ABSTRACT
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a polypeptide molecule synthesized and secreted by parathyroid principal cells. It is an important hormone to maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. It has the dual function of promoting bone formation and bone resorption. In clinic, it promotes osteogenesis by intermittent low-dose subcutaneous injection. In order to avoid the problems of subcutaneous injection, such as poor patient compliance, low utilization of target organs and pain at the injection site, the local application of PTH has attracted much attention in recent years. However, how to realize the local application of PTH and the effect of the local application need to be confirmed by more experiments. This article reviews the local application of PTH and the promotion of jaw regeneration in recent years, in order to provide reference for the local application and research of PTH.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the haemostatic efficacy and safety of prophylactic oral administration of Yunan Baiyao capsules on reduction of blood loss in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-seven patients scheduled for Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) were enrolled in the prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Forty-three patients took prophylactic oral administration of Yunnan Baiyao capsules 3 days before operation, and 44 patients without Yunnan Baiyao administration served as control. The intraoperative blood loss during Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy was estimated and the safety of Yunnan Baiyao capsules was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total blood loss in the Yunnan Baiyao group (330.5 +/- 134.4) ml was significantly lower than that of the control group (420.3 +/- 175.9) ml. The blood loss of Le Fort I osteotomy in the Yunnan Baiyao group (154.9 +/- 84.3) ml was also significantly lower than that of the control group (203.8 +/- 98.1) ml. The mean blood loss of BSSRO in the Yunnan Baiyao group was also lower than that of the control group, but the differences was not significant. The post-operative fibrinolysis was in the same level in both groups. Thromboemblic events or other side effects were not observed in this clinical trial.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Prophylactic oral administration of Yunnan Baiyao capsules can effectively reduce the intra-operative blood loss in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Yunnan Baiyao capsule are an effective and safe haemostatic traditional Chinese medicine.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Blood Loss, Surgical , Double-Blind Method , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Orthognathic Surgery , Methods , Phytotherapy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) and Schwann cells on axon regeneration of the inferior alveolar nerve following mandibular lengthening with distraction osteogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Unilateral mandibular osteodistraction was performed in 9 healthy adult male goats with a distraction rate of 1 mm/d. Every 3 goats were killed on days 7, 14 and 28 after mandibular lengthening, respectively. The inferior alveolar nerves in the distraction callus were harvested and processed for ultrastructural and NGF immunohistochemical study. The inferior alveolar nerves from the contralateral side were used as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On day 7 after distraction, axon degeneration and Schwann cell proliferation were observed, and very strong staining of NGF in the distracted nerve was detected. On day 14 after distraction, axon regeneration and remyelination were easily observed, and NGF expression started to decline. On day 28 after distraction, the gray scale of NGF immunoreactivity recovered to the normal value and the Schwann cells almost recovered to their normal state.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gradual mandibular osteodistraction can result in mild or moderate axon degeneration of the inferior alveolar nerve. Nerve trauma may stimulate the proliferation of Schwann cells and promote the synthesis and secretion of NGF in the Schwann cells. Schwann cells and NGF might play important roles in axon regeneration of the injured inferior alveolar nerve following mandibular lengthening.</p>