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Experimentalanimalsareimportantbasisforlifescienceresearchanddevelopment.Alongwiththe continuous development of science and technology , new technology and new ideas emerging , treatment and protection of animals during experiments are important condition to ensure the scientific results accurate and reliable , so scientists have paid more attention to the issues of animal welfare and protection .This article summarizes the animal treatment and protection measures during experiments based on both own work and experience and knowledge of other scientists .
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ObjectiveToexplorethestabilityofratmodelsofsubduralhematomapreparedbysubduralinjection of different volumes of autologous blood .Methods The rats were randomly divided into sham group (36), 300μL blood group, 500 μL blood group, and 700 μL blood group (each group 60 rats).The rats of model groups received subdural injection of 300 μL, 500 μL, or 700 μL autologous blood, respectively.At the postoperative 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 14th days, blood samples were taken from the abnormal aorta , and the brains were taken out for gross examination and taking photographs , six rats were used for each time .Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) was performed to determine the content of serum NSE and S100B proteins in the rats in each group.Results Compared with the sham operation group, the serum NSE in the 300μL group was significantly increased at the 2nd and 4th days (P0.05).In the 500 μL and 700 μL blood groups, the NSE contents at 2nd, 6th, 8th, 10th and 14th days were significantly increased ( P 0.05 ).The content of S100B protein in the 300 μL blood group was significantly higher at the fourth day (P0.05 for all ) , indicating that the hematoma disappeared gradually, and the damages repaired .The S100B protein content of the 500 μL and 700 μL blood groups was constantly kept at a higher level ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions Compared with the 300 μL ad 700 μL blood groups , the rat model of subdural hematoma developed by subdural injection of 500 μL autologous blood is the best , and can be used for studies of rat subdural hematoma .
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Objective To study the correlation of polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activity and baicalin synthesis in callus of Scutellaria baicalensisi.Methods PPO Activity was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and the content of baicalin was detected by HPLC.The effects of various substances(ascorbic acid,sodium chloride,benzoic acid,polyvinylpyrrolidone,and copper sulfate) on PPO activity and the content of baicalin were studied.Results There was no baicalin accumulation in the first 20 d of growth period, while PPO activity was expressed slowly during this period.From 20 d to 35 d,PPO activity increased significantly and the baicalin secondary synthesis was restrained.Conclusion The high-level expression of PPO activity do harm the baicalin secondary synthesis.These chemical substances,such as ascorbic acid, sodium chloride,and benzoic acid could inhibit the PPO activity and improve the content of baicalin;It is obvious for ascorbic acid(0.02%) to improve the content of baicalin with 17.6%(82.3 mg/g) compared with the control.However,polyvinylpyrrolidone and copper sulfate could increase the PPO activity and greatly inhibit the baicalin accumulation.
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Objective To study the rule of callus culture and baicalin synthesis in Scutellaria baicalensis. Methods Callus was induced by plant cell culture technology and the content of baicalin was determind by HPLC. Results The optimal culture medium on the growth of callus and the synthesis of baicalin in S. baicalensis is: MS culture medium, 60 mmol/L (NH_4+∶NO_3-=1∶1), 0.5—1.5 mmol/L KH_2PO_4, 80 g/L sucrose, 0.3 mg/L IAA, 2 mg/L 6-BA, and 200 mg/L peptone. When it was cultured for 40 d, the total biomass reached 28.7 g/L and the content of baicalin was 167.4 mg/g, which was much higher than that of wild S. baicalensis. Conclusion The growth of S. baicalensis callus and the accumulation of baicalin are not underway simultaneously; the callus grows first and then its secondary metabolic products synthesize. It is obvious for sucrose to regulate the baicalin synthesis. When the concentration of sucrose is less than 3%, it could only promote the callus growth; when between 3% and 8%, it could greatly increase not only the callus growth but also the baicalin synthesis, when 8%, both of them arrive to the maximum content.