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The development of diagnostic techniques played an important role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.The traditional diagnostic techniques , such as gram stain , microscopy , culture, antigen/antibody detection and polymerase chain reaction , were widely used in the clinical diagnosis.But they couldn′t meet the demands of clinic and infectious diseases surveillance.Therefore, the point of care testing and multiplex testing based on advanced diagnostic platforms were developing rapidly , which might have the potential to change infectious diseases diagnostics.
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Objective To investigate the application value of serum pancreatic isled autoantibodies and biochemical indicators in classification diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM ) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) .Methods The clinical data and laboratory detection results in 99 cases of T1DM and 577 cases of T2DM were retrospectively analyzed .The levels of pancreatic isled autoantibodies and biochemical indicators were compared between the two groups and their characteristics were analyzed .Re‐sults The positive rates of single detection and combine detection of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) ,insulino‐ma‐associated antigen‐2 autoantibodies (IA‐2A ) ,islet cell autoantibodies (ICA ) and ZnT8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A ) in the T1DM group were higher than those in the T2DM group ,the differences were statistically significant (P0 .05) .Moreover ,the fasting and postprandial 2 h CP levels in the T1DM group showed decreasing trend as the T1DM course extending ,and the difference had statistical difference among different disease courses ;but the fasting and postprandial 2 h CP levels in the T2DM group had no obvious decreasing trend .The areas under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of fasting and postprandial 2 h CP for differential diagnosis of T1DM and T2DM in the patients with the disease course < 2 year were 0 .902(95% CI:0 .850-0 .954) and 0 .905(95% CI:0 .852-0 .958) respective‐ly .The suitable threshold value of fasting CP was 0 .283 nmol/L ,its sensitivity and specificity were 82 .6% and 89 .2% ,respective‐ly ,which of postprandial 2 h CP was 0 .421 nmol/L ,its sensitivity and specificity were 84 .8% and 89 .2% respectively . Conclusion T1DM and T2DM are different in onset age ,BMI value ,serum GADA ,IA‐2A ,ICA ,ZnT8A ,insulin ,CP ,glucose , HbA1c ,TG and HDL‐C levels ,which may assist clinic in their classification diagnosis .
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Objective To explore the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI)and compliance to bundled interven-tion measures,and evaluate the effect of bundled interventions on controlling SSI.Methods From October 2013 to September 2014,three types of surgeries (colorectal surgery,abdominal hysterectomy,and femoral neck repair sur-gery)in 29 hospitals in China were monitored,October 2013 to March 2014 was baseline investigated stage,April 2014 to September 2014 was intervention stage.Results A total of 6 166 episodes of surgeries were monitored,the incidence of SSI was 1 .64%,incidence of SSI following colorectal surgery,abdominal hysterectomy,and femoral neck repair surgery were 4.47%,1 .03%,and 0.21 % respectively.The P 75 time of three types of surgeries were 3,2,and 2 hours respectively.Compared with the baseline stage,the compliance to most intervention measures im-proved after intervention,the largest increase in the compliance to interventions was disinfection with chlorhexidine-containing disinfectant at surgical sites of colorectal surgery (increased by 29.09%),followed by preoperative shower of femoral neck repair surgery (increased by 26.24%),preoperative shower of colorectal surgery(increased by 22.95%),and skin preparation on the day of operation (increased by 20.75%).Incidences of SSI in three types of surgeries were not significantly different before and after intervention(all P >0.05).Conclusion The incidences of SSI are different among different types of surgeries,the compliance to most bundled intervention measures has im-proved to some extent after intervention,but effectiveness of intervention measures needs to be further observed.
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Serious defect of eyelid and periorbital tissue affects the appearance of patients and closure-eye function.Application of superficial temporal artery island flap to repair the defected tissue is considered to be an available method to reconstruct eyelid and periorbital tissue.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the indication,safety and effectivity of reconstructing the serious defect of eyelid and periorbital tissue by forward flow flap.MethodsEighteen eyes of 18 cases with serious eyelid and periorbital tissue defect were reconstructed by covering the defect zone with superficial temporal artery to form forward flow flap.The flap was made along the distribution of superficial temporal artery with the size over the tissue detect area and transferred to lesion via subcutaneous tunnel.The follow-up time was 6 months.Survival status of flap,plastic condition of lesion and surgical treatment were discussed.ResultsAmong 18 cases with eyelid and periorbital defect,the flaps were survived in 16 cases with the satisfactory repairing appearance,showing nice color,soft texture and normal sensation after plastic surgery.Reconstructed eyelids closed well.One case showed the temporary obstruction of venous refluence in early stage after operation and remained distal epidermal necrosis.Reoperation was performed in 6 patients because of flap hypertrophy and showed a successful outcome.One patients occurred the failure of plastic flap due to hypertrophy and underwent free-flap transplantation in 3 months following the first surgery and obtained a ultimately flap survival.ConclusionThe superficial temporal artery forward flow flap offers a stable and reliable blood supplying and provides adequate tissue of excellent color and texture match.It is an ideal and available flap for the reconstruction of serious eyelid and periorbital tissue defect.