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Objective:To observe the changes of macular morphology and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after single treatment of laser photocoagulation or intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted.Fourteen cases (23 eyes) of ROP children with a treatment history aged 4-10 years were enrolled as the ROP group in Shenzhen Eye Hospital from April to August 2018, with 8 cases (16 eyes) of age-matched full-term children as control group.Among the ROP group, 9 cases (14 eyes) receiving photocoagulation were set as the photocoagulation group and 5 cases (9 eyes) receiving IVR as the injection group.The 3 mm×3 mm scanning mode of OCTA was adopted to measure the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), FAZ morphological index, superficial retinal vascular density (VD) and superficial retinal perfusion density (PD), and the B-scan mode was used to determine the central foveal thickness (CFT). BCVA of all children was recorded and analyzed.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Eye Hospital (No.b-03). Written informed consent was obtained from guardians prior to any examination.Results:Compared with the control group, there was smaller area of FAZ, more irregular FAZ morphology and thicker CFT in the ROP group.The central fovea of macula in the laser photocoagulation group was shallow and almost indiscernible, and FAZ morphology was irregular.The FAZ area, FAZ morphological index, VD and PD in the ROP group were (0.09±0.08) mm 2, 0.51±0.25, (19.18±2.50)mm/mm 2 and 0.35±0.04, respectively, which were significantly lower than (0.32±0.08)mm 2, 0.68±0.07, (20.94±0.93)mm/mm 2, 0.38±0.02, respectively in the control group ( t=-8.03, -3.14, -3.02, -2.52; all at P<0.05). The CFT in the ROP group was (215.00±21.32) μm, which was significantly thicker than (164.29±20.20) μm in the control group ( t=8.91, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in BCVA between the two groups ( t=0.16, P=0.87). The CET in the laser photocoagulation group was significantly thicker than that in the injection group ( t=3.50, P=0.01). Conclusions:There are obvious morphology changes of macula in ROP children with single treatment history of laser photocoagulation or IVR, while the BCVA is not significantly affected by the treatment.
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The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remain elusive. The risk factors of ROP include excessive oxygen therapy, malnutrition, infection and inflammation. Among the factors above, the effect of inflammation on ROP has received more attention. TNF-α is a biological active protein which is involved in neovascularization and inflammation. It may play a role in the development of ROP. This review summarized the studies on the association between TNF-α and ROP in recent years, so as to provide a new way to further study the pathogenesis and treatment methods of ROP.
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Objective To observe the effect of retinal hemorrhage on the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by laser photocoagulation.Methods Retrospective case analysis.Screening and diagnosis of 134 eyes in 67 patients with ROP in Zone IⅡ Stage 3+ were included in the study.Among them,32 patients were male and 35 patients were female.The average birth gestational age was 27.80 ± 2.55 weeks.The average birth weight was 1060± 320 g.All children underwent binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and RetCam Ⅲ.Of the 134 eyes,38 eyes (28％) with anterior,ridge or vitreous hemorrhage (group A);96 eyes (72％) without hemorrhage.Retinal avascular photocoagulation was performed within 72 hours after diagnosis by intravenous sedative combined with ocular surface anesthesia with 810 nm laser.Follow-up was performed at 1,4,8 and 12 weeks after treatment,and then every 6 months thereafter.The same equipment and methods before treatment were used to examine and document the regression and progression of ROP.The number of eyes with lesions after photocoagulation in the two groups was compared by x2 test.The t-test was used to compare the gestational age and birth weight.Results Among 134 eyes,lesions completely resolved in 125 eyes (93.3％),progressed in 9 eyes (6.7％).In group A,7 eyes were progressive (18.4％).In group B,2 eyes were progressive (2.1％).There was a statistically significant difference in the number of eyes with lesions after laser treatment in group A and B (x2=9.14,P=0.003).There was no significant difference in birth gestational age and birth weight (t=0.85,0.25;P=0.40,0.80).Conclusion The laser photocoagulation is safe and effective in the treatment of ROP.The preretinal,ridge or vitreous hemorrhage is related to the progression of the lesion after laser photocoagulation.
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Objective To investigate the expression of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) in prostate cancer and its relationship with prostate specific antigen (PSA).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of 65 consecutive patients verified for prostate canc-er by prostate biopsy or post-operational pathological examination.The clinical stage was classified ac-cording to TNM system and the pathological grade was classified according to Gleason score.STEAP expression in 65 prostate cancer samples (T1 9,T2 14,T3 17,T4 25;high differentiation 37,moder-ate differentiation 12 and low differentiation 16) was studied by using STEAP monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotech,USA) and SP immunohistochemical staining.Positive staining gray values were introduced to describe the intensity of STEAP expression.STEAP expression level was analyzed with respect to stage,grade,serum total PSA and free/total PSA (f/t PSA) ratio respectively.Results The serum total PSA concentration and f/t PSA ratio in all cases was (27.65±8.34) ng/ml and 0.15～0.04 respectively.STEAP was positively stained in 63 patients (T1 7,T2 14,T3 17,T4 25; high differentiation 37,moderate differentiation 11 and low differentiation 15).The mean STEAP-positive staining gray values in stage T1,T2,T3 and T4 of prostate cancer were 26.8%,45.6%,62.3% and 76.5%,respectively and in high,moderate and low differentiation group were 71.2%,52.8%,and 34.4% respectively.The positive staining gray values of STEAP expression was posi-tively correlated to the clinical stage of cancer and negatively correlated to the Gleason score and the ratio of f/t PSA (P<0.01,respectively).There was no significant relationship between STEAP ex-pression and serum total PSA concentration (P>0.05).Conclusion STEAP expression may act as one of new markers to the invasion degree and pathological grade of prostate cancer.
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Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of the ankle and the foot soft tissue defects. Methods 41 cases of the ankle and the foot soft tissue defects were treated with different types of pedicle flaps transfer 9 types of flaps were used in all patients. Results 36 flaps of 41 cases were completely survived, 2 ease with superficial necrosis and 3 cases with distal edge partially necrosis and these 5 cases all healed by dressing change. All the easeswere followed up 3 to 36 months(averaged 12 months). The flaps completely survived. Conclusion The study showed that the soft tissue defects in ankle and foot can be constructed satisfactory by selecting a reasonable pedicle flap, especially the sural neurocutaneons island flaps.