The Techniques of Image Mining and Their Applications in Medicine / 中国医学物理学杂志

Objective:As a branch of image processing,image mining is a subject for great concern.With the development of image acquisition and storage,human can gain a lot of useful image information,but lack of effective analytic technique,so it is a focus of image mining that how to obtain useful image information and make full use of image information.So this paper gives an overview of the research and applications of image mining.Method:Firstly,it presents the concept and primary frame of image mining and the major techniques of lower layer image mining and higher layer image mining.Then,it discusses some applications in the biomedical,DNA analysis,data analysis of medical imaging and forensic medicine and so on.Result:Image mining is that the technique which can mine to discover new and valuable knowledge from vast collection of image.Conclusion:This article expounds the related technologies about image mining by our study of the image mining areas integrating the usual methods of the methods.Then,it identifies some applications in medicine and future research directions of image mining.

Study and Analysis of Method for Extracting SEP / 中国医学物理学杂志

Objective: To study the method of extracting somatosensory evoked potential better. Methods: This article com-pares an auto-reference, auto-correlative and adaptive interference cancellation theories and techniques (AAA-ICT) used to the single trial of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) with the traditional superposition averaging. Results: By the intensive study and analysis of the somatosensory evoked potentials from the 80 human subjects whose nervous systems are normal, We can find that the traditional superposition averaging method has its reasonable connotation on the extraction of SEP except the inevitable defects. Conclusions: Meanwhile the AAA-ICT avoids its defects. R implements another jump for the SEP extrac-tion method and has a good clinical application value.

On the auto-reference, auto-correlation and adaptive interference cancellation theories and techniques for single extracting flash visual evoked potential / 生物医学工程学杂志

On the basis of analyzing the defects in traditional averaging theory for extracting evoked potential (EP), and by realizing the characteristic of spontaneous electroencephalo-signal (S-EES) as well as the special environment for extracting EP, we propose an auto-reference, auto-correlation, adaptive interference cancellation (AAA-ICT) for use in the single trial of flash visual evoked potential (FVEP). Firstly, the segment of reference signal, which has the best correlation with evoked electroencephalo-signal (E-EES), was obtained using the method for calculating the sliding correlation point by point between E-EES and reference signal; then, the cancellation factor between E-EES and the most correlative reference signal segment was derived by the least square method; at last, the single trial of FVEP was acquired by interference cancellation. By this method, FVEP can be extracted perfectly and the FVEP variability of individual inter-stimulation can be obtained.

Measuring the contrast resolution limits of human vision based on the modern digital image processing / 生物医学工程学杂志

In the literatures on the human vision physiology and physics, there were reports about space resolution limit of 1' visual angle, frequency resolution limit of 5 nm and time resolution limit of 0.1" of human vision. However, there has been no report about the contrast resolution limit of human vision,especially the report of measuring method and result about the contrast resolution limit of human vision based on the modern digital image processing. Here we report a modern method for measuring the contrast resolution limit of human vision based on computer digital image processing technology, and we present the measured results and their mathematical models. The function relationships of contrast resolution limit varying with background gray in a photopic or a scotopic sights were illuminated respectively. It can be expected that such investigations with regard to human vision will establish the physiological foundation of the theories and techniques in hiding bodies and hiding figures (stealth), in anti-hiding bodies and anti-hiding figures, in the night vision system independent of infrared, as well as in their relative industries.

Distribution of GST-pi single nucleotide polymorphism in idiopathic epilepsy patients and its association with electroencephalogram / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To study the distribution patterns of the SNPs for the 3 sites (Ⅱe105Val, Ala114Val and Asp147Tyr) of glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) in epilepsy patients without definite etiological factors. Methods At the same time, the possible relationship of GST-pi gene mutation with the vulnerability of drug-resistant epilepsy, drug-responsive epilepsy and EEG feature were explored. The SNPs of GST-pi for healthy people, drug-responsive epilepsy patients and drug-resistant epilepsy patients were genotyped by sequence-specific primers (SSP)-based PCR technologies (PCR-SSP). Results In drugresponsive epilepsy group, the frequency for 3 sites of mutated SNP of GST-pi was 59.62%, 55.32% and 50.94%, while it was 58.33%, 51.19% and 45.92% in drug-resistant epilepsy group. The difference of genotype and allele between normal group and foregoing epilepsy group was significant ( P<0.01 ), but no difference was found between drug-respensive epilepsy group and drug-resistant epilepsy group ( P>0.05 ). There was a difference of genotype distribution between groups with typical and untypical epilepsy EEG ( F = 0.0294, 8.867 × 10-6, 1.366 × 10-5, P<0.05 ). Conclusions The results indicate that the SNPs of GST-pi are associated with an increased risk of epilepsy, but not associated with an increased risk of drugresistant epilepsy. The patients present EEG characteristic of typical epilepsy.

Association of beta-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism with resting heart rate / 生物医学工程学杂志

This study was aimed to shed light on the association of beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR, includeing three subgroups: beta1, beta2 and beta3)gene polymorphism with resting heart rate (RHR). The RHRs of 150 healthy subjects (male 80; female 70) in the supine were detected by computerized system for analyzing the electrocardiosignals. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and allele specific-PCR techniques were used to determine Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly polymorphism of beta1-adrenoceptor gene; Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphism of beta2-adrenoceptor gene and Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta3-adrenoceptor gene; in these subjects. The results were as follows: The Arg389Gly polymorphism of beta1-adrenoceptor gene is significantly associated with RHR (P<0. 05), and the difference among three RHRs in male group is significantly higher than in group female group (P=0.0030 vs 0.0045). Individuals with Gly/Gly genotype have the highest RHR (male: 80.98+/-3.09; female: 84.23+/-6.28). No significant association was found among Ser49Gly, Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu and Trp64Arg polymorphism with RHR respectively (P> 0.05). RHR is associated with genotype. Arg389Gly polymorphism of beta1-adrenoceptor gene is significantly associated with RHRs, and the higher significant difference among male's RHRs,when compared with that among female's, suggests that male's RHRs be more influenced by genotype. Thus the clinical phenomenon of "the correlation of heart rate and mortality in male is higher than that in female" could be explained at the gene level.

Extracting and analyzing rabbit somatosensory evoked potential on the basis of continuous wavelet transform and multi-resolution analysis / 生物医学工程学杂志

This study was directed at extracting the rabbit somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), locating and analyzing the waveform of rabbit SEP. The rabbit was narcotized and stimulated by 0.5 Hz electric pulse. Potential of scalp was sampled at 3.764 Hz. Rabbit somatosensory evoked potential was extracted by one-dimension multi-resolution analysis, and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was employed to locate and analyze the wave of SEP. The study results showed that Single-trail SEP can be extracted by Daubechies wavelet, when wavelet transform result of single-trail was compared with the result of averaged SEP. Wave component of SEP can be located precisely through the method of continuous wavelet transform. Frequency feature of SEP can also be analyzed by CWT. The technique of continuous wavelet transform, which can project a one-dimension signal into a two-dimension time-frequency space, shows good application prospect of processing medical electronic signal.

Acute effects of low and moderate doses of alcohol on coordinate motor and autonomic nervous function in a group of healthy Hans / 生物医学工程学杂志

The autonomic nervous function, blood pressure, coordinate motor and blood alcohol Concentration (BAG) of twenty-one healthy Han volunteers were examined before and after alcohol intake. The purpose was to assess the acute effects of low and moderate doses of alcohol on their coordinate motor and autonomic nervous function. The results showed that after alcohol intake the subjects' heart rate increased and the total power value (TPV) decreased significantly. After the intake of alcohol at low dose, the parasympathetic nervous function of the subjects lying supoine was inhibited significantly. After the intake of alcohol at moderate dose, both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous functions were inhibited. After the intake of alcohol at low dose, both the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure of the subjects standing up-right were decreased and the diastolic pressure of those lying supine were also decreased. After the intake of alcohol at moderate dose, the systolic and diastolic pressures of the subjects, either lying supine or standing up-right, were decreased. Some subjects showed ataxia after the intake of alcohol at low dose ,and some showed aggravated ataxia after intake of alcohol at moderate dose of alcohol. There was no relationship of BAG with the degree of changes in autonomic nervous function, blood pressure and ataxia. The results indicated that ataxia was induced to come on and the autonomic nervous function was inhibited in some subjects who had taken low and moderate doses of alcohol ,and the cardiovascular regulation was affected too. These suggested that the increase of alcohol intake is adverse to human body's adaptation to the sharp change of circumstance.

Analysis on time-frequency feature of rabbit cortical somatosensory evoked potential / 生物医学工程学杂志

This experiment was carried out to analyze the time-frequency feature of rabbit cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). Rabbit was narcotized and subjected to craniotomy. SEP was from sensory and motor cortex. Stimulation was continuing many times and signal was sampled at 3 800 Hz. The peak latency of each waveform was measured. Power spectrum of SEP was analyzed. The time-frequency feature of single-trial was compared with that of average SEP. It was found that the variability of single-trial SEP latency enlarges with time in a stimulation period. The spectrum of SEP includes three main frequency spectrum packages. The technique of summation makes a lot of signal aberration such as waveform confluence, new waveform emerging and after-discharging components dismissing.

Genotype combination distribution of 5-site SNPs in 3 subtypes of beta adrenoceptor / 生物医学工程学杂志

DNA was extracted from the peripheral venous blood of 338 subjects using BLOOD DNA MINI KIT. The 5 site SNP in 3 subtypes of Beta-AR were genotyped by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) and allele-specific primer PCR techniques. The genotypes combination distribution of SNP at 5 sites in the 3 subtypes of Beta-AR were determined by clustering analysis technique. The natural combination distribution characteristics for SNP at 5 sites in the 3 subtypes of Beta-AR in 338 subjects were obtained. Sixty-seven combinations types were found. The preceding 5 combinations in the natural combination distribution of the SNP were: (1) The genotype combination of forty subjects was B1-AR S/S49+B1-AR R/R389+B2-AR R/G16+B2-AR Q/E27+B3-AR W/W64, its probability was 11.83%. (2) The genotype combination of thirty-three subjects was B1-AR S/S49+B1-AR R/R389+B2-AR R/G16+B2-AR Q/Q27+B3-AR W/W64, its probability was 9.76%. (3) The genotype combination of nineteen subjects was B1-AR S/S49+B1-AR R/G389+B2-AR R/G16+B2-AR Q/Q27+B3-AR W/W64, its probability was 5.62%. (4) The genotype combination of sixteen subjects was B1-AR S/S49+B1-AR R/G389+B2-AR R/G16+B2-AR Q/E27+B3-AR W/W64, its probability was 4.74%. (5) The genotype combination of thirteen subjects was B1-AR S/G49+B1-AR R/R389+B2-AR R/G16+B2-AR Q/E27+B3-AR W/W64, its probability was 3.85%. The obvious correlations exist among full sample and female or male subgroup, and between female and male subgroups.

A computer-aided image diagnosis and study system / 生物医学工程学杂志

The revolution in information processing, particularly the digitizing of medicine, has changed the medical study, work and management. This paper reports a method to design a system for computer-aided image diagnosis and study. Combined with some good idea of graph-text system and picture archives communicate system (PACS), the system was realized and used for "prescription through computer", "managing images" and "reading images under computer and helping the diagnosis". Also typical examples were constructed in a database and used to teach the beginners. The system was developed by the visual developing tools based on object oriented programming (OOP) and was carried into operation on the Windows 9X platform. The system possesses friendly man-machine interface.

Separating independent components in heart period signal / 生物医学工程学杂志

To extract sub-signal of heart period signal (HPS), a new statistical signal processing approach, namely independent component analysis (ICA) was addressed. Electrocardiosignal (ECS) was acquired from ten volunteers. ECS was sampled 8 minutes when the volunteer was in supine position, and then when the same volunteer was in erect position. HPS was extracted from ECS. According to time-delay, HPS was divided into five groups as mixed signals. Five signals were reconstructed into two groups by ICA. The rebuilt signals were transformed by Fourier transformation. One centralized in low frequency (called IC1); the other did in high frequency (called IC2). The power of IC1 was significantly increased (P<0.01) while that of IC2 showed no significant change (P>0.05), and the ratio of IC1 to total power also significantly increased with the change from supine position to erect position. Comparsion between the two postural results reveals that IC1 may express sympathetic activity, and IC2 represents parasympathetic activity. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous functions can be evaluated respectively and quantitatively by use of data and graphs from the two decomposed components.

Analyzing heart period signal for fetus and pregnant woman in perinatal period / 生物医学工程学杂志

Analyzing the digital characteristics (chaotic and spectral features) of fetal and pregnant woman's heart period signal (HPS) can assess the autonomic nervous system function. Extracting and analyzing HPS of fetal and pregnant woman in perinatal period were realized by using the method of visual programming. The subjects were in supine position. Electrocardiography-signal (ECS) from the leads placed at symphysis pubic bone to inferior border of abdominal wall was acquired. ECS was preprocessed by wavelet filter. The sophisticated technique developed by our laboratory was used to analyze the digital characteristics of HPS. The system could be used to assess fetal and pregnant woman's autonomic nervous system function, furthermore, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous function could be evaluated respectively and quantificationally. The system also could be used to prognosticate fetal distress. The digital characteristics of fetal and other age groups' HPS, which vary with age, suggest the physiological process of development, mature and senility of autonomic nervous system; based on it, we could find the way of anti-senility. Some digital parameters of fetal HPS stand between those of newborn and adult, which may imply that fetal autonomic nervous regulation is influenced by mother's nerve and endocrine system.

Genotype distributions of the 5 sites SNPs in the 3 subtypes of beta adrenoreceptor / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To study the genotype-by site distributions of SNP(single nucleotide polymorphisms)at the 5 sites in the 3 subtypes of beta adrenoreceptor(Beta-AR or B-AR).Methods:DNA was extracted from the peripheral venous blood of 338 subjects using Blood DNA Mini Kit.The 5 sites SNP in the 3 subtypes of Beta-AR were genotyped by PCR-RFLP(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) and allele specified PCR techniques.Results:The natural distribution characteristics for SNP at the 5 sites in the 3 subtypes of Beta-AR of 338 subjects were gotten.The predominant phenotypes are as follows:Beta1-AR wild homozygote Ser/Ser49(70%),Beta1-AR wild homozygote Arg/Arg389(63%),Beta2-AR heterozygote Arg/Gly16(80%),Beta2-AR heterozygote Gln/Glu27(50%),Beta3-AR wild homozygote Trp/Trp64(65%).Conclusion:It is heterogeneous in distribution in different styles for the genotype-by site distribution of SNP at the 5 sites in the 3 subtypes of Beta-AR,which is the basis for further investigating the relationship among the distribution,gene function and diseases.

Effects of Betoloc on Autonomic Nervous System in the Heart / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Betoloc(metoprolol)on autonomic nervous system in the heart METHODS:Using the computerized analysis system developed by our laboratory,the characteristic parameters of heart period signal(HPS)from volunteers were examined before and 3 hours after administrating Betoloc(50mg,po ) RESULTS:Betoloc could increase the mean heart period,standard deviation of heart period,high frequency components and total power of HPS'spectra,and decrease heart rate,low frequency components significantly CONCLUSION:(1)Betoloc can increase standard deviation of heart period or heart rate,which means increasing irregularity of heart rate It is the basic reason of increasing high frequency components of HPS'spectra and is also the basic reason of increasing cholinergic nervous activity;(2)Betoloc can decrease tension of sympathetic nerves,increase tension of parasympathetic nerves,and increase tension of autonomic nervous system in the heart

Effect of Atropine on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of atropine on cardiac autonomic nervous system.METHODS:Using the computerized analysis system developed by our laboratory,the characteristic parameters of heart period signal(HPS)in volunteers were examined before and 1 hour after administrating atropine(0.04mg iv).RESULTS:Atropine could decrease the mean heart period,standard deviation of heart period,high frequency components and total power of HPS spectra,and increase heart rate,relative power of ultra-low frequency components significantly.CONCLUSION:(1)Atropine can decrease standard deviation of heart period or heart rate,which means decreasing irregularity of heart rate.It is the basic reasons why high frequency components of HPS spectra increases,and parasympathetic nervous activity decreases,(2)Atropine can decrease the tonus of parasympathetic nerves,increase the tonus of sympathetic nerves relatively,and decrease the tonus of autonomic nervous system that reveals the decrease of the total power of HPS significantly.