Molecular types of group A Streptococcus isolated from scarlet fever patients and asymptomatic carriers in Shandong province, 2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the molecular characteristics of group A Streptococcus (GAS) isolated from patients and asymptomatic carriers of scarlet fever in Shandong province, 2013, and to explore the relationships between emm types and other molecular types.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>72 strains of GAS were isolated from throat swabs of children with scarlet fever or asymptomatic carriers of GAS. All the strains were typed by emm typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), super-antigen (SAg) genes detections and pulsed-field gel electrophoreses (PFGE).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 72 strains, emm1 (41.67%) and emm12 (56.94%) were the most common emm types. Two ST types were found, including ST28 (43.06%) and ST36 (56.94%). Additionally, emm1 was also found correlated to ST28, while emm12 was associated with ST36. Eight super-antigen genes were detected, including smeZ (100.00%), ssa (100.00%), speG (97.22%), speC (95.83%), speL (54.17%), speJ (41.67%), speA (38.89%) and speH (38.89%), while speK, speM, speL were not found (0%). Both speA and speJ genes were detected primarily in emm1 strains (all P < 0.05), while speH and speI genes were not detected in emm 1 strains (all P < 0.05). And emm12 strains were inclined to harbor speH and speL (all P < 0.05) but not speA or speJ (all P < 0.05). Twenty different genotypes were identified by PFGE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the emm types of GAS isolated from scarlet fever patients and asymptomatic carriers in Shandong province 2013 were mainly emm1 and emm12 and carrying speC, speG and smeZ, ssa. ST types mainly exsited in ST28 and ST36. In addition, there were correlations between emm types and super-antigen genes, ST types, PFGE types.</p>

The analysis of correlation between the occurrence of tourette syndrome with one-child family environment / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective The analysis of correlation between the occurrence of tourette syndrome with one-child family environment. Methods The authors investigated home environment of two groups. One group included 200 patients with tourette syndrome and is the other group included healthy children of the same age in 3 different primary and secondary schools. By comparing with the home environmental factors, parenting styles and parent emotional factors between two groups. Results The instabilities of home environment included bad family relationship, separation between parents, divorce, scolding and even beating children. It showed that anxiety of the direct supervisors among the sickness group were higher than healthy control group as well. Among the ten factors of the Family Environments Scale, the significant differences showed in six factors of affection,cohesion,expressiveness, conflict, intellectual-culture orientation, active-recreational orientation, organization between the two groups. Conclusion So we concluded that ①There is a correlation between the parents relations,parenting styles and the incidence of tourette syndrome; ②An anxiety of the direct supervisor may initiate, even aggravate the incidence of tourette syndrome; ③It is important to convert the education mode and take family overall treatment in order to reduce the incidence and improve the effectiveness of tourette syndrome.

OBSERVATION ON LECTIN RECEPTORS IN GLANDS OF INTESTINAL METAPLASIA OF GASTRIC MUCOSA / 解放军医学杂志

4 kinds of lectin receptors (PHA, DBA, PNA, ConA) in the tissues of a variety of lesions of the gastric mucosa are studied with the histochemical method (ABC technique) in 87 cases. The results are follows: the positive rates of 4 kinds of lectin-binding, the distribution of lectin receptors, the intensity of positiveness and the stained patterns are correlated to the histologic types and the grades of various mucosal lesions. The intensity of positive reaction of PHA, PNA and DBA shows a progressive rising, while that of ConA appears a gradual declining tendency with the change from normal gastric mucosa to intestinal metaplasia and cancer. The stained patterns of lectin are: type I is the main pattern for ConA, type I for PNA and type III for PHA and DBA .