ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in children and its effects on jaw function, so as to prevent occurrence of abnormality of jaw function.@*Methods@#In October 2020, 860 cases of children from 5 kindergartens and 3 primary schools in Beijing were selected by adopting the convenience sampling method. All of them received oral examination, and the questionnaire according to the fourth national oral health epidemiological survey standard, including demographic information, eating habits, oral hygiene habits, oral health care,etc. The epidemiological characteristics of dental caries in children and its effects on jaw function were analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 190 children had dental caries, with a dental caries incidence rate of 22.09%. Dental caries in children s deciduous teeth or permanent teeth was related to age, residence, parents education level,whethe to eat before going to bed, whether eating sweet food, tooth brushing age, daily brushing frequency, whether parents have assisted tooth brushing, whether regular oral examination, whether parents have received oral health guidance( χ 2= 5.04 ,4.70，75.37，7.91，12.03，9.30，7.64，255.47，253.27，11.38, P <0.05). Compared with the noncaries group[(81.52±3.16， 80.54± 1.52，1.92±0.25，31.52±1.62，33.63±3.41，50.72±1.68)°], the sella nasion A point(SNA), sella nasion B point(SNB),A point nasion B point(ANB),frankfot horizontal mandibular plane angle(FH MP),skull nasion mandibular plane angle(SN MP),anteriors relationship palataplane mandibular(Ptm ANS) decreased in the dental caries group[(78.62±2.11，79.35±1.02，1.68±0.32，30.69±0.45，32.15±3.02，48.62±1.21)°](t=78.62,79.35,10.94, 30.69, 32.15, 48.62, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of caries in children was high and jaw structure abnormalities and dysfunction. It is suggested that caries prevention and control work should be carried out early to strengthen the prevention and control of oral disease education work.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of multiple-rod constructs vis-a-vis 2-rod constructs in the treatment of adult spinal deformity. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine whether the multiple-rod construct outperformed the 2-rod construct. We initially retrieved 357 papers, but only 12 were chosen for further meta-analysis. The rod breakage rates in the multiple-rod and the 2-rod groups were 10.66% and 29.87%, respectively. The multiple-rod construct inhibited rod breakage (odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19–0.41; p<0.001), pseudarthrosis (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.18–0.50; p<0.001) and rod fracture at the osteotomy site (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13–0.89; p=0.03). Furthermore, the multiple-rod construct reduces the risk of revision surgery (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20–0.73; p=0.04) as well as the revision risk of pseudarthrosis/rod fracture in the multiple- rod group (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.18–0.52; p<0.001), but increases the risk of caudal screw loosening (OR, 4.99; 95% CI, 1.87–13.30; p=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) parameters (p=0.85), cerebrospinal fluid leakage (p=0.09), wound infection (p =0.71), age at surgery (p=0.62), gender distribution (p=0.93), body mass index (p =0.86), smoking status (p=0.05), hospital stay (p=0.09), osteoporosis (p=0.95), CoCr rod material (p=0.15), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (p=0.58), L5/S1 interbody fusion (p=0.07), high-grade osteotomies (p=0.07), the number of fusion levels (p=0.11), operation time (p=0.30), and blood loss volume (p=0.34). Regarding radiographic parameters, only preoperative sagittal vertical axis was found to be higher (weight means difference [WMD], 25.60; 95% CI, 15.43–35.77; p<0.001) in the multiple-rod group. There was no difference in preoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (WMD, −3.32; 95% CI, −7.38 to 0.73; p=0.11), but the multiple-rod group had a lower ODI at follow-up (WMD, −7.71; 95% CI, −11.62 to −3.86; p<0.001). Multiple-rod constructs could prevent rod breakage and pseudarthrosis while also lowering the revision rate, resulting in a better clinical outcome than the 2-rod construct. Nonetheless, due consideration should be given to PJK and screw loosening in multiple-rod constructs, possibly due to the increased stiffness caused by the multiple-rod structure.
ABSTRACT
Areca catechu ranks the first of China's precious "four southern medicines", with a history of more than 1 800 years of medicinal use and extensive clinical application. The pharmacological effects of A. catechu mainly focus on insect repellent, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis and the effects on digestive system and nervous system. In recent years, safety problems such as oral cancer caused by consumption of A. catechu have been frequently reported, and the main chemical components of both medicinal and edible A. catechu are arecoline, so the clinical safety of medicinal A. catechu has been questioned. Based on the chemical composition, this paper analyzes the pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of A. catechu, discusses the points for attention in clinical application, in order to provide a reference basis for the clinical safe and rational use of A. catechu.
ABSTRACT
Skin itching is a subjective sensation that causes the desire to scratch. It is one of the most common clinical symptoms at department of dermatology, even the only complaint of dermatological patients, which seriously affects the quality life of patients. Therefore, based on the software of traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary platform, association rules and complex system entropy clustering were adopted to collect and analyze Zhang Bing's prescriptions for skin itching, and get the drug use frequency and the relationship between drugs. Based on that, we could conclude the experience for skin itching. A total of 147 prescriptions were collected, 20 drugs with a frequency of 34 or more and 20 high-frequency drug combinations were analyzed, and 14 core combinations and 7 new prescriptions were excavated. The high-frequency drugs included Kochiae Fructus, Dictamni Cortex, Mori Cortex. The high-frequency drug combinations included "Kochiae Fructus-Dictamni Cortex" "Angelicae Dahuricae Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma" "Paeoniae Radix Rubra-Paeoniae Radix Alba", and the core combinations included "Schizonepetae Herba-Saposhnikoviae Radix-Cinnamomi Ramulus" "Arctii Fructus-Cicadae Periostracum-Houttuyniae Herba" "Ghrysanthemi Indici Flos-Kochiae Fructus-Dictamni Cortex", and new formulations include "Schizonepetae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma, Tribuli Fructus, Dictamni Cortex", "Phellodendri Chinensis Coritex, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Ghrysanthemi Indici Flos, Kochiae Fructus, Dictamni Cortex" "Arctii Fructus, Cicadae Periostracum, Houttuyniae Herba, Trichosanthis Fructus". The result of this research shows that Professor Zhang Bing's experience in the treatment of skin itching is mainly to dispelling wind and arresting itching, clearing heat and drying dampness.
Subject(s)
Humans , Data Mining , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Pruritus , Drug Therapy , SoftwareABSTRACT
Xanthii Fructus is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of sinusitis and headache,rich in medicinal materials and is widely used for more than 1 800 years. Modern pharmacological studies have showed that Xanthii Fructus has anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-tumor,anti-bacterial,hypoglycemic,anti-allergic,immunomodulatory and other pharmacological effects,which can be commonly used in the treatment of diseases relating to immune abnormalities,such as rheumatoid arthritis,acute and chronic rhinitis,allergic rhinitis,and skin diseases,with a high medicinal value. Toxicological studies have shown that Xanthii Fructus poisoning can cause substantial damage to organs,such as the liver,kidney,and gastrointestinal tract,especially to liver. Because of the coexisting of its efficacy and toxicity,Xanthii Fructus often leads to a series of safety problems in the clinical application process. This study attempts to summarize its characteristics of adverse reactions,analyze the root cause of the toxicity of Xanthii Fructus from such aspects as processing,dose,course of treatment and eating by mistake,discuss the substance of its efficacy/toxicity from chemical compositions,and put forward exploratory thinking about how to promote its clinical rational application from the aspects such as strict processing,reasonable compatibility,medication information,contraindication,strict control of the dose,and course of treatment,so as to promote the safe and reasonable application of Xanthii Fructus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Fruit/toxicity , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Xanthium/toxicityABSTRACT
“Decoction wrapped” is one of the characteristics of the special decoction of Chinese material medica. However, Some people have a certain misunderstanding or lack of basic knowledge about Chinese material medica for “decoction wrapped”, leading to the bad clinical effect or even side effects because of improper decoction. This study attempts to analyze the causes and attentions of Chinese materia medica for decocting based on multiple literatures, and put forward exploratory thinking on Methods: for decoction wrapped in order to provide scientific evidence for promoting clinical rational decoction for Chinese materia medica.
ABSTRACT
"Guiding herbs" is one of the characteristics of the special way of taking Chinese materia medica (CMM). However, some people have misunderstanding or lack of basic knowledge about how to choose the guiding herbs and its effect, leading to the poor clinical effect or even toxic effects because of improper decoction. This study attempts to analyze the action of the common guiding herbs in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) from the perspective of reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy, returning drug to its channels, and put forward exploratory thinking on how to choose the guiding herbs to provide scientific evidence for promoting the rational use of drugs in clinic.
ABSTRACT
"Decoction first" is one of the characteristics of the special decoction of Chinese materia medica (CMM). However, some people have misunderstanding or lack of basic knowledge about the CMM for decoction first leading to the poor cruative effect or even toxic effects because of improper decoction. This study attempts to analyze the causes of CMM for decocting first from the perspective of reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy, discuss its matters needing attention from the point of view of the effect of decoction time and crushing degree on the decoction first based on ancient and modern literature, and put forward exploratory thinking on methods for decocting first in order to provide scientific evidence for promoting clinical rational decoction for CMM.
ABSTRACT
“Decoction later” is one characteristic feature of the special decoction of Chinese materia medica (CMM). However, some patients have misunderstanding or lack of basic knowledge about CMM for “decoction later” leading to the bad clinical effect or even toxic effects because of inappropriate decoction. This study attempts to analyze the causes of CMM for decoction later based on ancient and modern literatures, and put forward exploratory thinking on methods for decoction later in order to provide scientific evidence for promoting clinical rational drug use for decoction later of CMM.
ABSTRACT
Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma is known as the important drug for treating sore throat and is widely used in clinic. Because of the coexisting of its efficacy and poison, Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma often leads to a series of safety problems in the clinical application process. In this study, we attempt to analyze the ultimate cause of the toxicity of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma by reviewing nearly 20 years of literature, discuss the substance of its efficacy/toxicity from the point of view of chemical composition, and put forward exploratory thinking on its clinical rational application.
ABSTRACT
Asari Radix et Rhizoma has been used for more than 2000 years with wide application in medicine. In recent years, there are many poisoning cases of Asari Radix et Rhizoma being reported in clinic, the rational application in clinic of Asarum Radix et Rhizoma has been widely concerned due to its poisonous componets of safrole and aristolochic acid. The present paper traces the historical evolution of Asari Radix et Rhizoma through accessing Web of Science and multiple databases for biomedicinal sciences, and analyzes the characteristics of its toxic reaction, and discusses the matters needing attention in its rational application from the perspective of chemical composition, so as to promote the safe and reasonable application of Asari Radix et Rhizoma.
ABSTRACT
Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, widely distributed in northwest districts of China, is rich in resources, and is a kind of medicinal plants with great utilization value. From the phytochemical view, the second metabolites such as secoiridoids, iridoids, lignans, flavonoids, and triterpenoids had been reported from this species. Its pharmacological research mainly focused on the anti- inflammatory and analgesic, hepatoprotective, hypotensive, antiviral, and antineoplastic activities. The present paper reviews the phytochemistry and biological activities of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix through accessing Web of Science and multiple databases for biomedical sciences.
ABSTRACT
Sixty SD male rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, benzbromarone group(20 mg•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹), chicory extract high dose, middle dose and low dose groups (5, 7.5, 10 g•kg⁻¹•d⁻¹). The rats in normal group were given with water, and the rats in other groups were given with 10% fructose solution to establish hyperuricemia models. All the rats were sacrificed on the 42th day. Then their serum uric acid(SUA), serum creatinine(CRE), urea nitrogen(BUN) and urinary uric acid(UUA) levels were detected to calculate the clearance rate of uric acid in kidney(CUA). Meanwhile, the protein and gene expression levels of renal glucose transporter family member 9(Glut9) were detected by immunohistochemical and Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) methods. The effects of Chinese herb chicory extract on expression of renal Glut9 and decreasing uric acid were explored in this study, and the results showed that chicory extract could reduce SUA level in rats with hyperuricemia, increase renal CUA, decrease the protein expression of renal Glut9, inhibit uric acid re-absorption in kidney, and thus promote renal uric acid excretion.
ABSTRACT
Fraxini Cortex is widely distributed in China and rich in resources, and is a kind of medicinal plants with great utilization value. From the phytochemical view, the secondary metabolites such as coumarins, lignans, secoiridoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids had been reported from this species. Its pharmacological research mainly focused on the antibacterial, antiphlogistic, anti-oxidative, lowing-uric acid, diuretic, and antineoplastic activities. The present paper reviews the phytochemistry and biological activities of Fraxini Cortex through accessing Web of Science and multiple databases for biomedicinal sciences.
ABSTRACT
Objective To conduct the preliminary toxicology tests and evaluate the preservation effect on a new specimen preservation solution in order to provide scientific basis for its application security. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly di-vided into the normal saline group, the formalin preservation group,the mixture group,and the new preservation solution group. Recorded the irritation of different solution on the skin,eye of rabbits,the effect of liver sample preservation in different solution,and the evaporation rate of these solution. And to find a set of preservative solution which is more suitable for preservation of specimens and can reduce the cost. Results The new preservation solution is stimulus on rabbit skin and eye,and it is stronger than the formaldehyde group. Compared with the other three groups,the mixture group has the best preservation effect, and the new preservation solution group has a better preservation effect than the formalin preservation solution group. Conclusion The 1∶1 mixture solution of the new preservation solution and formaldehyde is more suitable preservation solution and it can reduce the costs.
ABSTRACT
Human xanthine oxidase is considered to be a target for therapy of hyperuricemia. Cichorium intybus is a Chinese plant medicine which widely used in Xinjiang against various diseases. In order to screen the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from C. intybus and to explore main pharmacological actions of cichory a compound collection of C. intybus was built via consulting related references about chemical research on cichory. The three-dimensional crystal structure of xanthine oxidase (PDB code: 1N5X) from Protein Data Bank was downloaded.. Autodock 4.2 was employed to screen the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from cichory 70 compounds were found to possess quite low binding free energy comparing with TEI (febuxostat). C. intybus contains constituents possessing potential inhibitive activity against xanthine oxidase. It can explain the main pharmacological actions of cichory which can significantly lower the level of serum uric acid.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cichorium intybus , Chemistry , Databases, Protein , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors , Chemistry , Molecular Docking Simulation , Molecular Structure , Xanthine Oxidase , MetabolismABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to study the damage effects of chronic hypoxia on medulla oblongata and to explore whether the damage is associated with oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and chronic hypoxia group. Medulla oblongata was obtained for the following methods of analyses. Nissl's staining was used to examine the Niss bodies of neurons in medullary respiratory related nuclei, biochemistry methods were utilized to examine oxidant stress damage induced by chronic hypoxia on medulla oblongata through measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and RT-PCR technique was used to study the influence of apoptosis induced by chronic hypoxia on medulla oblongata through analyzing the levels of Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA. The results showed the optical densities of Nissl's staining in pre-BötC, NA, NTS, FN, and 12N were significantly decreased in chronic hypoxia group in comparison with that in control group (P < 0.05). In chronic hypoxia group, MDA level was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas SOD level had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Bax mRNA expression had no obvious change and Bcl-2 mRNA expression significantly decreased in chronic hypoxia group in comparison with that in control group (P < 0.05). The results suggest that chronic hypoxia could bring about serious damage to medullary respiratory centers through aggravating oxidative stress and increasing cell apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Apoptosis , Chronic Disease , Hypoxia , Medulla Oblongata , Metabolism , Pathology , Oxidative Stress , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Respiratory Center , Metabolism , Pathology , Superoxide Dismutase , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the possible mutation at possible sites in different mitochondrial genes that leads to hearing loss in a large Chinese pedigree.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples from a Hunan pedigree were obtained with informed consent. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes using kit. The target fragments were amplified and detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequencing respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The result of direct sequencing revealed the A1555G mutation in 12S rRNA gene was inherited in this pedigree and no one has A7445G mutation or other mutations in its neighborhood region.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sequence analysis confirmed that the pedigree carries the A1555G mutation. With some members ever exposure of aminoglycoside antibiotics, mutation of A1555G may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hearing loss in the large pedigree.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Base Sequence , China , DNA Mutational Analysis , DNA, Mitochondrial , Chemistry , Genetics , Family Health , Hearing Loss , Genetics , Marriage , Pedigree , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Ribosomal , Genetics , RNA, Transfer, Ser , GeneticsABSTRACT
The cell survival rate and the chromosomal aberration induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitriosoguanidine (MNNG), mitomycin C (MMC) and ethyl methanesuiphonate (EMS) in V79 cells and its ?-ray-sensitive mutants (irs5 and mil) were observed in this study. The concentrations of mutagens to determine the survival rate were arranged at 2.5~ 30 ?mol/L in MNNG, 1~20?mol/L in MMC and 2~ 16 ?mol/L in EMS, respectively. The cell survival rates and the cell clones of irs5 were higher than that of the V79 cells and irs11; and of irs11 were significantly lower than that of V79 cells and irs5. The result of IC50 of mutagens to determine the chromosomal aberration was similar to the cell survival rate. The type and frequency of chromosomal aberration induced by MNNG, MMC and EMS in irs5 was same as in V79 cell; and there was a dose-response relationship between them. The spontaneous aberration frequencies in irsS and V79 cells were lower than 4%, however, in irs11 was higher than 10%. Data suggests that the cellular biological characterization in irs5 is steady, and further study to certain irsS whether it will be a new mutant for the mutagenicity or carcinogenicity assay or not.