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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the factors that affect indirubin-generated significantly in the process of preparing indigo naturalis, optimize level combination and determine the optimum technology for indirubin-generated.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using concentration of indirubin (mg x g(-1)) that generated by fresh leaf as an index, Plackett-Burman design, Box-Behnken design response surface analysis as the statistical method, we screened the significantly influencing factors and the optimal level combination.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The soaking and making indirubin process in preparing indigo naturalis was identified as the wax is not removed before immersion with immersion pH 7, solvent volume-leaf weight (mL: g)15, soaked not avoided light, soaking 48 h, temperature 60 degrees C, ventilation time of 180 min, and added ammonia water to adjust pH to 10.5.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The soaking and making indirubin process in preparing indigo naturalis is optimized systematically. It clarify the various factors on the impact of the active ingredient indirubin which controlled by industrialized production become reality in the process of preparing indigo naturalis, at the same time, it lay the foundation for processing principle of indigo naturalis.</p>
Subject(s)
Control Groups , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Indigo Carmine , Indigofera , Chemistry , Indoles , Chemistry , Metabolism , Myanmar , Plant Leaves , ChemistryABSTRACT
Accessed to literatures at home and abroad, we introduced the process of indigo naturalis transforming from dyestuff industry into pharmaceutical industry. It is affirmed that the precursors of indigo and indirubin are isatan A, isatan B, isatan C and indicant. Meanwhile, author clarified the mechanism of transformation for these precursors transforming into indigo and indirubin. And we summarized methods of determination for these precursors. In summary, these references provide us accordance of study on processing principle of Indigo naturalis, and lay the foundation for technics of making indigo and indirubin entering into modern industry.
Subject(s)
Indigo Carmine , Indoles , Chemistry , Metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Pigmentation , Plants , Metabolism , TemperatureABSTRACT
Chinese materia medica(CMM) industry is one of the most national identity in China′s industries.According to the development situation in recent years,putting forward some reasonable ideas will promote better and faster development of the CMM industry.In this paper,through the literature review combined with CMM industry development status,the current structure of CMM industry was analyzed.And based on the concept of the industrial chain,the CMM industry chain structure was analyzed and described.The proposal of building a harmonious CMM industry chain was put forward clearly,which will conform to the requirements of the CMM industry development.Above all,this article has provided some constructive ideas for future development of CMM industry.
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Objective To improve the permeation of nasal mucosa by preparing the cholic acid-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin(HP-?-CD) and characterize the inclusion complex.Methods The inclusion complex was characterized by using phase solubility,scanning electron microscope(SEM),Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and superconducting NMR;In an effort to investigate the effect of HP?-CD on cholic acid,the studies of in vitro permeation of nasal mucosa was performed.Results Phase solubility curve was AL type,K=564.30 L/mol,and the characterization de-monstrates the formation of inclusion complex;The permeability coefficients and steady state fluxes through ovine and porcine nasal mucosa were enhanced by the formation of inclusion complex with HP-?-CD about 1.46 and 1.44 times of the uncomplexed cholic acid,respectively.Conclusion The inclusion complex is formed and it could increase the permeability of nasal mucosa by preparing the cholic acid-HP-?-CD.
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AIM: To optimize the preparation of cholic acid-hydroxypropy-?-cyclodextrin inclusion complex,and its phase solubility analysis. METHODS: Orthogonal test,including molar ratio,inclusion temperature,mixing time and liquid dropping rate of cholic acid-HP-?-CD,was adopted to screen the optimal preparation,based on the inclusion efficiency by HPLC method.The solubilization effect was evaluated by using phase solubility.(RESULTS): The optimal preparation consisted of the molar ratio of cholic acid-HP-?-CD was 1∶3,60 ℃ inclusion temperature,60 min mixing time,1.6 mL/min liquid dropping rate;A_L type of phase solubility curve,K=564.30 L/mol,and 11.81 times solubilization. CONCLUSION: The optimal preparation is stable,reasonable and practicable with the encapsulation efficiency of 97.1%.Inclusing cholic acid with HP-?-CD is feasible,and the solubilization effect is significant.