Acute Developmental Toxicity of Panax notoginseng in Zebrafish Larvae / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate toxicity of raw extract of Panax notoginseng (rPN) and decocted extract of PN (dPN) by a toxicological assay using zebrafish larvae, and explore the mechanism by RNA sequencing assay.@*METHODS@#Zebrafish larvae was used to evaluate acute toxicity of PN in two forms: rPN and dPN. Three doses (0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 µ g/mL) of dPN were used to treat zebrafishes for evaluating the developmental toxicity. Behavior abnormalities, body weight, body length and number of vertebral roots were used as specific phenotypic endpoints. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) assay was applied to clarify the mechanism of acute toxicity, followed by real time PCR (qPCR) for verification. High performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed to determine the chemoprofile of this herb.@*RESULTS@#The acute toxicity result showed that rPN exerted higher acute toxicity than dPN in inducing death of larval zebrafishes (P<0.01). After daily oral intake for 21 days, dPN at doses of 0.5, 1.5 and 5.0 µ g/mL decreased the body weight, body length, and vertebral number of larval zebrafishes, indicating developmental toxicity of dPN. No other adverse outcome was observed during the experimental period. RNA-seq data revealed 38 genes differentially expressed in dPN-treated zebrafishes, of which carboxypeptidase A1 (cpa1) and opioid growth factor receptor-like 2 (ogfrl2) were identified as functional genes in regulating body development of zebrafishes. qPCR data showed that dPN significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of cpa1 and ogfrl2 (both P<0.01), verifying cpa1 and ogfrl2 as target genes for dPN.@*CONCLUSION@#This report uncovers the developmental toxicity of dPN, suggesting potential risk of its clinical application in children.

A study on the determination of chloropropanols esters in fried foods by solid-phase extracting method and GC-MS / 预防医学

Objective To establish an isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)for the determination of chloropropanol esters in fried foods.Methods A total of 88 fried food samples were collected from supermarket,breakfast shop and street breakfast,stalls,the fried food sample with no chloropropanols esters detected was used as the blank sample. Samples were extracted using a solvent extraction method,followed by ester-bond cleavage reaction with sodium methylate-methanol and purification by diatomite solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction column. The derivatives in purified solution was detected by GC-MS after being derivatived with heptafluoro butyrylimidazole. The concentration of chloropropanols esters was quantified by using deuterium isotopes as internal standards. The accuracy of the method for evaluating recovery rate of blank samples was adopted,and the relative standard deviation(RSD)of the recovery rate represents the precision of the method.Results The 3-MCPD ester and 2-MCPD ester had good linear relationship in the concentration range of 25-1000 g/L(r>0.9995). The detection limits of 3-MCPD ester and 2-MCPD ester were 20μg/kg. The recovery rate of fat extracts from blank samples at 25,50,100,and 200μg/kg levels ranged from 89.7% to 103.7%,and RSD<8.4%. The detection rates of 3-MCPD ester and 2-MCPD ester in 88 samples were 81.82% and 70.45% respectively,and the content ranges from not-detected(ND) to 1.65mg/kg and to 0.93 mg/kg respectively.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and reliable. It is suitable for the determination of chloropropanol esters in fried foods. There is a certain degree of contamination of chloropropanol esters in fried foods,and this comtamination is quite common.