Role of TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway in renal interstitial fibrosis after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the role of thioredoxin interaction protein (TXNIP)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway in renal interstitial fibrosis induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice.Methods:Adult male C57BL/6J mice aged 6 to 8 weeks and TXNIP knockout mice with the same genetic background were selected. The wild type mice were divided into the sham operation (Sham) group and renal IRI group. The TXNIP knockout mice were divided into the sham+TXNIP KO group and IRI+TXNIP KO group, with 12 mice in each group. The model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by clamping bilateral renal pedicles for 45 min and then restoring perfusion. The sham operation model was only dissociated bilateral renal arteries without other treatment. Blood creatinine, urea nitrogen, kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), blood transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured on the 1st, 7th and 28th days after reperfusion. The renal cortex was taken on the 1st and 28th days for Masson staining, in which the renal tubule-interstitial injury score was obtained. TGF-β and IL-6 mRNA expression were detected by qPCR, TXNIP, NLRP3, Pro-IL-1β, IL-1β and α-SMA protein expression were detected by Western blot, and MDA and SOD levels were detected by ELISA. Homogeneity test of variance was performed before the statistics of normal distribution measurement data, one-way ANOVA was used for the comparison between multiple groups, and LSD- t test was used for the comparison between the two groups. Results:On the 1st, 7th and 28th days after IRI, compared with the sham group, the Scr, BUN, Kim-1, NGAL, TGF-β and IL-6 were increased continuously in the IRI group ( P<0.05). On the 28th day after IRI, large areas of collagen fibers and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the renal interstitium of the IRI group. In the IRI group, the scores of renal tubular injury and renal interstitial fibrosis on the 28th day were significantly higher than those on the 1st day (all P<0.05). On the 1st, 7th and 28th days after IRI, compared with the IRI group, the levels of Scr, BUN, Kim-1, NGAL, TGF-β and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the IRI+TXNIP KO group (all P<0.05). On the 1st and 28th days after IRI, compared to the IRI group, the areas of collagen fibers and inflammatory cell infiltration in the renal interstitium of the IRI+TXNIP KO group were decreased. The renal tubule injury score [Day 1, (192.2 ± 62.4) vs. (103.2 ± 49.1); Day 28, (154.3 ± 93.6) vs. (64.3 ± 24.8), both P<0.05] and interstitial fibrosis score [Day 1, (7.3 ± 3.2) vs. (4.8 ± 1.7); Day 28, (12.8 ± 3.9) vs. (2.3 ± 0.8), both P<0.05] were all decreased. The expression of TGF-β, IL-6 mRNA, TXNIP, NLRP3, Pro-IL-1 β, IL-1 β and α-SMA protein in renal cortex were significantly decreased (both P<0.05). In renal cortex, MDA level was decreased and SOD level was increased (all P<0.05). Conclusions:TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway is involved in the development of renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis after renal ischemia and reperfusion. Knockout or inhibition of TXNIP can inhibit the progression of acute renal injury to chronic renal disease.

Effect of Sinisan on NLRP3 Inflammasomes and Depression-like Behaviors in Depressed Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Sinisan on behaviors and NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasomes of depressed rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） and further explore the anti-depressant mechanism of Sinisan. MethodFifty male rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， an NLRP3 inhibitor （MCC950） group （10 mg·kg-1）， and low- （2.5 g·kg-1） and high-dose （5 g·kg-1） Sinisan groups， with 10 rats in each group. The depression model was induced by 42 d CUMS in rats except for those in the normal group. Drug intervention was performed on the 22nd day of modeling by gavage in the Sinisan groups and by intraperitoneal injection in the MCC950 group. Except for the MCC950 group， the remaining four groups received 10 mg·kg-1 physiological saline by intraperitoneal injection， while the rats in the model group， the normal group， and the MCC950 group were administered with 3 mL of physiological saline by gavage. Twenty-one days later， the sucrose preference test and open field test were performed. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba1）， and CD68 in the hippocampus of rats in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） in the hippocampus of rats. Nissl staining and TUNEL were used to assess the pathological changes and apoptosis level in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats， respectively. ResultThe sucrose preference rate and consumption volume in the sucrose preference test， the total distance， the percentage of central movement distance， and the percentage of residence time in the open field test of rats in the model group were lower than those in the normal group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Sinisan groups and the MCC950 group showed improved depression-like behaviors， apoptosis level in the hippocampal CA1 region， and neuron loss to varying degrees. Sinisan could reduce the levels of IL-1β， IL-18， Bax， Iba1， and CD68 in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increase the level of Bcl-2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and inhibit the protein expression of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 related to NLRP3 inflammasomes （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSinisan can improve the depression-like behaviors and pathological damage of hippocampal neurons in CUMS-induced rats， and the mechanism may be related to the inflammatory response mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.

Pleurodesis with an Autologous Blood Patch in the Treatment of Persistent Air Leak after Lung Resection / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and risks of autologous blood patch pleurodesis in patients with persistent air leak(PAL)after lung resection. Methods A total of 97 patients with PAL after lung resection in Beijing Shijitan Hospital from October 2014 to October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed,including 53 treated by autologous blood patch pleurodesis and 44 by the conventional way.The therapeutic effect,adverse reactions and complications were analyzed. Results All the patients with PAL were cured with autologous blood patch pleurodesis.Most air leaks(81.1%)ceased within 48 hours after treatment,and the left 18.9% patients got cured after a repeat.The mean tube retention time and the mean in-hospital stay were 8.4 days and 10.0 days in the autologous blood patch pleurodesis group and 13.5 days and 15.3 days in the conventional treatment group.A prolonged drainage time(P=0.00)and in-hospital stay(P=0.00)were observed in the conventional treatment group.No severe complications were observed except two patients developed slight fever and cutaneous emphysema. Conclusion In our experience,the autologous blood patch pleurodesis is an effective way with low risk of adverse reactions in the treatment of PAL.

Extraperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy through single incision: Establishment and application of a modified channel / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To assess the feasibility and validity of the establishment of a modified channel for extraperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) through single incision.@*METHODS@#From November 2020 to January 2021, 35 cases of localized PCa were treated by extraperitoneal RARP through single incision in our center. All the operations were performed by the same surgeon, none via the multichannel port for the establishment of the channel. We recorded and analyzed the intra- and postoperative parameters, operation cost, complications, pathological findings and follow-up data.@*RESULTS@#All the operations were successfully completed, without conversion to open surgery or additional channels, or serious postoperative complications, the time for establishing the extraperitoneal space averaging 25.4 (20.0－45.0) min, the operation time 67.3 (35.0－125.0) min, intraoperative blood loss 75.5 (60.0－150.0) ml, time to first postoperative anal exhaust 26 (8－48) h, and postoperative hospital stay 7.89 (7－10) d. Postoperative pathology showed adenocarcinoma in all the cases, with Gleason score (GS) 3+3 in 9 (25.7%), GS 3+4 in 9 (25.7%), GS 4+3 in 8 (22.9%), and GS ≥ 8 in 9 (25.7%) of the cases, 23 (65.7%) in the

Comparison of Liver Transplantation and Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus Type I and Type II

Purpose@#The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of liver transplantation (LT) and liver resection (LR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) and to investigate risk factors affecting prognosis. @*Materials and Methods@#A total of 94 HCC patients with PVTT type I (segmental PVTT) and PVTT type II (lobar PVTT) were involved and divided into LR (n=47) and LT groups (n=47). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared before and after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Prognostic factors for RFS and OS were explored. @*Results@#Two treatment groups were well-balanced using IPTW. In the entire cohort, LT provided a better prognosis than LR. Among patients with PVTT type I, RFS was better with LT (p=0.039); OS was not different significantly between LT and LR (p=0.093). In subgroup analysis of PVTT type I patients with α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels >200 ng/mL, LT elicited significantly longer median RFS (18.0 months vs. 2.1 months, p=0.022) and relatively longer median OS time (23.6 months vs. 9.8 months, p=0.065). Among patients with PVTT type II, no significant differences in RFS and OS were found between LT and LR (p=0.115 and 0.335, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed treatment allocation (LR), tumor size (>5 cm), AFP and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels to be risk factors of RFS and treatment allocation (LR), AFP and AST as risk factors for OS. @*Conclusion@#LT appeared to afford a better prognosis for HCC with PVTT type I than LR, especially in patients with AFP levels >200 ng/mL.

Phenylpropanoid amides from whole plants of Corydalis edulis / 中国中药杂志

Ten phenylpropanoid amides were isolated from the whole plants of Corydalis edulis Maxim. by various of column chromatographies including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties, MS, NMR, and IR spectroscopic data. These compounds were identified as N-trans-sinapoyl-3-methoxytyramine-4'-O-β-glucoside(1), N-trans-sinapoyl-3-methoxytyramine(2), N-trans-sinapoyltyramine(3), N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine(4), N-trans-sinapoyl-7-hydroxytyramine(5), N-cis-feruloyltyramine(6), N-cis-p-coumaroyltyramine(7), N-trans-feruloyltyramine(8), N-trans-feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine(9), and N-trans-feruloyl-7-hydroxytyramine(10). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2-7 are obtained from the plants of Papaveraceae for the first time, while compounds 8-10 are firstly isolated from C. edulis.

Expressions and clinical significances of Eag1 and VEGF in colorectal cancer tissues / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To study the expressions of Eag1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in colorectal cancer,and to explore the relationships between Eagl and VEGF expressions and clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer.The correlation between Eag1 and VEGF and their clinical significance in colorectal cancer were explored.Methods A total of 73 cases of colorectal cancer tissues,25 cases of colorectal adenoma and 10 cases of normal colorectal mucosa from January 2015 to December 2016 in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital were collected.The expressions of Eag1,VEGF protein and mRNA in 73 cases of colorectal cancer tissues,25 cases of colorectal adenoma and 10 cases of normal colorectal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).The relationships between the two factors and the clinical pathological features of patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rate of Eag1 in colorectal cancer group was 86.30％ (63/73),which was significantly higher than that in colorectal adenoma group (20.00％,5/25) and normal colorectal mucosa group (10.00％,1/10),with significant differences (x2 =38.539,P ＜0.001;x2 =24.874,P ＜ 0.001).The positive rate of VEGF in colorectal cancer group was 89.04％ (65/73),which was significantly higher thah that in colorectal adenoma group (56.00％,14/25) and normal colorectal mucosa group (30.00％,3/10),with significant differences (x2 =10.980,P ＜0.001;x2 =16.911,P ＜0.001).There was a significant positive correlation between Eag1 and VEGF in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma tissues (c =0.580,P =0.010;c =0.669,P ＜ 0.001).The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expressions of Eag1 and VEGF mRNA in colorectal cancer group,colorectal adenoma group and normal colorectal mucosa group were 4.50 ±0.34,3.14 ±0.44;1.42 ±0.22,1.61 ±0.15 and 1.00 ±0.16,1.00 ±0.53,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (F =15.546,P =0.014;F =5.363,P =0.025).The relative expression levels of Eag1 and VEGF mRNA in colorectal cancer group was about 4.50 times (t =31.851,P =0.003) and 3.14 times (t =6.870,P =0.014) than those in normal colorectal mucosa group.The mRNA expression levels of Eag1 and VEGF in colorectal cancer were correlated with degree of differentiation (F =840.725,P ＜ 0.001;F =102.950,P ＜ 0.001),depth of invasion (t =4.754,P ＜ 0.001;t =8.557,P ＜0.001),Duke staging (F =179.902,P ＜ 0.001;F =55.911,P ＜ 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (t =20.337,P ＜ 0.001;t =25.218,P ＜ 0.001).But they were not related to age (t =0.196,P =0.845;t =0.534,P =0.595) and sex (t =0.409,P =0.684;t =1.078,P =0.285).Conclusion Eag1 and VEGF are highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues with positive correlation,and are closely related to the degree of differentiation,depth of invasion,Duke staging and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer.Both of them play important roles in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer,which is expected to provide favorable research directions to the early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Analysis on prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections in Tianjin Chest Hospital from 2014 to 2016 / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the infection state and tendency in Tianjin Chest Hospital from 2014 to 2016,and provide scientific basis for making strategy to prevent and control nosocomial infection. Methods With bedside investigation and medical case review,one day every year was selected as the day of investigation to survey the healthcare-associated infections in our hospital during 2014-2016. Data of operative incision, infection condition, the usage of anti-bacterial agents and bacteria detection were collected and organized for further study. Results A total of 2 285 patients were investigated during 2014 to 2016, in which nosocomial infection was found in 55 cases. The total prevalence of healthcare-associated infections was 2.41%. The prevalence rates of healthcare-associated infections in each year were 2.62%,2.63% and 2.05% respectively,and no significant differences between them(χ2=0.750,P>0.05).In the three years, the highest prevalence rates were found in Department of Cardiac Surgery(13.79%),Department of Cardiac Surgery(7.48%) and Department of Endocrine (7.41%) respectively. The lower respiratory tract infection was the main infection site of nosocomial infection (61.11%-78.95%), followed by upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection and blood infection. In 2014-2016, pathogenic detection rates for specimens were 77.78%, 85.71% and 88.89% from patients with nosocomial infection (χ2=0.735,P>0.05). Forty-five strains of pathogen were isolated from 2014 to 2016. The main pathogen was the gram-negative bacteria,and 32 strains were isolated during the three years,which accounted for 71.11%. Six strains of gram-positive bacteria were isolated,which accounted for 13.33%.Seven strains of fungus were isolated,which accounted for 15.56%. The predominant pathogens were Klebsiella pneumonia (10 isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8 isolates) and Acinetobacter baumannii (5 isolates). The antibiotic utilization rates were 28.40%, 29.17% and 23.74% respectively from 2014 to 2016 (χ2=7.175,P<0.05). In the three years, most of antibiotics were used therapeutically, accounting for 83.39%,14.17% received for prophylactic use,and 2.44% received for both prophylactic use and treatment (χ2=29.151,P<0.05). The rates of bacteria detection in patients who received therapeutic use were 77.02%, 74.42% and 75.77% respectively(χ2=0.306,P>0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of healthcare-associated infection of Tianjin Chest Hospital is maintained at a stable level.The monitoring and prevention of key departments,sites and predominant pathogens should be strengthen, and effective measures for preventing and controlling nosocomial infection should be formulated scientifically,so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.

Data fusion and multi-components quantitative analysis for identification and quality evaluation of Gentiana rigescens from different geographical origins / 中国中药杂志

The accumulation of secondary metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is closely related to its origins. The identification of origins and multi-components quantitative evaluation are of great significance to ensure the quality of medicinal materials. In this study, the identification of Gentiana rigescens from different geographical origins was conducted by data fusion of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination of partial least squares discriminant analysis; meanwhile quantitative analysis of index components was conducted to provide an accurate and comprehensive identification and quality evaluation strategy for selecting the best production areas of G. rigescens. In this study, the FTIR and HPLC information of 169 G. rigescens samples from Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces were collected. The raw infrared spectra were pre-treated by multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate (SNV) and Savitzky-Golay (SG) derivative. Then the performances of FTIR, HPLC, and low-level data fusion and mid-level data fusion for identification were compared, and the contents of gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, loganic acid and sweroside were determined by HPLC. The results showed that the FTIR spectra of G. rigescens from different geographical origins were different, and the best pre-treatment method was SNV+SG-derivative (second derivative, 15 as the window parameter, and 2 as the polynomial order). The results showed that the accuracy rate of low- and mid-level data fusion (96.43%) in prediction set was higher than that of FTIR and HPLC (94.64%) in prediction set. In addition, the accuracy of low-level data fusion (100%) in the training set was higher than that of mid-level data fusion (99.12%) in training set. The contents of the iridoid glycosides in Yunnan were the highest among different provinces. The average content of gentiopicroside, as a bioactive marker in Chinese pharmacopoeia, was 47.40 mg·g⁻¹, and the maximum was 79.83 mg·g⁻¹. The contents of loganic acid, sweroside and gentiopicroside in Yunnan were significantly different from other provinces (<0.05). In comparison of total content of iridoid glycosides in G. rigescens with different geographical origins in Yunnan, it was found that the amount of iridoid glycosides was higher in Eryuan Dali (68.59 mg·g⁻¹) and Yulong Lijiang (66.68 mg·g⁻¹), significantly higher than that in Wuding Chuxiong (52.99 mg·g⁻¹), Chengjiang Yuxi (52.29 mg·g⁻¹) and Xundian Kunming (46.71 mg·g⁻¹) (<0.05), so these two places can be used as a reference region for screening cultivation and excellent germplasm resources of G. rigescens. A comprehensive and accurate method was established by data fusion of HPLC-FTIR and quantitative analysis of HPLC for identification and quality evaluation of G. rigescens, which could provide a support for the development and utilization of G. rigescens.

Correlation between levels of serum 25OHD and PTH with osteoporosis degree in elderly patients with fracture / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between.serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with the severity in elderly patients with osteoporosis.Methods A total of 160 patients with fractures treated in this hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were selected and divided into the normal bone mass group(53 cases),osteopenia group (63 cases) and osteoporosis group(44 cases) according to the bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar vertebra 1-4,total hip and femoral neck any position.Then the serum levels of 25OHD,PTH,T value of BMD,serum osteocalcin (BGP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were compared among 3 groups.Results The serum PTH detection value had no statistically significant difference among the normal group,osteopenia group and osteoporosis group (P＞0.05).The serum 25OHD level in the normal group was higher than that in the osteopenia group and osteoporosis group (P＜0.05);the serum BGP and.ALP levds in the normal group were significantly lower than those in the osteopenia group and osteoporosis group (P＜0.05).The level of serum 25OHD in the osteopenia group was higher than that in the osteoporosis group (P＜0.05).The level of serum BGP and ALP in the osteopenia group was significantly lower than that in the osteoporosis group (P＜0.05).The BMD value of the lumbar vertebra 1-4,total hip and femoral neck in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the steopenia group and osteoporosis group (P＜0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between serum 25OHD and the BMD value in lumbar vertebra 1-4,total hip joint and femoral neck (P＜0.05).Conclusion The level of serum 25OHD is significantly decreased in the patients with osteoporosis,and.is positively correlated with the BMD level.

Expression and Diagnostic Values of lncRNA-Malat-1, p21 and GAS5 in Colorectal Cancer Tissue / 华中科技大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the expression and diagnostic values of long non-coding RNA(IncRNA)metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat-1),p21 and growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5)in colorectal cancer tissue.Methods Coloreetal cancer of early stage and advanced stage(including paracareinoma tissue),precancerous lesion,benign tumor and noncancer lesion groups were collected,33 cases in each group.The levels of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 in colorectal tissue of the 6 groups were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen19-9(CA19-9)were detected by ELISA.Results RT-PCR showed the levels of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 were significantly higher in colorectal cancer of early and advanced stage and precancerous lesion than in the paracarcinoma lesion,benign tumor and non-cancer lesion(P＜0.05).Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 were the highest in the advanced stage group(P＜0.05).The levels of CEA and CA19-9 in non-cancer lesion were the least(P＜0.05).The AUC of ROC analysis operator characteristic curve(ROC)of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5 was comparable(P＞0.05).Pathological changes showed the pathological changes in colorectal cancer of early stage,advanced stage and precancerous lesion were more significant than those in the paracarcinoma lesion,benign tumor and non-cancer lesion (P＜ 0.05),which were the most significant in the advanced stage group.Conclusion The levels of Malat-1,p21 and GAS5.in colorectal cancer tissues could be good indicators for colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia and their biological activities in vitro / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia and their nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory and cytotoxic activities were investigated. The compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatography, and their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Thirteen lignans and six phenolic compounds were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract of the fruits of V. negundo var. cannabifolia, respectively. Their structures were elucidated as 6-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2-naphthaldehyde (1), vitedoin A (2), vitexdoin F (3), detetrahydroconidendrin (4), vitexdoin E (5), 4-oxosesamin (6), L-sesamin (7), (+)-beechenol (8), ligballinol (9), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (10), (-)-pinoresinol (11), balanophonin (12), thero-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether (13), trans-p-coumaryl aldehyde (14), coniferyl aldehyde (15), 5,7-dihydroxychromone (16), trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-cinnamic aldehyde (17), frambinone (18), and alternariol 4-methyl ether (19). Compounds 8-10,14,18,19 were firstly isolated from Verbenaceae family, compound 13 was obtained from Vitex species, and 6,7,12,15-17 from V. negundo var. cannabifolia for the first time, respectively. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects in vitro. Eight compounds (3,5,7,10,11,14,15,17) showed inhibition against NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 267.4 cells (IC₅₀ in the range of 7.8-81.1 μmol•L⁻¹) and four compounds (1-4) showed cytotoxicity on HepG-2 cells (IC₅₀ in the range of 5.2-24.2 μmol•L⁻¹).

The species traceability of the ultrafine powder and the cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine based on DNA barcoding / 药学学报

Ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine lack of the morphological characters and microscopic identification features. This makes it hard to identify herb's authenticity with traditional methods. We tested ITS2 sequence as DNA barcode in identification of herbal medicine in ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder in this study. We extracted genomic DNAs of 93 samples of 31 representative herbal medicines (28 species), which include whole plant, roots and bulbs, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. The ITS2 sequences were amplified and sequenced bidirectionally. The ITS2 sequences were identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) method in the GenBank database and DNA barcoding system to identify the herbal medicine. The genetic distance was analyzed using the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6.0. The results showed that DNA can be extracted successfully from 93 samples and high quality ITS2 sequences can be amplified. All 31 herbal medicines can get correct identification via BLAST method. The ITS2 sequences of raw material medicines, ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder have same sequence in 26 herbal medicines, while the ITS2 sequences in other 5 herbal medicines exhibited variation. The maximum intraspecific genetic-distances of each species were all less than the minimum interspecific genetic distances. ITS2 sequences of each species are all converged to their standard DNA barcodes using NJ method. Therefore, using ITS2 barcode can accurately and effectively distinguish ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine. It provides a new molecular method to identify ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine in the quality control and market supervision.

Bushen Huoxue Fang promotes the apoptosis of epithelial cells in the prostatic ductal system of rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Bushen Huoxue Fang (BSHX) on the apoptosis of epithelial cells in the prostatic ductal system of rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its possible action mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred 3- month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of equal number (control, castrated, BPH model, and BSHX). BPH models were made by subcutaneous injection of testosterone following castration; the rats in the BSHX group were treated intragastrically with BSHX at 2.34 g/ml after modeling, while those in the other two groups with equal volume of saline, all for 37 days. On the 38th day, all the rats were sacrificed and their prostates harvested for detection of the distribution of TGF-beta1 and alpha-actin and the count of positive cells in the prostatic ductal system by immunohistochemical staining. The apoptosis rate of epithelial cells in the prostatic ductal system was determined by TUNEL assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of TGF-beta1 was significantly increased in the rats of the BSHX group as compared with the BPH models in both the proximal prostatic duct ([15.28 +/- 4.30]% vs [36.42 +/- 8.10]%, P < 0.01) and the distal prostatic duct ([4.42 +/- 2.07]% vs [8.71 +/- 2.28 ]%, P < 0.05), while the expression of alpha-actin in the proximal duct was remarkably higher in the BSHX-treated rats than in the models ([28.14 +/- 7.43]% vs [18.28 +/- 4.07]%, P < 0.01), but lower than in the control animals ([33.57 +/- 6.85]%, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the BPH models and BSHX-treated rats both exhibited markedly decreased apoptosis of epithelial cells in the proximal prostatic duct ([39.42 +/- 9.20]% vs [3.86 +/- 1.34]%, P < 0.01, and [31.14 +/- 5.64]%, P < 0.01) and distal prostatic duct ([17.60 +/- 4.86]% vs [3.07 +/- 1.14]%, P < 0.01, and [12.37 +/- 2.25]%, P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of epithelial cells in the prostatic ductal system was significantly higher in the BSHX-treated rats than in the BPH models (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By upregulating the expression of TGF-beta, BSHX can suppress the reduction of smooth muscle cells in the proximal prostatic duct, promote the apoptosis of prostatic epithelial cells, and thus effectively inhibit benign prostatic hyperplasia.</p>

Novel printed electrode immunosensors for Schistosoma japonicum / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To improve the sensitivity and the linear range of electrochemical immunosensor to detect Schistosoma japonicum (S.japonicum) antibody.Methods:Carbon inks and silver/silver chloride inks were printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) board to make a two-electrode test strip,where carbon was the working electrode and S.japonicum soluble egg antigen (SEA) was fixed at one end of working electrode by different methods; silver/silver chloride electrode was used as control.We tested the valency of the antibody by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in an electrochemistry workstation,and conducted comparison with the results of ELISA.Two new immunosensing electrodes have been developed,based on glutaraldehyde cross-linked (GA) or chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked (Chit-GA) transducer fixing S.japonicum antigen.We tested the titer of the antibody by means of CV and DPV.Results:Our experimental S.japonicum antigen (50 μg/L) is the optimal test concentration for the GA sensor,and 10 μg/L for Chit-GA sensors.The immune reaction time of both electrodes is all essentially complete in 1 minute.The linear range for S.japonicura antibody in human positive serum sample detection by the glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1∶1000 to 1∶400,and by the chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1∶1000 to 1∶500.As the concentration of dilution ratio of S.japonicum antibody in human positive serum sample increased,the test value of DPV increased proportionally.Conclusion:GA sensor and Chit-GA cross-linked S.japonicum sensors have high sensitivity and broad linear range response,and both exhibited a good linear relationship between the DPV signal and the test antibody titer.

Detection of tick and tick-borne pathogen in some ports of Inner Mongolia / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution, composition and situation of natural infection pathogen of tick species in the main ports of Inner Mongolia. Methods All ticks were collected manually with white cloth, from the grassland and searching for the hosts followed by detection of pathogens, with PCR. Results 1313 ticks identified, belonged to 1 family,4 geniuses and 7 species in the three surveyed areas, with Dermacentor nuttallia distributed in the Ceke, Mandula and Manzhouli bordering ports. 69.08% of the total species were discovered at Port Ceke, with Rhipicephalus pumilio as the predominant one, which accounted for 74.86%. 5 kinds of tick-borne disease pathogens were detected from ticks in these three bordering ports while only Coxiella burnetii was found at the Port Ceke. In these three ports, the average infection rates of Lyme disease borrelia , Human babesia microti, Spotted fever group Rickettsia, Caxiella burnetii, Ehrlichiosis were 15.08%, 3.35%, 1.98%, 1.07%, 0.99% respectively.The positive rate of tick infected with Borrelia burgdorferi were 13.56%, 22.88%, 5.00% in the 3 bordering ports, respectively with significant differences. The positive rates of Babesia microti and Spotted fever group Rickettsia infections were also significantly different among these areas. Conclusion The natural infection rates of the above mentioned five kinds of tick-borne pathogens were different in the Ports Ceke,Mandula and Manzhouli.

The trends in clinical management of hyperlipidemia and goal attainment rate from 2000 to 2004 - 2006 in China / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical management of hyperlipidemia and goal attainment rate in year 2000 to year 2004 - 2006 in China.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Data from 2 retrospective surveys (2000 and 2004 - 2006) on clinical management of hyperlipidemia and goal attainment rate were analyzed. A total of 2136 patients were recruited in the 1st survey in year 2000 and 539 patients in the 2nd survey in year 2004 - 2006 from 25 and 21 tertiary hospitals of 12 metropolitan cities. Eligible patients had hyperlipidemia and received lipid-lowering therapy for more than 2 months at the time of survey. Serum lipid levels before and after treatment were analyzed and the goal attainment rate post therapy, defined according to the Chinese National Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidaemia published in 1997, was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Clinical characteristics were comparable in patients from the 1st and 2nd survey: age (60.9 and 60.0 years), males (47.2% and 49.3%), type of lipid disorder (mixed hyperlipidemia 62.5% and 66.8%), and patients without coronary artery disease (CAD 61.2% and 68.6%). The percent of statins use was significantly higher in the 2nd survey than in the 1st survey (79.2% vs. 70.3%, P < 0.01). The goal attainment rate was significantly higher in the 2nd survey than in the 1st survey (39.9% vs. 26.6% for all patients, 40.2% vs. 28.8% for hypercholesterolaemia, 39.7% vs. 25.0% for mixed hyperlipidemia, 45.9% vs. 31.7 for patients without CAD, 26.7% vs. 16.6% for patients with CAD, 42.2% vs. 30.1% for patients using statins, and 38.5% vs. 28.3% for patients with diet control, all P value < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although the goal attainment rate has been significantly increased in treated hyperlipidemia patients over recent 5 years in China, it is still far from optimal as suggested by the recommendations. Further efforts should be made to increase the goal attainment rate in patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy.</p>

Association of a polymorphism in MDR1 C3435T with response to antiepileptic drug treatment in ethic Han Chinese children with epilepsy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>P-glycoprotein 170 (P-gp) is a plausible biologic candidate for pharmacoresistance in epilepsy. The expression and efflux efficiency of P-gp is influenced by a polymorphism (C3435T) in the encoding gene (MDR1). The CC genotype at the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism was reported to be associated with the response to antiepileptic drug treatment. This study attempted to replicate this finding by examining the association of this genetic polymorphism with response to antiepileptic drug treatment in ethnic Han Chinese children with epilepsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and fourteen ethnic Han Chinese children with epilepsy were classified based on the response to antiepileptic drug treatment: drug-nonresponsive and drug-responsive. DNA samples were obtained from the patients. Genotypes of the C3435T polymorphism were determined by traditional polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction digestion (PCR-RFLP). The frequency of genotypes and alleles between the two groups was compared by Chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 214 patients, 164 were drug-responsive and 50 were drug-nonresponsive. There were no significant differences in the allele frequency and genotype frequency between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is no an association between the CC genotype or C allele at the locus of C3435T in MDR1 gene and response to antiepileptic drug treatment in ethnic Han Chinese children with epilepsy.</p>

Clinical report of 81 cases of multiple primary cancers in laryngeal carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical characteristics and the survival status of the patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the multiple primary cancers (MPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Follow-up and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively in 81 laryngeal squamous cell cancer patients with MPC among 1101 patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Survival analysis and every influencing factor on survival rate were performed by Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The occurrence rate of MPC in the patients with laryngeal squamous cell cancer was 7.4% (81/1101) in this report. Oral cavity carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma were the most common MPC in 29 cases (35.8%) in head and neck regions. MPC in head and neck regions were more often seen among patients who had treated with radiotherapy (chi2 = 5.7, P = 0.017). Lung carcinoma (25.9%, 21/81) and esophageal carcinoma (22.2%, 18/81) were the most common MPC in remote organs in 52 cases (64.2%). Thirty seven MPC cases (45.7%) were occurred in aerodigestive tract and 32 cases(39.5%) in respiratory tract in this series. Fourteen cases (17.3%) were synchronous MPC, the median time interval was 2 months. Other 67 cases (82.7%) were metachronous MPC, the median time interval was 28 months. The squamous cell carcinoma (66.7%) was the most common pathologic type among all MPC in 81 cases, which was more often seen among patients who had smoked and drunk (P = 0.007). The MPC of esophageal carcinoma and oropharyngeal carcinoma were more often seen among patients of supraglottic index cancer presentation (P = 0.04). The MPC of oral cavity cancers and nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lung carcinoma were more often seen among patients of glottic index cancer presentation (P = 0.006). The total three-and five-year survival rates were 45.2% and 29.7% respectively of all MPC patients, the five-year survival rate for patients (53 cases) who received actively different therapies for their MPC was 45.5%, obviously higher than that of untreated patients (28 cases) whose three-year survival rate was zero (P = 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lung carcinoma and esophageal carcinoma were the most common multiple primary cancers among MPC of the laryngeal cancer. MPC of the laryngeal cancer in head and neck regions were more often seen among patients who had treated with radiotherapy. The pathologic type of squamous carcinomas of MPC was more often seen among patients who had smoked and drunk. MPC affected the prognosis of patients in laryngeal cancer largely. Treating effectively and in time could help to improve the survival rate of patients with MPC in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.</p>

Treatment and prognosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the treatment model and the factors that influence survival of the patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of all patients with ATC in our hospital from May. 1970 to May. 2005 were analyzed retrospectively with regard to mortality and survival rate (Kaplan-Meier). Multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty cases together were analyzed. The overall 1-year, 3-year, 5-year survival rate were 39.4%, 29.6% and 20.7% respectively. The median survival time was 6 months. Univariate analysis showed the patients with their age < 55 years old, without distant metastasis, white blood cell count < 10.0 x 10(9)/L at presentation, without receiving chemotherapy, receiving radiotherapy with the dose no less than 40 Gy, receiving multiple modality therapy had a better prognosis. White blood cell count at presentation, the model of therapy were the risk factors independently influencing prognosis by multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>White blood cell count at presentation, receiving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy or not were the risk factors independently influencing prognosis. The prognosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was worse; the patients with ATC maybe get a better prognosis by receiving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.</p>