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Studies have shown a large number of aberrant epigenetic changes in patients with psoriasis, including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA regulation, etc., suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in the occurrence of psoriasis. This review focuses on the recent progress in epigenetic regulation in psoriasis.
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Objective To estimate the influence of ADAR1 gene,which is considered to be responsible for the pathogenesis of dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria,on Wnt1 1 expression and tyrosinase activity.Methods Some cultured HaCaT cells were equally divided into four groups:control group remaining untreated,three experimental groups transfected with three different ADAR1-specific shRNAs respectively.Then,Western blot was performed to quantify the expression of Wnt11 protein in HaCaT cells so as to select the most potent shRNA.Some human A375 melanoma cells were cocultured with untransfected HaCaT cells (normally expressing ADAR1 and Wnt1 1 proteins) or HaCaT cells transfected with the selected specific shRNA (lowly expressing ADAR1 and Wnt11 proteins).Thereafter,cell appearance was observed using inverted microscopy at 24,48 and 72 hours,and tyrosinase activity was estimated at 48 hours.Results As Western blot showed,the expression of Wnt 11 protein was significantly lower in the three ADAR1-silenced experimental groups than in the control group.The number of dendritic protrusions at the junction sites between HaCaT cells and A375 cells was significantly decreased,together with a significant reduction in tyrosinase activity (absorbance value:0.0168 ± 0.0069 vs.0.0490 ± 0.0132,P ＜0.01),in A375 cells cocultured with transfected HaCaT cells compared with those cocultured with normal control HaCaT cells.Conclusion ADAR1 gene silencing in HaCaT cells can attenuate the expression of Wnt11 protein,and affect tyrosinase activity in A375 cells.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of factional multiplex laser (AffirmTM) with combined apex pulse (CAP) technology in treating depressive acne scars,post inflammatory erythema and enlarged pores and other lesions.By following up,the correlative factors were analyzed to guide the further use of the factional laser (AffirmTM) with CAP technology.Methods Patients who received the AffirmTM laser therapy from Sept.2007 to July 2008 were enrolled in this retrospective follow-up study.Pictures were taken before and after each treatment during the therapy.Then the pictures were evaluated by dermatologists to attain object variables.Other subject variables from patients were recorded during survey.The relation between the efficacy and age,sex and treatment frequencies were analyzed statistically.Results The effective rate was 25.34 ％ for post-acne scars,36.84 ％ for post-acne erythema.28.57 ％ for enlarged pores,and 14.29 ％ for rythids.Nonparametric test showed no statistical difference with gender or age.There was correlation between efficacy and treatment frequencies.No severe adverse effect was observed.Conclusions AffirmTM laser with CAP technology has a good effect on treating post-acne depressed scars and erythema,enlarged pores and fine rythids.
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Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of polymethylmethacrylate/PMMA (Artecoll) as an injectable dermal filler after using laser, radiofrequency and intensive pulse light. Methods In vitro, factional photothermolysis (Affirm) was directly used on the PMMA to see if there was any change in the structure or surface smoothness. In vivo, pig and guinea pig were used as the short-term and long-term models, respectively, for Artecoll. The dermal filler was first injected and then laser treatments conducted.The skin sample was observed through light microscope, scanning electronic microscope and transmission electronic microscope to see whether there were any structural changes, infiltration of inflammatory cells and the regeneration of collagen. Results Through the microscopic observation of in vitro experiment and the animal models, no distortion or rupture of the microsphere were found after the laser treatment. No uneven surface was found in the PMMA microsphere either. The microshpere was surrounded by the inflammatory cells. The infiltration was mild to intermediate with few foreign body giant cells even after several treatments of laser. There was no macrophage seen. But the collagen regeneration was distinguishable after the laser treatment. No obvious structural change was found eventually. Conclusion Artecoll is a safe and effective permanent injectable dermal filler for wrinkle reduction and contour refining.
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Objective To look for an appropriate dietary pattern of early nutritional intervention, which does not only meet the need of catch-up growth but also avoids or reduces the incidence of insulin resistance (IR) in adulthood of rats born with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Methods The model of IUGR in rats was established by maternal nutrition restriction. Sixty newborn female rats with IUGR were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) IUGR control group fed with common diet. (2) IUGR high-carbohydrate diet group. (3) IUGR high-fat diet group. (4) IUGR high-protein diet group. (5) IUGR low-protein diet group. The IUGR newborn rats were breast-fed for 3 weeks, while the mother rats were fed with the above different diets with the same caloric amount. Twelve normal newborn female rats served as a normal control group and were fed with common diet. All newborn rats were fed routine diet starting from the 4th week of experiment. The body weight, perirenal fat weight and the serum leptin, blood glucose, insulin concentration were measured and the insulin sensitive index (ISI) were calculated at the 4th week and the 12th week of life. Results The IUGR rats fed with high-protein diet showed a catch-up growth without the increase of perirenal fat at the 4th week, a normal level of perirenal fat, leptin and ISI at the 12th week compared with the normal control group, and did not show IR. The groups fed with high carbohydrate diet and high fat diet also showed a catch-up growth, but did the same as the IUGR control group in other aspects, they all showed increased perirenal fat, higher levels of leptin, lower ISI and IR at adulthood. The group fed with low protein diet did not show IR, but kept a small body size with increased perirenal fats. The serum leptin level of rats was positively correlated to body weight at the 4th week of life and was positively correlated to the weight of perirenal fat and negatively correlated to ISI at the 12th week of life. Conclusion High protein diet is an appropriate early nutritional intervention for rats with IUGR. The serum leptin level at the 12th week of life seems to be an index of IR in adult rats with IUGR.