ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:To reducing bone damage in patients with chronic arthritis, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment has aroused wide concern. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the action of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis and progress in anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha drugs. METHODS:A computer-based search of NCBI, OVID, EBSCO was performed to col ect articles published from December 1st, 2005 to July 31st, 2013 with the keywords of“infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, chronic arthritis”in English. There were 162 articles after initial retrieval, and final y 40 articles were included and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Studies have shown that a number of factors are involved in the activation of osteoclasts, and tumor necrosis factor alpha is only a member resulting in osteoclastogenesis. In addition, there are some media behind tumor necrosis factor alpha and RANK-RANKL system, which may independently induce osteoclastogenesis. Because of this, a separate anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy applied to chronic arthritis cannot achieve the desired therapeutic effects.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo understand the effect of student standardized patient-case teaching in orthopedic surgery.Methods A total of 120 clinical medicine students were selected,and they were randomly assigned to be research group ( n=60 ) and control group ( n=60 ),as students standardized patient,10 clinical medicine students and postgraduate students of orthopedic surgery were selected,and standardized patient-case teaching was applied to the students in research group while traditional case teaching was applied to students in control group.After teaching,the teaching effect and survey the feedback information about teaching form students were evaluated.ResultsTotal mark of effect evaluation of 2 groups is 83.50 + 6.55 and 71.11 ± 6.57,and both operational score and knowledge study achievements of research group were better than control group (P＜0.01),over 80％ research group students effect evaluation being positive.ConclusionStudent standardized patient-case teaching is helpful to improving students' study in orthopedic surgery and the teaching effect is remarkable.