Therapeutic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid-berberine supramolecular nanoparticles on ulcerative colitis based on supramolecular system induced by weak bond / 中国中药杂志

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a recurrent, intractable inflammatory bowel disease. Coptidis Rhizoma and Bovis Calculus, serving as heat-clearing and toxin-removing drugs, have long been used in the treatment of UC. Berberine(BBR) and ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA), the main active components of Coptidis Rhizoma and Bovis Calculus, respectively, were employed to obtain UDCA-BBR supramolecular nanoparticles by stimulated co-decocting process for enhancing the therapeutic effect on UC. As revealed by the characterization of supramolecular nanoparticles by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and dynamic light scattering(DLS), the supramolecular nanoparticles were tetrahedral nanoparticles with an average particle size of 180 nm. The molecular structure was described by ultraviolet spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance(H-NMR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the formation of the supramolecular nano-particle was attributed to the mutual electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction between BBR and UDCA. Additionally, supramolecular nanoparticles were also characterized by sustained release and pH sensitivity. The acute UC model was induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in mice. It was found that supramolecular nanoparticles could effectively improve body mass reduction and colon shortening in mice with UC(P<0.001) and decrease disease activity index(DAI)(P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences between the supramolecular nanoparticles group and the mechanical mixture group(P<0.001, P<0.05). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6), and the results showed that supramolecular nanoparticles could reduce serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels(P<0.001) and exhibited an obvious difference with the mechanical mixture group(P<0.01, P<0.05). Flow cytometry indicated that supramolecular nanoparticles could reduce the recruitment of neutrophils in the lamina propria of the colon(P<0.05), which was significantly different from the mechanical mixture group(P<0.05). These findings suggested that as compared with the mechanical mixture, the supramolecular nanoparticles could effectively improve the symptoms of acute UC in mice. The study provides a new research idea for the poor absorption of small molecules and the unsatisfactory therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine and lays a foundation for the research on the nano-drug delivery system of traditional Chinese medicine.

Study on the substance basis of "property-taste-efficacy" of Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis based on supramolecular system induced by weak bond / 药学学报

It is a common understanding that turbidity and precipitation of traditional Chinese medicine are easy to occur in the process of decocting. At present, our research group found that the cause of "multi-phase of traditional Chinese medicine decoction" mainly came from the interaction between the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, especially the interaction of acid and base components. For example, the Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis was a supramolecular system formed by a large number of active components in the decoction (>30%), and could stably exist in the decoction system. In this study, the supramolecular part was extracted, and the morphology of the supramolecular part was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. It was observed that the supramolecular particles were uniform in size and regular in shape. The main components of supramolecular sites were identified by liquid mass spectrometry (LC-MSn). The results of UV and IR spectra showed that the chemical components of Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis in the co-decocting process collided with each other, and weak bonds were formed between the functional groups of the molecules, which then induced the aggregation to form supramolecules. Thereafter, Through the diarrhea model of mice, sensory evaluation and antibacterial activity evaluation found that Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis decocted together enhanced the antibacterial activity of Rhizoma, and compatibility "reconcile" Rhizoma "big bitter cold" property compared with single decoction group and interval administration group. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and the relevant regulations of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine on experimental animals were strictly followed. In this study, supramolecular chemistry method was used to preliminarily discuss the scientific connotation of "increasing efficiency and decreasing toxicity" of Liquorice and Rhizoma chinensis combined decoction from three perspectives of "property, efficacy and taste", and provide new ideas for the basic research of "reconcile" compatibility of Liquorice.

Protective effect and mechanism of Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills on cerebral apoplexy rats / 中国中药杂志

To study the protective effect of Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills on ischemic stroke rats. Ninety 4-weeks-old SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=15):sham operation group, model group, nimodipine group(12 mg·kg~(-1)), Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills high-dose group(400 mg·kg~(-1)), Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills medium-dose group(200 mg·kg~(-1)), Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills low-dose group(100 mg·kg~(-1)).The permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model(PMCAO) was established in the model group, nimodipine group, and Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills groups by the improved thread plug method, while the sham operation group did not insert the thread plug.Nimodipine group and Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills groups were given intragastric administration once a day for 24 days before the modeling operation, and once 1 hour before the modeling operation, while sham operation group and model group were given equal volumes of distilled water.The neuroethology of the surviving rats was measured; The volume of cerebral infarction in rats was measured by TTC method; The histopathology of rat brain was observed by HE method; The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) in serum were detected by ELISA;The mRNA expressions of Notch 1,Jagged 1,Hes 1 and Bcl-2 in rat brain were detected by RT-PCR;Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of caspase-3 protein in rat brain; the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and CD34 positive cells in rat brain were detected by immunofluorescence.The low, medium and high dose groups of Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills and nimodipine group could significantly reduce the neurobehavioral score and cerebral infarction volume of rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, reduce the morphological changes of nerve cells, decrease the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in rat serum, increase the activity of SOD and CAT,and reduce the level of MDA.Furthermore, the expression levels of Notch l, Jagged l, Hes l and Bcl-2 mRNA were significantly increased, and the expression level of caspase-3 protein was decreased.Meanwhile, the number of VEGF and CD34 positive cells increased in the treatment group.The differences were statistically significant. Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pills has a protective effect on ischemic stroke rats, and its mechanism may be related to anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, promotion of nerve cell proliferation, inhibition nerve cell apoptosis and promotion of angiogenesis.

Research progress on improvement of functions of small molecular compounds of traditional Chinese medicine based on supramolecular properties of hyaluronic acid / 药学学报

Hyaluronic acid is widely used in biomaterials, cosmetics, clinical medicine and other fields due to its good biocompatibility, degradability, hydrophilicity, tumor targeting, viscosity and other characteristics. Pharmacodynamic activities of natural small molecular products which derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are significant, but their low solubility and poor targeting limit the clinical application. Based on supramolecular properties of hyaluronic acid, in this review, numerous studies were reviewed on the improvement of solubility, bioavailability, targeting and suitable dosage forms of small molecular compounds in TCM by domestic and foreign scholars using hyaluronic acid as carrier. It provides new ideas and inspirations for exploring the potential application value of small molecule compounds in TCM and even for the research and development of new drugs.

Based on weak bond chemistry, the interaction mechanism between glycyrrhiza protein and berberine in water decocting process of Rhizoma Coptidis and Liquorice was investigated / 药学学报

The purpose of this study was to explore the interaction mechanism between glycyrrhiza protein and berberine in the decocting process of Rhizoma Coptidis and Liquorice and its effect on the pharmacodynamic effect. In this experiment, licorice crude protein was obtained from licorice decoction pieces, and it was found that licorice crude protein and berberine could form spherical supramolecular particles after decocting together. Morphological characterization was carried out by using Malvin particle size analyzer and emission scanning electron microscopy, and the supramolecular particles were observed to be nanoscale, which was significantly different from the morphology of licorice protein and berberine. The results of ultraviolet, infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the mechanism of molecular interaction was induced by weak bonds such as electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of berberine was significantly affected by the supramolecular particles of licorice protein-berberine, which were significantly different from the mechanical mixture. This study reveals the pharmacological value of macromolecular substances such as proteins in the decoction of licorice and Coptis chinensis from a new perspective, which is helpful to promote the secondary development of clinical effective prescriptions, especially the research on the pharmacological substance basis of classic famous prescriptions.

The mechanism of toxicity enhancement with the combination of Flos Genkwa and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae based on the solubilization of glycyrrhizic acid / 药学学报

In order to study the contraindications of the compatibility of Flos Genkwa-Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae, in this study, the solubilizing and poisoning essence were explored. In this experiment, chromatographic assay, field emission scanning electron microscopy, MTT cytotoxicity evaluation, and other methods were used to study the main chemical components, morphology and toxicity of the ethyl acetate part of Flos Genkwa and its co-decoction with glycyrrhizic acid, in order to clarify Flos Genkwa-Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae incompatibility provides a new idea for the research on incompatibility of Flos Genkwa-Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae. The results showed that after co-decoction of the ethyl acetate part of Flos Genkwa with glycyrrhizic acid, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected the dissolution of the toxic component yuanhuacine of 54.8%, while yuanhuacine chromatographic peak was not detected in the Flos Genkwa ethyl acetate part of the single decoction. The increase of co-decoction dissolution rate was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that glycyrrhizic acid uniformly dispersed the fat-soluble components of Flos Genkwa into nano-scale particles, which improved the solubility and stability in the solution. Furthermore, the results of cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the survival rate of cells decreased after co-decoction, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining also gave the same results. In summary, the co-decoction of the ethyl acetate part of Flos Genkwa with glycyrrhizic acid promotes the dissolution of the toxic component yuanhuacine, and makes the part form uniformly distributed nanoparticles, which is conducive to the absorption of the ingredient and increases the toxicity.

Clinical diagnosis and treatment features of Maisonneuve fracture and analysis of clinical outcome of 15 patients / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical diagnosis and treatment features of Maisonneuve fractures (maisonneuve fractures of the fibula, MFF), and evaluate its clinical effects.@*METHODS@#From March 2017 to June 2018, 15 patients with MFF were treated with operation, including 9 males and 6 females, aged from 27 to 54 years old with an average of (35.00±7.46) years old, the time from injury to operation ranged from 5 to 8 days with an average of (6.33±1.04) days. All the fractures were fresh and closed injury. The time of bone union and postoperative complications were observed, and AOFAS score was used to evaluate recovery of ankle joint function at 12 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from12 to 28 months with an average of (17.00±3.79) months. Four patients were misdiagnosed. All fractures were obtained bone union from 4 to 6 months with an average of (4.80±0.94) months. No postoperative complications such as infection, delayed union or nonunion occurred. Postoperative AOFAS score at 12 months was 90.23±7.27, among which 9 patients got excellent result, 3 good, and 3 fair.@*CONCLUSION@#Maisonneuve fracture is an unstable fracture. High fibular fracture and the separation of the lower tibia and fibula could be easily neglected, which could lead to misdiagnosis and missed care. Surgical treatment could recover anatomical relation of the lower tibia and fibula and ankle mortise, and obtain satisfying clinical effect.

Synthesis and identification of nanosilver-hybridized PLGA microsphere loaded with simvastatin / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To prepare nanosilver-hybridized polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) microspheres loaded with simvastatin (SIM), and to evaluate its sustained release effect in vitro. Methods:The emulsification-solvent evaporation method was used to prepare SIM-loaded PLGA microspheres. Silk fibroin (SF) was used to modify the surface of SIM-loaded PLGA microspheres by hydrophobic interaction. Then, the microspheres were continually modified by electrostatic adsorption to chitosan (CTS) and nano-silver (AgNPs) to prepare SF-AgNPs-CTS-SF-SIM-PLGA microspheres. Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, energy spectrometer, Zeta potential meter were used to analyze the SIM-loaded microspheres. The external release properties of the SIM-loaded microspheres were also investigated.Results:The average diameter of the prepared PLGA microspheres was about 9.67 μm. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy spectroscopy showed that the AgNPs-CTS-SF-SIM-PLGA microspheres have been successfully constructed. The Zeta potential results indicated that the SIM-loaded microspheres were all in a stable state. The in vitro release results showed that the SF-AgNPs-CTS-SF-SIM-PLGA microspheres had a good in vitro release effect, could delay the drug release rate and prolong the drug release time. Conclusions:The SF-AgNPs-CTS-SF-SIM-PLGA microspheres have antibacterial and osteogenic effects, and exhibit a good in vitro release effect. They can be used for local sustained-release administration in the oral cavity, which make makes them potentially useful in the treatment of periodontitis.

Analysis of clinical effect of Xiaosui Huahe decoction for the treatment of 130 patients with giant lumbar intervertebral disc herniation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effect of conservative treatment for giant lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and analyze the factors affecting its resorption.@*METHODS@#From January 2013 to December 2016, the clinical data of 130 patients with giant lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were collected. The patients were classified according to the characteristics of Iwabuchi displacement and "bull eye sign", Xiaosui Huahe decoction of traditional Chinese medicine conservative treatment was used in the patients. There were 93 males and 37 females, aged from 15 to 64 years old with an average of(37.11±13.96) years old; with the disease duration ranging from 1 day to 8 years with an average of(11.82±20.45) months. Rate of intervertebral disc herniation was measured by Futian's method, and clinical effect was evaluated by JOA score.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up from 13 to 48 months with an average of(21.45±11.87) months, and there were no significant differences in follow-up time between different imaging types(>0.05). The absorption rate 95 patients with persistent conservative treatment was(44.08±35.70)%. The absorption rate of Iwabuchi displacement positive group and "bull eye sign" positive group was significantly higher than the average value(<0.05). The rate of excellent and good JOA scores in 95 patients was 78.95%, 81.05% and 78.95% at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, respectively(<0.05). Finally 35 patients accepted surgical treatment, the rate of excellent and good JOA scores was 100% at 3, 6, 12 months after treatment(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The clinical effect of Xiaosui Huahe decoction conservative treatment is satisfactory for giant lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Patients with Iwabuchi displacement and "bull's eye sign" had significant herniation resorption.

Optimization of the extraction process of main effective components in Lycii Fructus by central composite design-response surface method / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To optimize the extraction process of effective components in Lycii Fructus using central composite design(CCD)-response surface method(RSM). Methods: The yield of main effective components, polysaccharides, flavonoids, rutin and chlorogenic acid as well as the yield of total extract were used as indicator for evaluating the effect of extraction solvent, extraction time, solid- liquid ratio, extraction temperature and other factors. The single factor experiment was conducted to determine the range of various factor parameters, the factor design experiment was performed for the screening of the factors that had significant influence on the extraction efficiency of effective components, the maximum velocity rise experiment was carried out to determine the central value of the factors, and finally the optimal extraction process was optimized by the central composite design- response surface methodology. Results: The optimum extraction conditions of Lycii Fructus were obtained as follows: the extraction with 60% aqueous ethanol solution by ultrasound sonication at room temperature for 40.5 minutes, and the solid- liquid ratio was 1:27. Conclusion: The present optimal extraction process could effectively improve the extraction efficacy of effective components from Lycii Fructus, and the created CCD-RSM model and related conditions have good predictability and repeatability, which provides experimental and theoretical reference for further development and research of Lycii Fructus.

Resource Investigation and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in Hasi Mountain Nature Reserve of Gansu Province / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the wild medicinal plant species and utilization of Hasi mountain nature reserve,in order to provide the references for reasonable utilization and protection of the medicinal plant resources in this area. Method:The survey was conducted based on the technical scheme of the Fourth National Survey on Chinese Material Medica Resources. By consulting literature,collecting medicinal plants specimen and visiting survey area,researchers collected and summarized the wild medicinal plant species, and analyzed the results of reserves. Result:The results showed 7 varieties in 247 kinds of wild medicinal plants in Hasi mountain nature reserve,which belonged to 161 genera in 61 families;by the medicinal parts of all wild medicinal plants,the whole plant of a total of 124 species could be used,accounting for 48.82% of the total species,by traditional Chinese medicine efficacy, antipyretic herbs were the majority,accounting for 32.68% of the total. In addition,there were 8 kinds of rare and endangered wild medicinal plants,such as Ephedra sinica,Gentiana dahurica and Epipactis helleborine. Conclusion:Hasi mountain nature reserve has rich wild medicinal plant resources,and is an important part of medicinal plant resources and protection areas of Jingyuan county and Loess Plateau. However, because they are serious affected by incontinent excavation and insect pest,efforts shall be made in scientific protection and rational development.

Effects of EZH2 inhibitor DZNeP on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To observe the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and to investigate the epigenetic regulation of EZH2 inhibitor DZNeP on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Methods The hPDLSCs were isolated and cultured, and their proliferation under different concentrations of DZNeP (0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 μmol/L) was detected by MTT. The effects of DZNeP on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs were observed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining. The effect of DZNeP on the trimethylation of histone H3K27 in hPDLSCs was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results Compared with the control group, the proliferation of hPDLSCs after 1, 2, 5 and 10 μmol/L DZNeP treatment for 48 h was significantly decreased, respectively (all P<0.05), and it was concentration-dependent. The result of ALP staining and alizarin red staining showed that DZNeP could promote the expression of early osteogenic markers ALP and the formation of advanced calcified nodules of hPDLSCs. The immunofluorescence staining result showed that the trimethylation fluorescence intensity of histone H3K27 was significantly decreased in the DZNeP group compared with the control group. Conclusions As an EZH2 inhibitor, DZNeP can inhibit the proliferation of hPDLSCs and promote the differentiation of hPDLSCs into osteoblasts in vitro, suggesting that DZNeP can be used as a potential small molecule drug for the treatment of periodontitis.

Synthesis and Application of A Flavone-based Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Hydrazine / 分析化学

A fluorescence enhancement probe (ZY8) for the detection of N2H4was designed and synthesized by employing 3-hydroxyflavone as a fluorophore,and its spectral properties had been investigated. The results showed that ZY8 had relatively good selectivity and specificity to N2H4in Tris-HCl-ethanol solution (9:1, V/V, pH 7.40). The fluorescent intensity of ZY8 exhibited good linear relationship with concentration of N2H4in the concentration range of 1.6×10-7mol/L-6.2×10-5mol/L,and its detection limit was estimated to be 1. 6×10-7mol/L. ZY8 itself had weak fluorescence, upon addition of N2H4, an approximate 9-fold fluorescence enhancement was observed, and the color of the solution changed from light grayish green to bright grass-green at UV light of 365 nm. So ZY8 might be used to the visual recognition of N2H4. ZY8 could detect N2H4in near-physiological pH range, and it had fast response and strong anti-interference ability. Moreover,ZY8 could be loaded as test paper for naked-eye detection of N2H4at mmol/L level in water solution,and it was also applied in the determination of N2H4in various water samples by the standard addition recovery experiments, with the recovery ratio ranged from 96.0% to 104.2% %, and RSD of all< 4%. The results of this study demonstrated that ZY8 had potential application to the detection of N2H4in the monitoring of environmental pollution.

The role of miR-301b in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation / 天津医药

Objective To examine the effect of miR-301b in the regulating the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes.Methods Murine ST2 stromal cells were isolated,cultured and induced with adipogenic agents.The expression of miR-301b was detected by qRT-PCR in adipogenic differentiation group and control group.Stromal ST2 cells were transfected with miR-301b mimics followed by adipogenic treatment.qRT-PCR and Western blotting were conducted to detect the changes of adipocyte specific genes and protein expression levels in the miR-301b mimics transfection group and negative control(NC)transfection group. Results qRT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-301b was decreased after adipogenic treatment in ST2 cells.The relative expression level of miR-301b was less in the adipogenic differentiation group (0.219 ± 0.021) than that of the control group (1.000 ± 0.425, P<0.05). The relative expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ(PPARγ),CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α(C/EBPα)and adipocyte fatty acid binding proteins(aP2)were lower in the miR-301b mimics transfecting group than those in the NC transfecting group(P<0.05).The protein levels of the marker gene aP2 and transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα decreased in miR-310b mimics transfecting group compared with those of the NC transfecting group (P<0.05). Conclusion miR-301b can reduce adipocyte differentiation.

Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Codonopsis Radix / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the physiological characteristics of Codonopsis Radix under drought stress; To reveal the physiological mechanism of Codonopsis Radix in response to drought stress. Methods Method of pot experiment was used to set up 4 water treatments: normal water supply, mild stress, moderate stress and severe stress. Through the determination of leaf relative water content, cell membrane permeability, osmotic adjustment contents and protective enzyme activity, the effects of drought stress on physiological characteristics of Codonopsis Radix were studied. Results With the drought stress increased, the chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll content and leaf relative water content of Codonopsis Radix decreased, but chlorophyll b had no obvious change; The conductivity increased first and then decreased; MDA contents increased first and then decreased and then increased; There was no significant change in the rate of superoxide anion production; POD and CAT activity increased; SOD had no significant change; The proline content increased first and then decreased; soluble sugar decreased; soluble protein had no significant change. Conclusion Under the condition of drought stress, by increasing the content of proline to regulate cell osmotic potential, Codonopsis Radixcan increase the antioxidant enzyme activity to reduce membrane lipid peroxidation damage to cells.

Logistic regression analysis on the outcome predictive factors of ruptured lumbar disc herniation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the outcome predictive factors of ruptured lumbar disc herniation after conservative treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2009 to June 2016, 147 patients with ruptured lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were treated with conservative treatment in the orthopedics department of Suzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital for clinical efficacy and MRI follow-up. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis(Stepwise regression method)was used to analyze the relationship between the 11 categorical variables and absorptivity of protrusions: sex(X1), age(X2), course of disease(X3) , the rate of protrusion(X4), the Komori type(X5), the MSU type(X6), the Iwabuchi type(X7), the Pfirrmann grade(X8), the Modic change on adjacent vertebrae(X9), spinal canal morphology(X10), the Schizas types of cauda equina sedimentation sign(X11).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 64 cases of prominent reabsorption among all cases followed-up (absorption rate>=30%), accounting for 43.5%. The reabsorption of protrusions is more likely to occur in patients with a duration of less than 1 year(0.006), MSU type 3 (0.001), Iwabuchi type 1 or 5 (0.000), the Schizas type of cauda equina sedimentation sign A or B(0.004). Regression equation Y=-10.363+1.916X3+1.446X4-1.445X5+2.070X6+4.679X7+1.125X9+1.023X10+2.223X11. Such factors as age, gender, Pfirrmann classification and spinal canal morphology had no significant effect on reabsorption of protrusions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ruptured lumbar disc herniation can be reabsorbed after nonoperative treatment. And the reabsorption of protrusions is more likely to occur in patients with a duration of less than 1 year, MSU type 3, Iwabuchi type 1 or 5, the Schizas type of cauda equina sedimentation sign A or B, which can be used as the key reference factors for predicting the outcome of the projections.</p>

Analysis of commercial grades of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus based on schisantherin / 中国中药杂志

Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus, from different producing areas, were collected and divided into three grades. The moisture content and total ash were determined on the basis of the pharmacopoeia method, and schisantherin was determined by UPLC. The study is aimed to find the commercial specifications and grades of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus based on schisantherin content. The results showed that the content of water, total ash and schisantherin of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus from different producing areas qualified. There was no significant difference between different grades of schisandrin content, but the second-class were the highest, first-class and third-class were lower. It means that schisandrin content is not positive correlation to commercial grade. The study will be helpful to the production, management and clinical practice of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus.

Prediction of the potential distribution of Tibetan medicinal Lycium ruthenicum in context of climate change / 中国中药杂志

To predict the suitable distribution patterns of Lycium ruthenicum in the present and future under the background of climate change, and provide reference for the resources sustainable utilization and GAP standardized planting. The software of Maxent and ArcGis was used to predict the potential suitable regions and grades of L. ruthenicum in China based on the 149 distribution information, climate data of contemporary (1950-2000) and future (20-80 decade of 21 century), and considering of three greenhouse gaseous emission scenario. The results showed that：the suitable distribution regions of L. ruthenicum are mainly concentrated in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Neimenggu, and Ningxia province in present. In addition, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Xizang are also distribution regions.The suitable distribution area of L. ruthenicum is 284.506 949×104 km2, accounted for 29.6% of the land area of China.The relatively stable area of the suitable regions accounted for 25.2% of the total suitable region area.Under the background of climate change, compared with contemporary, the total area of suitable region is reducing and moderately suitable area is increasing at different degree at the 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 decade of 21 century. Climate change both can change the total area of suitable regions and habitat suitability of L. ruthenicum. It could provide a strategic guidance for protection, development and utilization of L. ruthenicum though the prediction of potential suitable regions distribution of L. ruthenicum based on the mainly factor of climate change.

Medial Canthoplasty Combined with Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy for the Treatment of Delayed Medial Telecanthal Deformity / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Rupture of the medial canthal ligament can be caused by many events. It remains a challenge to rebuild the drainage system and restore the function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of medial canthoplasty combined with conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) in patients with medial telecanthal deformities and lacrimal drainage system damage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two patients (22 eyes) treated with medial canthoplasty and CDCR during June 2012 to June 2014 were included in this retrospective study. For all patients, a self-tapping, titanium, low-profile head microscrew was drilled into the solid bone on the posterior aspect of the anterior lacrimal crest at the attachment position of the medial canthal ligament. Medpor-coated tear drainage tubes were applied. Distance of patient's lateral displacement before and after operation was recorded and compared. The complications of CDCR were described.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before the surgery, distance of patient's canthal displacement was 4-6 mm. The canthal distance between two eyes of patients with surgery was 1 mm or less. Among patients with CDCR, four patients had proximal obstruction and two patients had distal obstruction. Five patients had tube malposition, for example, tube extrusion 1-3 months after surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Medial canthoplasty combined with CDCR is an effective surgical method for treatment of patients with medial telecanthal deformity and lacrimal drainage system obstruction. The study indicates that medial canthoplasty combined with CDCR surgery rebuilds normal appearance of eyelid and contour of the medial canthus and successfully repairs the function of the lacrimal drainage system.</p>

Root canal morphology and root variation of the mandibular first premolar: A study by cone-beam computed tomography / 医学研究生学报

Objective Few studies are reported on the radicular groove and root canal variation of the mandibular first premolar.This study aimed to observe the root canal system and root variation of the mandibular first premolar by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods We selected CBCT images of 643 mandibular first premolars of 336 patients and subjected the data obtained to statistical analysis.Results Of the 643 mandibular first premolars, 637 (99.1％) had a single root and the other 6 had double roots;502 (78.1％) had a single root canal, 133 (20.7％) had two, 5 (0.78％) had three, and 3 (0.47％) presented C-shaped root canal morphology.The average length of the 643 mandibular first premolars was (13.2±1.5) mm and the mean distance from the apical foramen to the anatomical apical end of the root was (0.93±0.35) mm.Totally, 123 (19.1％) of the mandibular first premolars had a radicular groove, of which 94 (76.4％) had double root canals and the root canal systems included typesⅠ in 24 (19.5％), Ⅱ in 2 (1.6％), Ⅲ in 19 (15.4％), Ⅳ in 1 (0.8％), Ⅴ in 69 (56.1％), and Ⅶ in 3 (2.4％).Conclusion The root canal system of the mandibular first premolar has a significant variation.CBCT can reveal the complex anatomical structure of the mandibular first premolar and provide reliable evidence for the root canal treatment.