System. Demographic features，causes of drowning，life and labor lost due to drowning were analyzed through indicators such as mortality，standardized mortality，early death index，PYLL and working potential years of life lost（WPYLL）. @*Results@#The crude and standardized drowning mortality of Zhoushan residents were 7.97/100 000 and 4.68/100 000. The drowning mortality showed a decreasing trend from 2009 to 2018（P<0.05）. The mortality of drowning in males was 8.03/100 000，which was higher than 1.33/100 000 in females（P<0.05）. Totally 322 deaths from drowning were fishery workers，accounting for 41.44%. The main cause of drowning death in residents aged 0-14 years，15-29 years and 65 years or above was accidental fall，accounting for 36.11%（13 cases），23.91%（11 cases）and 14.40%（47 cases），respectively. The main cause of drowning death in residents aged 30-44 years and 45-64 years was ship accident，accounting for 33.33%（58 cases）and 36.01%（130 cases），respectively. PYLL and WPYLL caused by drowning death were 22 511 and 11 911 person-years，of which residents aged 30 to 64 years were accounted for 73.33% and 70.55%. The early death index was 28.97. @*Conclusion@#Drowning mortality in Zhoushan showed an downward trend from 2009 to 2018. Men and fishery workers are at higher risk of death from drowning. Drowning can lead to serious life loss，especially for population aged 30-64 years.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expression of nutrition information based on consumer cognitive psychology,and improve the applicability of pre-packaged food nutrition labels.Method Taking the "nutrition label" of a biscuit as an example:First,the energy (kilojoules) of the biscuit is converted into "food exchange serving";Then,the energy supply ratio of three major calorigenic nutrients of various foods in the biscuit is calculated according to the "China Food Composition Table",and the energy supply ratio of three major calorigenic nutrient in different food combinations is also calculated.Finally,we determined whether energy supply ratio of the three major calorigenic nutrients of the biscuit is similar to a mix of certain energy ratios of certain types of food.Thus,the new nutritional information expression of'nutrition labels' was determined.The applicability and operability of balanced food practice was compared between the existing and improved nutrition information expression by the'desktop deduction'method.Results The biscuit contains 1 823 k] of energy per 100 g,which is about 5 "food exchange servings".The average energy supply ratio of protein,fat,and carbohydrate of all kinds of food are as follows:The cereals were 15％,5％ and 80％ respectively;the meats were 55％,39％ and 10％ respectively;the vegetables were 27％,9％ and 58％ respectively;and the fruits were 5％,3％ and 91％,respectively.If different types of food are mixed according to their energy ratio,then the energy supply ratio of the three energy producing nutrients is different.The energy ratio of the three energy producing nutrients of the prepackaged food will always be similar to that of the mixture of some kinds of food.The biscuit is similar to 1:4 energy mixed with oil foods and cereals,which translates to about 10 g of oils and 100 g of grains,based on the'food exchange serving'.Hence,if you eat 100 g of these cookies,subtract about 10 g of fat and 100 g of cereal from your three meals per day.Conclusion The nutritional ingredient list of'prepackaged food nutrition label'should increase the expression of 'food exchange'and food category and energy proportion,so as to facilitate the practice of balanced diet by consumers.
ABSTRACT
Severe fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever disease in the rural areas of east-central China,which is caused by SFTSV-a newly discovered bunyavirus.SFTSV is most likely transmitted by tick bites but can also be transmitted within human beings.The onset of SFTS is sudden and with rapid progress,with main clinical manifestations as fever,thrombocytopenia,leucopenia and gastrointestinal and hepatorenal dysfunctions.Some patients may die from multiple organ failure,and the case fatality rate is approximately 10％.In this paper,we use the method of literature review to summarize the recent research progress of SFTS which includes the epidemic distribution characteristics,medium of transmission,host animals,transmission routes and susceptibility in the general population.
ABSTRACT
Severe fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever disease in the rural areas of east-central China,which is caused by SFTSV-a newly discovered bunyavirus.SFTSV is most likely transmitted by tick bites but can also be transmitted within human beings.The onset of SFTS is sudden and with rapid progress,with main clinical manifestations as fever,thrombocytopenia,leucopenia and gastrointestinal and hepatorenal dysfunctions.Some patients may die from multiple organ failure,and the case fatality rate is approximately 10％.In this paper,we use the method of literature review to summarize the recent research progress of SFTS which includes the epidemic distribution characteristics,medium of transmission,host animals,transmission routes and susceptibility in the general population.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever cases,with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Zhoushan,Zhejiang,2011-2013 and to provide evidence for the development of related strategies for prevention and control of the disease.Methods Data was collected from the studies and related demography of the cases with SFTS in Zhoushan,2011-2013.Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the cases with SFTS were analyzed descriptively.Results During 2011-2013,45 SFTS cases were reported in Zhoushan city,with fatality rate as 11.11％ (5/45),including 41 cases (91.11％) reported in Daishan county.Most cases aged 50 or over,residing in hilly regions (93.33％).The epidemic peak was seen from May to July (84.44％).Incidence rates of the disease did not show significant statistical differences between males and females.Most cases were farmers (42.22％) and housewives (31.11％).Most patients complained of fever (97.78％),anorexia (91.11％),fatigue (62.22％),chill (44.44％) and other non-specific clinical manifestations but all appeared progressive thrombocytopenia and leucopenia.Sanitation condition of the patients was generally poor.68.89％ (31/45) of cases had farmed,mowed or involved in other outdoor activities in the previous two weeks,with some of them reported having exposed to tick bites.Three events were reported,epidemiologically.Conclusion SFTS in Zhoushan was a infectious disease with natural foci and caused by SFTSV.Ticks might serve as the main vectors for SFTSV,and might cause direct transmission between humans.Improving the environment for living and carrying out essential protective measures in outdoor activities seemed to be significant in decreasing the incidence rate of the disease.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics,epidemiology of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) infection and genetic sequences of SFTSV.MethodsClinical data of five cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS)from Zhoushan Hospital during May 2011 to July 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.SFTSV gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).The sequences of isolated SFTSV strains were compared with those in GenBank. ResultsThe symptoms of continuous high fever,sore muscles,enlarged superficial lymph nodes,abdominal pain,diarrhea with gastrointestinal hemorrhage were observed.The white blood cells,platelets and CD3+ CD4+ T lymphocytes were progressive decreased in acute phase with the minimum of (0.97-2.00) × 109/L,(12-42) × 109/L and 7.52％-20.39％,respectively.The SFTSV was isolated from the sera of two patients.The sequences were compared with SFTSV sequences in GenBank.The homology of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene was 96％ compared with BX-2010,L-WWG,LN3,JS4,SD4,HN6 and AH12; the glycoprotein gene was 94％ ; N protein gene was 95％ compared with JS4,SD4 and LN4.The homology of the above three genes between two isolates was 99％.ConclusionsOur results suggest that SFTSV is sporadic in Zhejiang Province which is probably from native epidemic focus.SFTS is progressive and severe with acute onset.Multiple organ dysfunction is common in severe eases.