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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) level in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods One hundred and fifty patients with AMI were selected as the AMI group and 150 patients with suspected coronary heart disease without coronary artery stenosis were selected as control group from January 2017 to December 2018 in Quzhou People's Hospital of Zhejiang.The serum LRP6 levels were determined by Western blot.The serum B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in AMI group were higher than those in the control group [(4.42 ± 0.79) mmol/L vs.(3.79 ± 0.82) mmol/L,(1.52 ± 0.33) mmol/L vs.(1.37 ± 0.38) mmol/L,(3.15 ± 0.34) mmol/L vs.(2.91 ± 0.28) rmol/L],and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower than that in control group [(0.95 ± 0.26) mmol/L vs.(1.21 ± 0.33) mmol/L],and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The level of serum LRP6 and left ventricular ejection fractionin in AMI group were lower than those in control group [0.12 ± 0.03 vs.0.38 ± 0.07,(53.27 ± 6.89)％ vs.(66.82 ± 7.35)％],and the BNP and cTnI levels were higher than those in control group [(78.16 ± 5.27) ng/L vs.(7.13 ± 1.24) ng/L,(125.83 ± 3.26) ng/L vs.(0.71 ± 0.24) ng/L],and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The serum LRP6 level was negatively correlated with LDL-C,BNP,cTnI and SYNTAX scores (r =-0.587,-0.523,-0.542,-0.583,P＜ 0.05),and was positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r=0.515,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Serum LRP6 level is decreased in patients with AMI.Serum LRP6 is closely related to the severity of AMI and the extent of coronary artery disease.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical significance of serum low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) level in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).@*Methods@#One hundred and fifty patients with AMI were selected as the AMI group and 150 patients with suspected coronary heart disease without coronary artery stenosis were selected as control group from January 2017 to December 2018 in Quzhou People′s Hospital of Zhejiang. The serum LRP6 levels were determined by Western blot. The serum B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).@*Results@#The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in AMI group were higher than those in the control group [(4.42 ± 0.79) mmol/L vs. (3.79 ± 0.82) mmol/L, (1.52 ± 0.33) mmol/L vs. (1.37 ± 0.38) mmol/L, (3.15 ± 0.34) mmol/L vs. (2.91 ± 0.28) mmol/L], and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower than that in control group [(0.95 ± 0.26) mmol/L vs. (1.21 ± 0.33) mmol/L], and there were significant differences (P<0.05). The level of serum LRP6 and left ventricular ejection fractionin in AMI group were lower than those in control group [0.12 ± 0.03 vs. 0.38 ± 0.07, (53.27 ± 6.89)% vs. (66.82 ± 7.35)%], and the BNP and cTnI levels were higher than those in control group [(78.16 ± 5.27) ng/L vs. (7.13 ± 1.24) ng/L, (125.83 ± 3.26) ng/L vs.(0.71 ± 0.24) ng/L], and there were significant differences (P<0.05). The serum LRP6 level was negatively correlated with LDL-C, BNP, cTnI and SYNTAX scores (r=- 0.587, - 0.523, - 0.542, - 0.583, P<0.05), and was positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r=0.515, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Serum LRP6 level is decreased in patients with AMI. Serum LRP6 is closely related to the severity of AMI and the extent of coronary artery disease.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of curcumin on the lead burden in lead－exposed rats,and to study whether curcumin can influence the lipid peroxidation caused by lead exposure. Methods A total of 70 rats of 21－day－old rats were divided randomly to 7 groups,the control group was given normal diet and drinking water,the curcumin group was given curcumin only 1 month after normal drinking water being given;the other 5 lead－exposed groups were given 2 g/L of acetate lead in free drinking water for 1 month and then randomly divided into lead－ex﹣posed group,low,medium and high concentration curcumin groups and Dimercaptosuccinic acid( DMSA)group,rela﹣tively. Lead levels of lead－exposed rats were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,and commercial kit was used to detect antioxidant enzymes,and glutathione related enzymes and lipid peroxides. Results The lead concentrations in the blood,hippocampus,liver and kidney of lead－exposed group increased,the levels of each group were(221. 76 ± 12. 59)μg/L,(1. 10 ± 0. 11)μg/g,(1. 40 ± 0. 12)μg/g,(8. 26 ± 0. 47)μg/g, and(57. 58 ± 6. 09)μg/g,respectively;compared with the lead－exposed group,the lead concentrations reduced in the blood,hippocampus,liver and kidney significantly(F﹦90. 67,39. 07,27. 34,86. 04,all P﹦0. 000)in the curcu﹣min－treated group,while the effect of curcumin in the bones showed no significant difference between groups( F﹦5. 65,P﹦0. 230). Lead could significantly improve the level of lipid peroxides in the serum and hippocampus,and cur﹣cumin－treated groups could significantly reduce the level of lipid peroxidation( F﹦58. 03,19. 25,32. 27,24. 83,all P﹦0. 000)and(F﹦28. 18,33. 71,38. 95,32. 11,all P﹦0. 000);lead could also reduce the antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum and hippocampus;curcumin －treated groups could significantly increase the antioxidant enzyme activity (F﹦18. 24,78. 65,all P﹦0. 000)and(F﹦13. 68,17. 04,all P﹦0. 000),respectively. The concentration in the curcu﹣min group was better than that of DMSA group(P＜0. 05). Conclusions Curcumin can downregulate the lead concen﹣trations in the blood,hippocampus,liver and kidney and improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes,inhibit the oxida﹣tive stress induced by lead,and thus resist the lead－induced damage.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effect of curcumin on the lead burden in lead-exposed rats, and to study whether curcumin can influence the lipid peroxidation caused by lead exposure.@*Methods@#A total of 70 rats of 21-day-old rats were divided randomly to 7 groups, the control group was given normal diet and drinking water, the curcumin group was given curcumin only 1 month after normal drinking water being given; the other 5 lead-exposed groups were given 2 g/L of acetate lead in free drinking water for 1 month and then randomly divided into lead-exposed group, low, medium and high concentration curcumin groups and Dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) group, relatively.Lead levels of lead-exposed rats were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and commercial kit was used to detect antioxidant enzymes, and glutathione related enzymes and lipid peroxides.@*Results@#The lead concentrations in the blood, hippocampus, liver and kidney of lead-exposed group increased, the levels of each group were (221.76±12.59) μg/L, (1.10±0.11) μg/g, (1.40±0.12) μg/g, (8.26±0.47) μg/g, and (57.58±6.09) μg/g, respectively; compared with the lead-exposed group, the lead concentrations reduced in the blood, hippocampus, liver and kidney significantly (F=90.67, 39.07, 27.34, 86.04, all P=0.000) in the curcumin-treated group, while the effect of curcumin in the bones showed no significant difference between groups(F=5.65, P=0.230). Lead could significantly improve the level of lipid peroxides in the serum and hippocampus, and curcumin-treated groups could significantly reduce the level of lipid peroxidation(F=58.03, 19.25, 32.27, 24.83, all P=0.000) and (F=28.18, 33.71, 38.95, 32.11, all P=0.000); lead could also reduce the antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum and hippocampus; curcumin-treated groups could significantly increase the antioxidant enzyme activity (F=18.24, 78.65, all P=0.000) and (F=13.68, 17.04, all P=0.000), respectively.The concentration in the curcumin group was better than that of DMSA group (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Curcumin can downregulate the lead concentrations in the blood, hippocampus, liver and kidney and improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes, inhibit the oxidative stress induced by lead, and thus resist the lead-induced damage.
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Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Allicin on the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by lead in rats.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into 6 groups,10 rats in each group,which were low dose group(A-L),medium-dose group(A-M) and high dose (A-H) Allicin group and lead exposure group (Pb group),dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) group and blank control group.The blank control group animals were treated with ultrapure water,and the other 5 groups received 1.0 g/L lead acetate aqueous solution instead of ultrapure water after 20 days and they were treated them with compounds by oral gavage.The doses of Allicin in group A-L,A-M group and A-H group were 2.7 mg/kg and 5.4 mg/kg,and 10.8 mg/kg,respectively.The DMSA dose was 10.8 mg/kg,and the Pb group was given 9 g/L saline.After the model was established,the rats were sacrificed to collect whole blood and hippocampus.Blood lead and tissue lead concentrations were measured,and the level of apoptosis in hippocampus was observed by TUNEL staining.The levels of cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases (caspase)-3,caspase-9,poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) mRNA and caspase-3,caspase-9,PARP activated protein and cytochromes C distribution in the hippocampus cells were detected by using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR),Western blot,and immunofluorescence staining.Results (1) Lead levels in the blood lead and hippocampus of rats in A-L group,A-M group and A-H group [(190.54±11.33) μg/L,(0.28 ±0.03) μg/L;(159.55 ±16.94) μg/L,(0.22 ±0.06) μg/L;(l16.62 ±8.85) μg/L,(0.19 ±0.01) μg/L] were lower than those in Pb group [(271.34 ±21.23) μg/L,(0.31 ±0.04) μg/L],and there were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The blood lead and hippocampal lead levels in the DMSA group [(50.12 ± 7.44) μg/L,(0.15 ± 0.03) μg/L] were lower than those in the A-L group,A-M group and A-H group.(2) The results of TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis levels of hippocampus in A-L group,A-M group and A-H group were lower than that in Pb group [(2.81 ±0.17)％,(2.08 ±0.28)％,(1.33 ±0.08)％ vs.(4.23 ±0.17)％],and there were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05);the apoptosis level of hippocampus in the DMSA group [(2.63 ± 0.32) ％] was higher than that in the A-M group and the A-H group,which was lower than that in the Pb group.(3) qPCR results showed that the levels of caspase-3,caspase-9 and PARP mRNA in A-H group were down-regulated compared with Pb group (1.07 ± 0.05,1.02 ± 0.02,1.11 ± 0.02 vs.1.34 ± 0.02,1.26 ±0.05,1.93 ± 0.07).The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of caspase-3 and PARP mRNA in A-L group and A-M group were down-regulated (1.21 ± 0.05,1.43 ± 0.12,1.16 ± 0.02,1.20 ± 0.06 vs.1.34 ± 0.02,1.93 ± 0.07),and there were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant change in caspase-9 mRNA;the mRNA levels of caspase-3,caspase-9 and PARP in A-H group (1.07 ± 0.05,1.02 ± 0.02,1.11 ± 0.02) were lower than those in DMSA group (1.14 ± 0.02,1.15 ± 0.08,1.32 ±0.05).(4) Western blot results:compared with Pb group,the expression levels of activated caspase-3,caspase-9 and PARP protein in A-H group were down-regulated (A-H group:0.44 ± 0.15,0.58 ± 0.25 and 0.31 ±0.19,0.23 ±0.07 vs.Pb group:0.69 ±0.13,0.72 ±0.22 and 0.55 ±0.21,0.43 ±0.10),the expression of activated caspase-9 protein in A-M group was lower than that in Pb group (A-M group:0.59 ±0.18 vs.Pb group:0.72 ± 0.22),and there were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05);the expression of activated caspase-3 and RARP protein in A-H group was lower than that in DMSA group.(5) Fluorescence staining showed that the expression of cytochrome C in cytoplasm of A-L group,A-M group and A-H group were significantly lower than that of Pb group and DMSA group.Conclusion Allicin can inhibit the apoptosis of hippocampus cells in rats with lead poisoning through mitochondrial pathway.The effect of Allicin on apoptosis inhibition may be better than DMSA.
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Objectives To explore the efficacy of CaNa2EDTA in the treatment of chronic moderate lead poisoning, so as to optimize the chelation therapy for lead poisoning in children. Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with chronic moderate lead poisoning treated with CaNa2EDTA for 3 consecutive courses of lead removal during September 2014 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-four hour urinary lead levels during hospitalization were analyzed. The changes of blood lead levels before treatment, 3 days, and 5 days after treatment were also analyzed. Results In the 14 children (4 males and 10 females) average age was 2.35±1.47 years. After treatment with CaNa2EDTA for 3 consecutive courses, the blood lead levels were decreased significantly in all the patients, and the blood lead levels at 3 days after treatment were 0.76, 0.77, 0.72 times those at 5 days after treatment respectively. The decrease of blood lead levels per unit of drug in the first 3 days of treatment were significantly higher than those in 5 days of treatment (P<0.05). The decrease of blood lead levels at 3 days after treatment was 0.65, 0.71, 0.70 times , those in 5 days' treatment respectively. The decrease of urine lead levels per unit of drug in the first 3 days of treatment were significantly higher than those in 5 days of treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions CaNa2EDTA has an obvious effect on removal of lead.The efficiency of lead removal in 3 days of treatment was higher than in 5 days of treatment. Thus, a course of treatment for 3 days may be an altenative for a course of 5 days.
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Objective To assess the distribution of blood lead levels and the sources of lead exposure in children with lead poisoning,and thus to offer recommendations for clinical diagnosis and treatment of childhood lead poisoning.Methods The clinical data of 129 patients with lead poisoning was collected and analyzed at the Out-patient Department of Lead Poisoning Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine during Sep.2012 and Aug.2013 were collected and analyzed.All children were required to fill out theoutpatient questionnaire on heavy metal (including children's demographic data,growth assessment,frequency of hand-mouth behavior,and the behavior of washing hands before eating,dietary,sources of lead exposure,and the family environment,etc.).Other data of medical history,physical examinations (height,weight,growth and development) were also collected.Blood samples were collected to measure blood lead level by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.Results (1) The above 129 patients were from 14 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions),including 64 cases in Zhejiang (49.6％),30 cases in Shanghai (23.0％),13 cases in Jiangsu (10.1％),6 cases in Jiangxi (4.7％),5 cases in Hebei (3.9％),2 cases in Anhui and Guangdong (1.6％) ;and 1 case in Fujian,Henan,Hunan,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang and Shandong (0.8％),respectively.(2) In the patients,the blood lead level was 17.0-892.0 μg/L[(251.5 ±155.8) μg/L] and the median was 235.0 μg/L.(3)The mean age of the children was 4.3 years.Fifteen cases were less than 1 year old,and the mean blood lead level was (367.8 ± 137.7) μg/L.Thirty-seven cases were 1-3 years old children,and the mean blood lead level was (250.5 ± 116.3) μg/L.Fifty cases were 3-6 years old children,and the mean blood lead level was (237.7 ± 179.7) μg/L.Twenty-seven cases were over 6 years old,and the mean blood lead level was (213.9 ± 141.8) μg/L.(4) One hundred and eleven cases of the children could find the definite sources of lead exposure,mainly from industrial pollution (35.7％) and domestic pollution (64.3％).The blood lead levels in 18 cases were less than 100 μg/L,and their definite lead pollution source was not found.(5) Most of the children had the symptoms of inattention,hyperactivity,aggressive behavior,constipation and abdominal pain,and so on.(6)Logistic regression analysis of children with blood lead levels ≥ 235.0 μg/L showed that lead pollutants and age were the main risk factors for lead poisoning.Conclusions Industrial pollution are associated with higher blood lead levels among children aged 0-6 years old (occupying one-third of the pollutants).The younger children tend to have higher blood lead levels,and the data also suggest that greater attention should be paid to children who used red powder.
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Objective To investigate the expressions of platelet activation-dependent granule membrane protein and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-αB, and the ultra-microstructure changes of platelets in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI). Method The expressions of platelet activationdependent granule of glycoprotein (CD62P)and platelet derived growth factor receptor αβ subtype (PDGFR-αβ)of platelets in peripheral blood in 36 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) hospitalized and another 34 healthy subjects over the same period (control group) were investigated by flow cytometry and data were analyzed. The changes of ultra microstructure and activity of blood platelets in those patients and control group were observed under the scanning electron microscope. Results The expressions of CD62P and PDGFR-αβin patients with STEMI group before treatment were (3.65 ± 1.87) % and (0.43 ± 0.39) %, respectively, and those after treatment were (0.96 ± 0.79) % and (0.28 ± 0. 24) %, respectively, whereas those in control group were (0.67 ± 0.35) % and (0.27 ± 0.22) %, respectively, which were much lower in control than those in patients with STEMI before treatment (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05) respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the expressions of CD62P and PDGFR-αβ in patients group between pre-treatment and posttreatment (P ＜0.01 or P ＜0.05), respectively. Obvious ultra-microstructure changes of platelet surface in patients with STEMI group were observed. Conclusions Due to platelet activation in AMI, the expressions of CD62P can be used as effective indicators for monitoring coronary heart disease, and the PDGFR-αβ can be used as a reference indicator. The platelet surface ultra-microstructure changes during platelet activation in patients with AMI can be found by scanning electron microscopy.