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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of conservative and surgical treatment of testicular appendage torsion in children and to summarize the experience.Methods:The clinical data of 106 children with testicular appendage torsion admitted in Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from January 2012 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different therapeutic methods, all the children were divided into conservative group (25 cases) and surgical group (81 cases). The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.Results:106 children with testicular appendage torsion were cured. The hospitalization time [(5.61±1.04)d vs (11.32±1.89)d], pain relief time [(9.11±2.56)d vs (68.5±19.87)d], disappearance time of scrotal edema [(5.11±1.08)d vs (10.56±1.50)d] and the utility time of antibiotic [(4.89±1.32)d vs (7.06±1.26)d] in the surgical group were shorter than those in the conservative group, with statistically significant difference(all P<0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, there were no cases of recurrence and discomfort in the two groups. Conclusions:Children with testicular appendage torsion should be actively treated with surgery, which can not only significantly shorten the course of disease, but also reduce the incidence of complications and missed diagnosis. For children who with testicular appendage torsion, surgeries should be performed actively. It can significantly shorten the duration of symptoms, but also reduce the occurrence of complication and the occurrence probability of misdiagnosis.
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Objective:To seed for stable time window of the integrated disease-syndrome animal model based on the counterevidence from Chinese medicinal prescriptions， and to verify syndrome stability and reliability. Method:A model of depression was established by exposing rats to chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）， followed by body weight measurement， sugar water test， behavioral test， and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） detection. The identification of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome was conducted after the equivalent transformation of human clinical symptoms into macroscopic representations of rats. Based on the dynamically collected macroscopic representation scale， Xiaoyaosan was used to reversely verify the stability and reliability of the integrated disease-syndrome animal model of depression due to liver depression and spleen deficiency. Result:The sugar water consumption and the number of crossings and the total movement distance in the open field test of 16-week-old rats in the CUMS （eight weeks of CUMS） group were significantly lower than those in the normal group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. According to the immunohistochemical results， the 5-HT content in hippocampal area CA2 of rats in the CUMS group was also significantly lowered as compared with that in the normal group（<italic>P</italic><0.05），which indicated that depression was successfully modeled. The liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome was present in 14-week-old rats （six weeks after CUMS）of the CUMS group， and the number of rats experiencing the liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome reached the peak in the 16th week （eight weeks after CUMS），accounting for 70% of the total number. Thereafter， the number decreased gradually. The syndrome scores of the 14-， 16-， 18-， 20-， and 22-week-old rats in the Xiaoyaosan group were reduced by 66.6%， 70.7%， 54.8%， 50.4%， and 44.8%， which were graded as effective， marked effective， effective， effective， and effective， respectively. Conclusion:The age of 14-16 weeks（six to eight weeks after CUMS） is considered the stable and reliable time window for depression due to liver depression and spleen deficiency.
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Objective:To explore whether sleep quality suffers in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease(AD)and mild cognitive impairment(MCI), and to further investigate the correlation between sleep disorders and cognitive function in these patients.Methods:In this study, 30 mild AD patients, 39 MCI patients and 43 demographically matched healthy controls were enrolled.Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), and cognitive function was assessed by the mini-mental state examination(MMSE), the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)and a set of neuropsychological scales.The correlation of sleep quality with cognitive function was analyzed for the three groups.Results:Differences were significant in sleep time score[0.0(1.0), 1.0(2.0) vs.1.0(1.0), F=8.18, P=0.02]and daytime function score[1.0(1.0), 1.0(1.0) vs.0.0(1.0), F=8.73, P=0.01]between mild AD, MCI and health control groups.Spearman correlation analysis suggested that scores of sleep disorders were negatively correlated with DSB( r=-0.43, P=0.02)and scores of daytime function were positively correlated with ADL( r=0.39, P=0.03)in patients with mild AD.In addition, scores of sleep quality were negatively correlated with the DSB score( r=-0.40, P=0.01), scores of sleep disorders were positively correlated with ADL( r=0.45, P<0.01), scores of daytime function were negatively correlated with DSF( r=-0.42, P=0.01), DSB( r=-0.62, P<0.01)and VFT-S( r=-0.33, P=0.04), and the total PSQI score was negatively correlated with DSF( r=-0.45, P=0.01)and DSB( r=-0.44, P=0.01)in the MCI group. Conclusions:Patients with mild AD and MCI have longer sleep time and impaired daytime function than healthy people, and sleep quality is correlated with memory, attention and daily living ability in patients with mild AD and MCI.
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Aloin is a small-molecule drug well known for its protective actions in various models of damage. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced cerebral edema from secondary damage caused by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) often leads to an adverse prognosis. Since the role of aloin in maintaining the integrity of the BBB after TBI remains unclear, we explored the protective effects of aloin on the BBB using in vivo and in vitro TBI models. Adult male C57BL/6 mice underwent controlled cortical impact injury, and mouse brain capillary endothelial bEnd.3 cells underwent biaxial stretch injury, then both received aloin treatment. In the animal experiments, we found 20 mg/kg aloin to be the optimum concentration to decrease cerebral edema, decrease disruption of the BBB, and improve neurobehavioral performance after cortical impact injury. In the cellular studies, the optimum concentration of 40 μg/mL aloin reduced apoptosis and reversed the loss of tight junctions by reducing the reactive oxygen species levels and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential after stretch injury. The mechanisms may be that aloin downregulates the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, the activation of p65 nuclear factor-kappa B, and the ratios of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3. We conclude that aloin exhibits these protective effects on the BBB after TBI through its anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic properties in mouse brain capillary endothelial cells. Aloin may thus be a promising therapeutic drug for TBI.
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To summarize the status of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) after mastectomy in Beijing City, Tianjin City and Hebei Province. A retrospective analysis was made on the data of 382 cases with breast cancer who were treated and followed up successfully with immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy from January 2012 to December 2016 in Beijing City, Tianjin City and Hebei Province. Clinic data of the followed-up 382 cases (all female, age (38.5±4.2) years (range: 24 to 70 years)), including general information, tumor information, sugery methods, and treatments after surgery were collected. The survival status, metastasis,complications and prognosis were followed up. Cosmetic effcet was evalated by Harris method, and life quality by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast scale (FACT-B). χ(2) test was used to compare the difference between year 2012 and year 2013 to 2016. Bonferroni method was used to correct the inspection level, which was 0.05/10=0.005. The trend of IBR rate (ratio of IBR to modified radical mastectomy) from 2013 to 2016 was analyzed by trend χ(2) test. There was 46 cases in stage 0, 152 cases in stage Ⅰ, 165 cases in stage Ⅱ, 19 cases in stage Ⅲ. Twenty-five cases was treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 231 by chemotherapy and 35 by radiotherapy. The proportion of implant reconstruction was 48.7% (186/382), more than expanded of 21.5% (82/382), with latissimus dorsi of 12.0% (46/382), TRAM of 8.9% (34/382), DIEP of 2.1% (8/382), and latissimus plus implant of 6.8% (26/382). According to the Harris standard, the excellent and good rate of the cosmetic effect of the reconstructed breast was 93.7%. The score of FACT-B was 108.20±16.9 (range: 67 to 144) 1 year postoperatively. Compared with 2012, the IBR rate was significant increased, till 2015, the IBR rate was 153/10 000 cases (χ(2)=47.028, 0.000). There is a significant increase on IBR rate in Beijing City, Tianjin City and Hebei province by year. Most of cases received IBR is stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ. Implant reconstruction is the main reconstructive method. Postoperative cosmetic effects and quality of life are both meet patients' demon.
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Objective To explore whether the ability of intertemporal choice is impaired in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods Twenty-seven patients with mild cognitive impairment and thirty-five healthy controls were recruited in this study. All subjects completed the " delay-discounting" task and the delayed discount rate (K value) was used to evaluate the patients' decision-making ability. Results (1) The delay discount rate(median=0. 0256,P25=0. 016,P75=0. 100) in mild cognitive impairment patients was higher than that of healthy cotrols(median =0. 006,P25=0. 0025,P75=0. 016). There was significant difference in K-value between the two groups ( Z=-2. 988,P<0. 01). ( 2) Spearman correlation analysis showed that the significant negatively correlation between K-value and digital span forward test (r=-0. 389, P=0. 045) in mild cognitive impairment group. Conclusion The ability of intertemporal choices is impaired in patients with mild cognitive impairment and negatively correlated with attention function.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbs in the treatment of sub-health systematically.@*METHODS@#Nine databases were systematically and extensively searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Chinese herbs in the treatment of sub-health. The outcomes included overall effective rate, main symptoms, quality of life, etc. Literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted according to Cochrane Handbook 5.1. Meta-analysis was conducted to the included literature with Review Manager Software.@*RESULTS@#Seventy-two studies involving 9,296 patients with sub-health were included with 4,908 patients in experimental groups and 4,387 patients in control groups. The overall quality of included clinical research was not high. In the aspect of improving overall effective rate, relieving main symptoms, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score, Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) score, Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14), Cornell Medical Index (CMI) score and discontinuation rate, the effects of experimental groups were better than that of control groups. According to available research reports, adverse reactions in Chinese herb groups were mainly mild gastrointestinal symptoms, which did not affect the treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Chinese herbs have a curative effect in the treatment of sub-health. However, there are no clear criteria for diagnosis and curative effectiveness judgment globally, which would affect the accuracy of curative effect evaluation.
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This study aimed at developing restraint standards for quality and safety of blood transfusion services for blood transfusion administration in clinical blood use, as well as such issues before, during and after transfusion. Such means as literature analysis, blood transfusion adverse event analysis, and system standard interpretation were used to study these issues found in clinical blood use at home and abroad, with key points identified according to the universality, high-prevalence rate, criticality and impact degree. A standard framework is established centering on transfusion service and key points as nodes. Hence a standard text comes into being, comprising four sections and 20 key points.
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To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Xinling Wan on patients with stable angina pectoris, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo parallel-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted. A total of 232 subjects were enrolled and randomly divided into experiment group and placebo group. The experiment group was treated with Xinling Wan (two pills each time, three times daily) for 4 weeks, and the placebo group was treated with placebo. The effectiveness evaluation showed that Xinling Wan could significantly increase the total duration of treadmill exercise among patients with stable angina pectoris. FAS analysis showed that the difference value of the total exercise duration was between experiment group (72.11±139.32) s and placebo group (31.25±108.32) s. Xinling Wan could remarkably increase the total effective rate of angina pectoris symptom score, and the analysis showed that the total effective rate was 78.95% in experiment group and 42.61% in placebo group. The reduction of nitroglycerin dose was (2.45±2.41) tablets in experiment group and (0.50±2.24) tablets in placebo group on the basis of FAS analysis. The decrease of symptom integral was (4.68±3.49) in experiment group and (3.19±3.31) in placebo group based on FAS analysis. Besides, Xinling Wan could decrease the weekly attack time and the duration of angina pectoris. PPS analysis results were similar to those of FAS analysis. In conclusion, Xinling Wan has an obvious therapeutic effect in treating stable angina pectoris, with a good safety and a low incidence of adverse event and adverse reaction in experiment group.
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To evaluate the methodological quality of the randomized controlled trials(RCTs) for traditional Chinese medicines for treatment of sub-health, in order to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of clinical trials and systematic review. Such databases as CNKI, CBM, VIP, Wanfang, EMbase, Medline, Clinical Trials, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTS for traditional Chinese medicines for treatment of sub-health between the time of establishment and February 29, 2016. Cochrane Handbook 5.1 was used to screen literatures and extract data, and CONSORT statement and CONSORT for traditional Chinese medicine statement were adopted as the basis for quality evaluation. Among the 72 RCTs included in this study, 67 (93.05%) trials described the inter-group baseline data comparability, 39(54.17%) trials described the unified diagnostic criteria, 28(38.89%) trials described the unified standards of efficacy, 4 (5.55%) trials mentioned the multi-center study, 19(26.38%) trials disclosed the random distribution method, 6(8.33%) trials used the random distribution concealment, 15(20.83%) trials adopted the method of blindness, 3(4.17%) study reported the sample size estimation in details, 5 (6.94%) trials showed a sample size of more than two hundred, 19(26.38%) trials reported the number of withdrawal, defluxion cases and those lost to follow-up, but only 2 trials adopted the ITT analysis,10(13.89%) trials reported the follow-up results, none of the trial reported the test registration and the test protocol, 48(66.7%) trials reported all of the indicators of expected outcomes, 26(36.11%) trials reported the adverse reactions and adverse events, and 4(5.56%) trials reported patient compliance. The overall quality of these randomized controlled trials for traditional Chinese medicines for treatment of sub-health is low, with methodological defects in different degrees. Therefore, it is still necessary to emphasize the correct application of principles such as blindness, randomization and control in RCTs, while requiring reporting in accordance with international standards.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the second to the fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index (BMI) in infertile men of the Han ethnic group in Ningxia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using anthropometry, we calculated the mean ratio of 2D:4D and BMI of 197 infertile men and 148 normal healthy male controls, followed by analysis of their relationship.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The BMI was correlated positively with the 2D:4D ratio of the left hand in the infertile men (P < 0.05) and in the patients with a higher 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (P < 0.05), but negatively with the 2D:4D ratio of the righ/left (Dr-1) (left: P < 0.01; Dr-l: P < 0.05). The mean 2D: 4D ratio and BMI were both lower in the normal control than in the infertile men, with statistically significant differences in BMI (P < 0.05) and the 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a correlation between the 2D:4D ratio and BMI in infertile men.</p>
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Humans , Male , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Fingers , Infertility, Male , DiagnosisABSTRACT
This study aimed to assess the reliability of experienced Chinese orthodontists in evaluating treatment outcome and to determine the correlations between three diagnostic information sources. Sixty-nine experienced Chinese orthodontic specialists each evaluated the outcome of orthodontic treatment of 108 Chinese patients. Three different information sources: study casts (SC), lateral cephalometric X-ray images (LX) and facial photographs (PH) were generated at the end of treatment for 108 patients selected randomly from six orthodontic treatment centers throughout China. Six different assessments of treatment outcome were made by each orthodontist using data from the three information sources separately and in combination. Each assessment included both ranking and grading for each patient. The rankings of each of the 69 judges for the 108 patients were correlated with the rankings of each of the other judges yielding 13 873 Spearman rs values, ranging from -0.08 to +0.85. Of these, 90% were greater than 0.4, showing moderate-to-high consistency among the 69 orthodontists. In the combined evaluations, study casts were the most significant predictive component (R(2)=0.86, P<0.000 1), while the inclusion of lateral cephalometric films and facial photographs also contributed to a more comprehensive assessment (R(2)=0.96, P<0.000 1). Grading scores for SC+LX and SC+PH were highly significantly correlated with those for SC+LX+PH (r(SC+LX)vs.(SC+LX+PH)=0.96, r(SC+PH)vs.(SC+LX+PH)=0.97), showing that either SC+LX or SC+PH is an excellent substitute for all three combined assessment.
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Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Cephalometry , Reference Standards , China , Models, Dental , Reference Standards , Esthetics, Dental , Malocclusion, Angle Class I , Therapeutics , Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Therapeutics , Malocclusion, Angle Class III , Therapeutics , Orthodontics , Reference Standards , Peer Review, Health Care , Reference Standards , Photography , Reference Standards , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>We have recently reported that RhoA may regulate the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells as an upstream signal of ezrin in vitro. In this study, we examined the relationship of RhoA signaling activity with ezrin expression in breast cancer and its prognostic significance in patients with breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Paraffin tumor sections of breast cancer were collected retrospectively from 487 patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2004. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of RhoA, phosphorylated (activated) RhoA, and ezrin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ezrin overexpression was detectable in 15.2% of 487 invasive breast cancers. The majority (85.1%) of ezrin-overexpressing tumors coexpressed phosphorylated RhoA; 78.8% of tumors with phosphorylated RhoA cooverexpressed ezrin. Patients whose cancers showed overexpression of ezrin or expression of phosphorylated RhoA had shorter survival rates.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RhoA activation is important in human breast cancer due to its upregulation of ezrin; thus, agents that target phosphorylated RhoA may be useful in the treatment of tumors with ezrin overexpression.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Chemistry , Mortality , Cytoskeletal Proteins , Phosphorylation , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Signal Transduction , Physiology , Survival Rate , rhoA GTP-Binding Protein , PhysiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association of pathologic factors with the staging of metastatic lymph node ratio (rN) and metastatic lymph node number (pN), and to provide evidence for reasonable tumor staging in advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological data of 555 patients, who received radical resection for primary tumor of AGC between November 2003 and December 2011 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, were reviewed retrospectively. The clinicopathological factors influencing rN and pN were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Univariate analysis showed that differentiation degree, vascular invasion, tumor diameter, gross type and invasion depth were significantly associated with rN or pN (all P<0.05). Histological type was significantly associated with rN (P<0.05), but not with pN. Logistic regression analysis revealed that vascular invasion, tumor diameter≥4 cm and invasion depth were independent risk factors for lymph node distant metastasis in AGC (all P<0.05). ROC curves showed that rN was consistent with pN in evaluating the diagnostic value of lymph node distant metastasis for tumor staging in AGC (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Vascular invasion tumor diameter≥4 cm and invasion depth are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in AGC based on either metastatic lymph node ratio (rN) or metastatic lymph node number (pN). The rN staging is consistent with the pN staging in evaluating the diagnostic value of metastatic lymph node for tumor staging in AGC.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Dual-axis rotational coronary angiography (DARCA) was developed as an innovative adaptation of rotational angiography (RA), but it requires a longer coronary injection compared to standard coronary angiography (SA). As the body of the average Chinese patient is smaller than that of most western patients, with the same contrast injection time, the risk of complications from the contrast agent is increased in this population. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical safety and efficacy of DARCA in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Chinese population by directly comparing it to SA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred Chinese patients were randomized to either the SA group (n = 100) or DARCA group (n = 100). Contrast utilization, radiation exposure and procedure time were recorded for each modalities. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) pre and post injection symptoms and any arrhythmias were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the SA group, there was a 42% reduction in contrast utilization, 55% reduction in radiation exposure and a 31% shorter procedure time in the DARCA group. In both groups, there were slight declines in the systolic BP values in the left coronary artery (LCA) post injection (P < 0.01). Moreover, post injection HRs for the LCA were also reduced in the DARCA group (P < 0.01). But all of these changes were small, transient and without clinical importance. Only one patient (1%) in the DARCA group had an attack of ventricular tachycardia immediately post injection and it resolved by itself during LCA angiography. No arrhythmias occurred in the SA group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DARCA is a safe, efficient, and clinically comparable alternative to SA in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in the Chinese population with less contrast utilized, which is less radiation exposure and a shorter procedure time than SA.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Pressure , Coronary Angiography , Methods , Coronary Artery Disease , Diagnostic Imaging , Heart Rate , RotationABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>There has been an increase in the incidence of breast cancer in China, but no definite risk and protective factors for breast cancer have been identified in Chinese females. This study was designed to identify the risk factors for female breast cancer in North and East China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 1:3 matched, case-control study was conducted. All of the subjects in the case and control groups were selected from a previous epidemiological survey of 122 058 females aged 25 to 70 years. Single and multiple Logistic regression analyses were used to study potential factors in the development of breast cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant differences at the level of α=0.20 between case and control groups were observed for the following factors: economic status, social status, family annual income, bean product consumption, body mass index (BMI), family history of breast cancer in the first or second degree, number of miscarriages, menstrual pattern, benign breast disease history, nipple leakage, inverted nipple, history of diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension, history of ovarian cyst, physical exercise, current and global quality of life satisfaction, healthy behavior and prevention, and scores of breast cancer-related knowledge. After Cox-regression model analysis (α=0.10), six factors were found to be significantly related to breast cancer, of which the ORs and 95%CIs were: BMI, 1.696 (1.169-2.460, P=0.005); benign breast disease history, 2.672 (0.848-8.416, P=0.093); family history of breast cancer, 7.080 (1.758-28.551, P=0.006); number of miscarriages, 1.738 (1.014-2.978, P=0.044); global quality of life satisfaction, 3.044 (1.804-5.136, P=0.000); healthy behavior and prevention, 3.294 (1.692-6.412, P=0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A comprehensive range of factors related to breast cancer was identified. Women should be educated about a healthy lifestyle, especially those with a family history of breast cancer or a personal history of benign breast disease.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , China , Epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Many epidemiologic and clinical studies have indicated that the frequency of breast cancer was lower in parous women than in nulliparous women. Moreover, the incidence of breast cancer has been reported to be lower in women with early childbirth than in women with late childbirth. To verify the effect of childbirth and the age at first childbirth on carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer, we induced breast cancer by 7,12-dimethylbenanthracene (DMBA) in 120 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and divided them into control or experimental (DMBA-treated) nulliparous, early childbirth, and late childbirth groups to observe the incidence, latency, and size of breast cancer. Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) count and the expression of C-erbB-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, and minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) in breast cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The breast cancer incidences were 95.0%, 16.7%, and 58.8% in the experimental nulliparous, early childbirth, and late childbirth groups, respectively (all P < 0.05). Between any two of these groups, the latency was significantly different, but tumor size was similar. AgNOR count and the expression of C-erbB-2, PCNA, Ki-67, and MCM2 were significantly higher in the experimental nulliparous group than in the experimental early or late childbirth groups (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between the latter two groups. Taken together, the results suggest that childbirth, especially early childbirth, can reduce the incidence and postpone the onset of DMBA-induced breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Antigens, Nuclear , Metabolism , Carcinogens , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Ki-67 Antigen , Metabolism , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental , Metabolism , Pathology , Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 , Nuclear Proteins , Metabolism , Parity , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, ErbB-2 , Metabolism , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The durable presence of polymer coating on drug-eluting stent (DES) surface may be one of the principal reasons for stent thrombosis. The long-term coronary arterial response to biodegradable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stent (BSES) in vivo remained unclear.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one patients were enrolled in this study and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) was performed to assess the native artery vascular responses to BSES compared with durable polymer-coated SES (DSES) during long-term follow-up (median: 8 months). The incidence of necrotic core abutting to the lumen was evaluated at follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With similar in-stent late luminal loss (0.15 mm (0.06-0.30 mm) vs. 0.19 mm (0.03-0.30 mm), P = 0.772), the overall incidence of necrotic core abutting to the lumen was significantly less in BSES group than in DSES group (44% vs. 63%, P < 0.05) (proximal 18%, stented site 14% and distal 12% in BSES group, proximal 19%, stented site 28% and distal 16% in DSES group). The DSES-treated segments had a significant higher incidence of necrotic core abutting to the lumen through the stent struts (73% vs. 36%, P < 0.01). In addition, more multiple necrotic core abutting to the lumen was observed in DSES group (overall: 63% vs. 36%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, when the stented segments with necrotic core abutting to the lumen had been taken into account only, DSES-treated lesions tended to contain more multiple necrotic core abutting to the lumen through the stent struts than BSES-treated lesions (74% vs. 33%), although there was no statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.06).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>By VH-IVUS analysis at follow-up, a greater frequency of stable lesion morphometry was shown in lesions treated with BSESs compared with lesions treated with DSESs. The major reason was BSES produced less toxicity to the arterial wall and facilitated neointimal healing as a result of polymer coating on DES surface biodegraded as time went by.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Disease , Diagnostic Imaging , Therapeutics , Coronary Vessels , Diagnostic Imaging , Drug-Eluting Stents , Sirolimus , Therapeutic Uses , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the risk factors of stroke-associated infection (SAI)and their correlation with immunodepression.Methods One hundred fourteen consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted with 24 hours after symptom onset were enrolled.They were divided into infection (n =45) and non-infection (n =69) groups according to whether they had infection or not within 7 days after admission.Automatic blood analyzer and flow cytometry were used to measure the peripheral blood lymphocyte count and T lymphocyte subsets on the day of admission.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the related risk factors for SAI.Results There were statistical significances in vomiting,disturbance of consciousness,dysphagia,indwelling gastric tube,indwelling catheter on admission,and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 0-3 days after admission between the infection and non-infection groups.Further more,the numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes,CD3 + and CD4 + T lymphocytes in the infection group were significantly lower than those in the non-infection group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that dysphagia,the increased NIHSS score 3 days after admission,and the decreased numbers of CD4 + T lymphocytes were the independent risk factors for SAI.Conclusions The T lymphocyte immune function decreased in patients with SAI.It was the result of the combined action of various factors.Targeted prevention and treatment should be taken to reduce the occurrence of SAI.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>The role of adjuvant radiotherapy to the regional nodes in women with T1 to T2 breast cancer and one to three positive nodes is controversial. This study compared and analyzed the prognosis of patients with T1-T2 breast cancer with one to three positive nodes after modified radical mastectomy with or without postoperative radiotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cases of 434 women patients with T1 to T2 breast cancer with one to three positive lymph nodes after modified radical mastectomy were reviewed, of which 196 patients received postoperative radiotherapy and 238 patients did not. The ipsilateral chest wall and supraclavicular fossa were irradiated with doses of 46-50 Gy in 23-25 fractions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For all patients, the 3- and 5-year rates of overall survival (OS) were 94.7% and 85.7% respectively, local control (LC) 96.5% and 95.6%;, and disease-free survival (DFS) 89.3% and 82.3% respectively. The 3- and 5-year OS rates for patients without radiotherapy were 92.7% and 97.1% and for those with radiotherapy were 82.4% and 89.2%, both with significant differences (P = 0.039). The 3- and 5-year LC rates for patients without radiotherapy were 94.8% and 98.4% and for those with radiotherapy were 93.6% and 97.7%, again with significant differences (P = 0.041). The 3- and 5-year DFS rates for patients without radiotherapy were 87.8% and 91.3% and for patients with radiotherapy were 78.5% vs 86.1% (P = 0.047).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Postoperative radiotherapy confers better rates of OS, LC, and DFS in patients with T1 to T2 breast cancer with one to three positive nodes after modified radical mastectomy.</p>