Asponchimides A-E: new enantiomeric N-acetyldopamine trimers from Aspongopus chinensis / 中国天然药物

Five new racemic N-acetyldopamine (NADA) trimers, asponchimides A-E (1-5), were isolated from Aspongopus chinensis, a prominent traditional Chinese medicinal insect employed for alleviating pain, treating indigestion, and addressing kidney ailments. Compounds 1-5 were successfully resolved by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), yielding five pairs of enantiomers: (+)- and (-)-asponchimides A-E (1a/1b-5a/5b). Their structural identities were discerned by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1-5 are pioneering instances of NADA trimers featuring a Δ7 double bond. When subjected to a series of bioassays, a majority of the compounds exhibited weak inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.

A Light Adaptive Heart Rate Detection Method Based on Webcam / 中国医疗器械杂志

In order to extract the pulse wave signal of blood volume effectively in the case of uneven light, a light-adaptive heart rate detection method based on webcam was proposed. In this method, adaptive gamma transform is applied to face image sequence to eliminate the influence of illumination. The pulse wave source signal was extracted from the forehead area and the blood volume pulse wave was obtained by wavelet filtering. The heart rate is estimated by Fourier transform analysis. The Bland-Altman analysis indicates that the method used in this paper is in good agreement with the measurement results of the electronic sphygmomanometer, and the adaptive gamma transformation used in this paper eliminates the influence of light interference, and the measurement error of heart rate is significantly reduced, which is completely able to meet the requirements of daily heart rate monitoring.

Risk factors of critically ill patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction and effects on prognosis / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To analyze the risk factors of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, and the data of patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Jinghai District Hospital from September 2018 to March 2019 were collected. The data including sex, age, sequential organ failure score (SOFA), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), diagnosis in ICU, application of special drugs, hemoglobin (Hb), blood glucose, albumin (Alb) levels and presence or absence of bacteremia were collected. The patients were divided into gastrointestinal dysfunction group and non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group according to whether gastrointestinal dysfunction occurred or not. The general data, related final outcome and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting gastrointestinal dysfunction in critical ill patients, and the possible existing complications were recorded. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the predictive values of risk factors. Results One hundred and thirty-eight patients were enrolled in this study, and 86 patients had gastrointestinal dysfunction. The SOFA score and proportions of using catecholamine and bacteremia in the gastrointestinal dysfunction group were significantly higher than those in the non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group [SOFA score: 7.2±3.8 vs. 5.8±3.6, the proportion of using catecholamine: 57.0% (49/86) vs. 38.5% (20/52), the proportion of bacteremia: 32.6%(28/86) vs.17.3%(9/52), all P < 0.05], Alb level was significantly lower than that in the non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group (g/L: 24.15±5.75 vs. 26.55±5.68, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the use of catecholamine, Alb level, bacteremia and SOFA score in ICU were the risk factors for occurrence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in ICU patients [odd ratios (OR) were 1.128, 0.547, 1.645, 1.958, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were 1.052-1.219, 0.384-0.765, 1.143-2.597, 1.925-1.993, P values were 0.011, 0.017, 0.021, 0.016, respectively]. Compared with the non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group, the incidence of bedsore, the proportion of energy intake unable to reach the target, the length of stay in ICU and the mortality in gastrointestinal dysfunction group were significantly increased [the incidence of bedsore: 53.5% (46/86) vs. 30.8% (16/52), the proportion of intake unable to reach the target: 27.9% (24/86) vs. 5.8% (3/52), the length of stay in ICU (days): 22.5±17.8 vs. 16.0±11.5, mortality rate: 51.2% (44/86) vs. 34.6% (18/52), all P < 0.05]. ROC curve analysis showed that the use of catecholamine, bacteremia present or not, Alb level and SOFA score showed certain extents of predictive values for the occurrence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients the area under ROC curve (AUC) were 0.794, 0.712, 0.705 and 0.882, respectively, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 0.708-0.880, 0.609-0.816, 0.579-0.830, 0.801-0.962, sensitivity were 58.8%, 42.5%, 76.3%, 75.0%, specificity were 100%, 60%, 100%, 85%, all P < 0.05. Conclusions The use of catecholamine, Alb level, bacteremia and high SOFA score are the risk factors of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients. Prevention of gastrointestinal motility disorder can improve the treatment success rate of critical patients.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and laryngeal precancerous lesions / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

The laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is a general term for a series of symptoms and signs caused by reflux of the stomach contents to the upper part of the esophageal sphincter. In recent years, the laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is getting more and more attention as laryngeal precancerous lesions and risk factors of laryngeal cancer. Laryngeal precancerous lesions plays a important role in the development of laryngeal cancer process. This article will review the role and mechanisms of LPR in the laryngeal precancerous lesions, and the status of anti-reflux in the treatment of laryngeal precancerous lesions.

Treatment of Posterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome with Arthroscopy / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To discuss and summarize the effects of arthroscopic treatment of posterior ankle impingement syndrome.Methods The study enrolled 30 patients with posterior ankle impingement syndrome treated from January 2008 to November 2015.There were 18 males and 12 females,aged 19-58 years old (mean,37.6 years old).Right ankle injury was noted in 19 patients and left in 11 patients.A total of 27 patients had a history of obvious ankle injury (7 cases of acute sprains and 20 cases of chronic sprains).Arthroscopic surgery,including osteophyte removal,cartilage formation and joint clearance,was performed through the posterolateral and posteromedial approaches.Postoperative outcome was evaluated by using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores.Results All the patients were followed up for 8-27 months (mean,22 months).These patients got a good healing without nervous and vascular injuries.At the last follow up,the AOFAS score was (89.8 ± 3.8) points,significantly higher than before operation [(35.0 ± 10.1) points,t =-26.456,P =0.000].The VAS score was (2.5 ± 1.3) points,significantly lower than before operation [(6.6 ± 1.9) points,t =12.427,P =0.000].The ankle joint flexion angle was improved significantly from 29.4° ± 2.3° to 43.4° ± 1.4° as compared to preoperative status (t =-32.625,P =0.000).There were 21 cases of excellent result and 9 cases of good result,with an excellent and good rate of 100％.Conclusion Debridement and treatment of complications under arthroscopy is one of the effective methods for the posterior ankle impingement syndrome,which has advantages of minimal invasion,safety,targeted operation,and fast postoperative recovery.

Comparison of short-term effects by anterolateral deltoid approach or delto-pectoral approach for proximal humerus fractures / 重庆医学

Objective To compare the short-term effects of proximal humerus fractures by deltoid approach or delto-pectoral approach .Methods The clinical records of 53 patients with proximal humeral fracture for two kinds of different treatment were re-viewed :delto-pectoral approach with anatomical form plate(delto-pectoral group ,24 cases) or anterolateral deltoid approach with locking proximal humerus plate (anterolateral deltoid approach group ,29 cases) from May 2008 to May 2013 .The length of inci-sion ,bleeding volume ,postoperative painscores ,union of fracture time ,incidence of complications ,pain and function of shoulder score (Neer scores) were compared and recorded .Results All the patients were followed up for 6 - 24 months(mean 16 .3 month) , and all patients obtained bone union .The anterolateral deltoid approach was significantly higher than delto-pectoral approach in the operation fime ,the bleeding volume ,postoperative painscores ,union of fracture time ,pain and function of shoulder score(after a month)(P 0 .05) .By delto-pectoral approach ,there were 2 cases with delayed wound healing ,3 cases underwent the loosening of screw ,4 cases humerus head varus and 2 cases necrosis of head of humerus ,with the rate of complications of 45 .8% .On the other hand ,deltoid approach group were 2 cases underwent screw cutting and 2 cases humerus head varus ,with the rate of complications of 13 .8% (P< 0 .05) .Conclu-sion The clinical results of anterolateraldeltoid approach group with locking proximal humerus plate had the advantage of reliable fixation ,less suffering ,less surgical trauma and less complication ,which was better the short-term effects than delto-pectoral ap-proach with atomical from plate .

The effect of necrostatin-1 on expression of liver monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in septic rats / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To investigate the effect of necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) on the expression of liver monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in septic rats and its mechanism. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, and Nec-1 group by randomized digital number method, with 16 rats in each group. The model of sepsis was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rats in sham group received anesthesia, and flipping the cecum followed by closure of the abdomen without ligation of the cecum. Rats in Nec-1 group were given 1 mg/kg Nec-1 [25 mg Nec-1 solution dissolved in 2.5 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] through caudal vein 30 minutes before operation, while the rats in model group were given 0.1 mL/kg of DMSO only. Blood from abdominal aorta and liver tissue in each group were collected at 0 hour and 8 hours after operation. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined with automatic biochemistry analyzer. The pathological changes in liver were observed under light microscope using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The MCP-1 mRNA expression in the liver was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results There was no significant differences in the levels of serum ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6 and expressions of liver MCP-1 mRNA at 0 hour among three groups, and the liver cellular structure was normal. At 8 hours, compared with sham group, the expressions of serum ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6 and liver MCP-1 mRNA were significantly increased in model group and Nec-1 group [ALT (U/L): 172.35±21.88, 129.67±18.20 vs. 60.04±11.74, AST (U/L): 511.03±34.92, 363.51±25.25 vs. 254.83±31.04, TNF-α(ng/L): 603.96±24.18, 483.87±26.60 vs. 265.74±15.14, IL-6 (ng/L): 975.62±65.37, 712.09±45.47 vs. 310.42±13.88, MCP-1 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 7.09±0.18, 5.51±0.45 vs. 0.99±0.06, all P < 0.05]. Levels of the above parameters in Nec-1 group at 8 hours were significantly decreased compared with those of model group (all P < 0.05). Under light microscopy, it was noted that the structure of hepatic lobules was destroyed, with exacerbation of immunocyte infiltration at 8 hours in model group. At 8 hours, it was found that Nec-1 alleviated the pathological damage in Nec-1 group. Conclusion Nec-1 can protect the liver of rats with sepsis, lower the expression of serum TNF-α and serum IL-6 and liver MCP-1 mRNA, and obviously reduce the damage of inflammation.

Scorpion toxin BmK I directly activates Nav1.8 in primary sensory neurons to induce neuronal hyperexcitability in rats

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in primary sensory neurons play a key role in transmitting pain signals to the central nervous system. BmK I, a site-3 sodium channel-specific toxin from scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch, induces pain behaviors in rats. However, the subtypes of VGSCs targeted by BmK I were not entirely clear. We therefore investigated the effects of BmK I on the current amplitude, gating and kinetic properties of Nav1.8, which is associated with neuronal hyperexcitability in DRG neurons. It was found that BmK I dose-dependently increased Nav1.8 current in small-sized (<25 μm) acutely dissociated DRG neurons, which correlated with its inhibition on both fast and slow inactivation. Moreover, voltage-dependent activation and steady-state inactivation curves of Nav1.8 were shifted in a hyperpolarized direction. Thus, BmK I reduced the threshold of neuronal excitability and increased action potential firing in DRG neurons. In conclusion, our data clearly demonstrated that BmK I modulated Nav1.8 remarkably, suggesting BmK I as a valuable probe for studying Nav1.8. And Nav1.8 is an important target related to BmK I-evoked pain.

Biomechanical evaluation on the stability of anterior cervical pedicle screw fixation for osteoporosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Anterior cervical discectomy and bone graft fusion are effective method to treat cervical spondylosis. This method can provide firm fixation and the fusion rate is high. However, for cervical vertebra involved in more than two segments, the stability of fixator and bone graft is poor due to big bone graft span, which may easily cause fusion failure and pseudarthrosis, and impact curative effects. OBJECTIVE:To investigate biomechanical stability of anterior cervical pedicle screw implantation for osteoporosis in the vertebra. METHODS:A total of 12 human cervical vertebrae were col ected, including 6 vertebrae with normal bone density and 6 vertebrae with osteoporosis. Data of 60 vertebra specimens were analyzed. 30 osteoporotic specimens implanted in anterior cervical pedicle screw were set as anterior cervical pedicle screw group. 30 normal specimens implanted in anterior cervical pedicle screw were set as anterior vertebral screw group. According to bone density, 40 vertebrae were col ected in above two groups, and were considered as normal bone mineral density group, instant osteoporosis group, fatigue normal bone mineral density group, and fatigue osteoporosis group (n=10). Bone mineral density of each vertebra was detected using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Biomechanical index of two kinds of screws was detected using ElectroForce 3510 material testing machine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone mineral content, vertebral screw pul-out strength, vertebral screw pul-out stiffness, pedicle screw pul-out strength, and pedicle screw pul-out stiffness were significantly higher in the anterior cervical pedicle screw group than in the anterior vertebral screw group (P<0.05). The maximum axial pul-out strength of normal bone mineral density group, instant osteoporosis group, fatigue normal bone mineral density group, and fatigue osteoporosis group was significantly higher than in the anterior vertebral screw group (P<0.05). The results confirmed that osteoporotic vertebral biomechanical performance is more stable in anterior pedicle screws compared with the anterior vertebral screw.

Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation assisting sodium nitroprusside controlled hypotension on Glu,ATⅡ and SOD / 重庆医学

Objective To observe the effects of transdermal acupoint electric stimulation(TEAS)assisting sodium nitroprus-side induced controlled hypotension on serum glucose (Glu),angiotensin Ⅱ (ATⅡ)and superoxide dismutase (SOD),and to inves-tigate the protective effect of TEAS under controlled hypotension anesthesia.Methods 60 cases undergoing elective endoscopy si-nus surgery by adopting sodium nitroprusside induced controlled hypotension under general anaesthesia maintained the mean arterial pressure(MAP)in 50-60 mm Hg and were randomly and equally divided into two groups.The group Ⅰ conducted TEAS,while the group Ⅱ did not conduct TEAS.The controlled hypotension time and surgery time were recorded in the two groups;Glu and ATⅡ values were detected before anesthesia (T0 ),30 min after hypotension (T1 ),hypotension stopping(T2 );SOD was detected at T0 ,T2 ,30 min after hypotension(T3 ).Results The operation time and controlled hypotension continuous time had no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P >0.05).The Glu value in the group Ⅰ had no statistically significant difference a-mong the 3 time points,while which at T1 ,T2 was higher than that at T0 in the group Ⅱ(P 0.05),which at T1 ,T2 in the group Ⅱwas higher than that in the group Ⅰ (P <0.05);the SOD value at T2 was lower than that at T0 in the group Ⅰ,which at T2 ,T3 in the group Ⅱwas lower than that in the group Ⅰ(P <0.05).Conclusion TEAS assisting sodium nitroprusside controlled hypotension can better in-hibit the stress response.

Minimally invasive cervical laminoplasty versus single-door laminoplasty for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In recent years, a single-door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy was performed in the Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. This surgery achieved spinal decompression while remaining the important structure of cervical vertebra. OBJECTIVE:To comparatively analyze the therapeutic effects of minimal y invasive cervical laminoplasty and single-door laminoplasty on cervical spondylotic myelopathy. METHODS:A total of 78 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy were randomly divided into two groups, which respectively received minimal y invasive cervical laminoplasty and single-door laminoplasty. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al cases were fol owed-up for 3-36 months. No significant difference in excellent and good rate of Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was detected between the two groups in final fol ow-up (P>0.05). The apparent rate of axial symptoms was significantly lower in the minimal y invasive cervical laminoplasty group than that in the single-door laminoplasty group after treatment (P<0.05). Cervical curvature loss was significantly lower in the minimal y invasive cervical laminoplasty group than that in the single-door laminoplasty group (P<0.05). In final fol ow-up, in the minimal y invasive cervical laminoplasty group, two titanium screws of one patient were slightly loose, and no abnormal symptom was observed. In the single-door laminoplasty group, hinge breakage was visible in six patients. The broken vertebral plate was excised. Artificial spinal dura mater was coated on the surface of spinal cord for protection. Results suggested that the effect of two surgical methods in promoting functional recovery of spinal cord is identical. However, complications in the minimal y invasive cervical laminoplasty group are further fewer than those in the single-door laminoplasty group.

Study and realization of multidimensional visualization techniques for multimodality medical images / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper designed a multimodal medical image visualization system using open source VTK on platform VS2008. The system can visualize CT, MR, PET and SPECT using different visualization methods, such as multi-planar reconstruction (MPR), curved planar reformation (CPR), direct volume rendering (DVR), indirect volume rendering (IVR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP). Clinical practice shows that the system has stable performance and the visualization methods which make the reading of different modal medical images more convenient. The maximum number of CT slices the system can reconstruct is more than 2 000, and the reconstruction speed and quality meet the clinical requirements.

An overview of PET/CT image reconstruction techniques / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper introduced the imaging principle, data acquisition method and image characteristics of PET/CT; Then reviewed several image reconstruction methods widely used in PET/CT at present in detail, such as FBP, ML-EM, 3DRP and so on. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were summarized and compared.

Clinical use of nerve stimulator located cathetering for continuous interscalene brachial plexus block / 重庆医科大学学报

Objectives:To study the clinical results and feasibility of continuous brachial plexus nerve block and postoperative anagesia with catheters located by nerve stimulator in interscalene approach. Methods:60 ASAⅠ~Ⅱ patients receiving continuous interscalene brachial plexus block and postoperative analgesia for forearm,wrist or hand surgery were randomized into two groups.In group I,nerve blocks were performed using a normal venous needle located with traditional method which elicites numbness of the limb. Then a epidural catheter was passed and secured. Group Ⅱ were guided by nerve stimulator and special catheters were placed. Results:Compared with group I,time to perform the block,time to block and time to obtain satisfactory sensory and motor blockade in group II were shorter(P

Point of view on how to develop professional guidance of education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The thesis,from the aspect of professional guidance of education,focuses on the outstanding problems that exist in the work of professional guidance,analyzes the main reasons that caused those outstanding problems,and gives the feasible suggestions to professional guidance in current university education.