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Objective To evaluate the effect of malaria vector control measures so as to provide the evidence for consolidating the control effectiveness of malaria and carrying out the vector surveillance in Suizhou City. Methods The distributions of Anopheles sinensis and An. anthropophagus were investigated by the combination of retrospective review and field survey. The changes of density and population of mosquito vectors were investigated and compared among various years. Results From 1985 to 1996, both An. sinensis and An. anthropophagus were found in 18 towns, and An. anthropophagus mosquitoes accounted for 52.3% of the total Anopheles mosquitoes. Only An. sinensis mosquitoes were found in other 26 towns. In 2003 and 2004, An. anthropophagus mosquitoes were found in the original 18 towns, and they accounted for 47.0% and 38.1% respectively, but in 2005, An. anthropophagus mosquitoes were not found in this city. However, the density of An. sinensis presented an upward trend. Conclusions An. anthropophagus population has gradually disappeared in Suizhou City, and currently, An. sinensis is the main Anopheles population, which might be the malaria vector in suitable conditions. Therefore, the surveillance and control of Anophe les vector should be strengthened in order to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of malaria vector control measures so as to provide the evidence for consolidating the control effectiveness of malaria and carrying out the vector surveillance in Suizhou City. Methods The distributions of Anopheles sinensis and An. anthropophagus were investigated by the combination of retrospective review and field survey. The changes of density and population of mosquito vectors were investigated and compared among various years. Results From 1985 to 1996, both An. sinensis and An. anthropophagus were found in 18 towns, and An. anthropophagus mosquitoes accounted for 52.3% of the total Anopheles mosquitoes. Only An. sinensis mosquitoes were found in other 26 towns. In 2003 and 2004, An. anthropophagus mosquitoes were found in the original 18 towns, and they accounted for 47.0% and 38.1% respectively, but in 2005, An. anthropophagus mosquitoes were not found in this city. However, the density of An. sinensis presented an upward trend. Conclusions An. anthropophagus population has gradually disappeared in Suizhou City, and currently, An. sinensis is the main Anopheles population, which might be the malaria vector in suitable conditions. Therefore, the surveillance and control of Anophe les vector should be strengthened in order to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and its clinical pathological features in uveal melanoma.Methods Paraffm tissue specimens of 50 patients (50 eyes) with confirmed diagnosis of uveal melanoma (UM) were collected as experimental group,and samples from 11 patients (11 eyes) who underwent ocular excision due to trauma,still with largely intact uveal tissue,were selected as control group in the Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2013 to May 2017.Then the expression of AEG-1 in paraffm-embedded specimens was detected by immunohistochemical methods,and the correlation of AEG-1 expression with the clinical pathological data was analyzed.Results AEG-1 protein staining presented accurate pink or red granules,mainly located in UM nucleus,cytoplasm,cell membrane.In the experimental group,negative expression of AEG-1 was in 21 eyes (42.0％),and positive expression was in 29 eyes (58.0％),while AEG-1 were negatively expressed in the control group,and the difference in the two groups was statistically significant (P =0.000),suggesting that the expression of AEG-1 was upregulated in UM.In the experimental group,AEG-1 positive expression rate in patients with clinical pathological risk factors was significantly higher than that in patients without high risk factors (all P ＜ 0.05),and the positive expression rate of AEG-1 in UM with involvement of the ciliary body and iris neovascularization,the maximum diameter of tumor base ＞ 16 mm,tumor thickness ＞ 8 mm,tumor cell type belonging to mixed cell type and epithelioid/mixed cell type,and extra ocular tumor growth was 73.1％,73.9％,95.2％,82.4％,83.3％,74.1％ and 69.4％,respectively.However,there was no significant difference in AEG-1 expression among general clinical data including gender,eyes,age,optic disc involvement,secondary retinal detachment,epithelioid cell type and scleral duct invasion (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion AEG-1 is overexpressed in UM and has a significant correlation with multiple clinical risk factors,suggesting that high expression of AEG-1 may be one of the important prognostic indicators for UM.
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Background Metadherin is a newly discovered oncogene.It is highly expressed in some solid tumors and plays a significant role in invasion and metastasis of neoplasm as an important biological marker of aggressive cancers.However,there is little data available for the relationship between metadherin expression and clinicopathologic features of retinoblastoma(RB).Objective This study was to investigate the expression of the metadherin in RB cell lines and specimens as well as its clinical significance.Methods The expression of metadherin mRNA in different metastatic potential of RB cell lines(Y79,WERI-RB1 and SO-RB50)was detected by real-time PCR,and the protein expression of metadherin (MDTH)in paraffin-embedded RB tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.The relevance of metadherin expression to clinical histopathological features was statistically analyzed.Results The relative expression value of metadherin mRNA was 6.11±0.17,6.21±0.21 and 3.97±0.17 in Y79,SORB50,WERI-RB1,respectively,with a significant difference among the three types of cell lines(F =142.643,P＜0.05).The relative expression value of metadherin mRNA was significantly higher in Y79 or SO-RB50 than that in W ERI-RB1 (P=0.000).The expression of MTDH protein mostly located in the cellular membrane and cytoplasm.Among the 54 RB sections,35 (64.81％)showed a high intensity in expression of metadherin protein.The total score of metadherin protein expression was higher in the E stage of RB than that of D stage(P=0.035),in the patients with high-risk factor than those without high-risk factor(P=0.002)and the cases with optic nerve invasion compared to non-invasion (P＝0.017).However,no significant differences were found in the expression of metadherin protein between different ages (P =0.579),different genders (P =0.513),bilateral eyes (P =0.305),different disease courses (P=0.860),various types of differentiation (P =0.537),different degree of the ehoroid invasion (P =0.238),and with or without invasion of the anterior ocular segment (P =0.579).Conclusions Metadherin appears to be highly expressed in RB cells.The activation of the MTDH gene is associated with invasion and metastasis of RB.These results imply that the dynamic change of metadherin expression probably is a prognostic indicator of RB.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the concentration of water fluoride and the application of water defluoridation projects in Suizhou,and to provide a basis for water improvement and prevention of the disease.MethodsCross-sectional study was carried out to investigate completely the water defluoridation projects built between 1986 and 2009 in the area under Suizhou's jurisdiction; 3 source water and terminal water samples of the projects in use were collected,respectively; 1 water sample was collected,respectively in the 3 projects with out-ofcommission or discarded water sources that used to be major water supply,for detection of fluoride,chloride,total hardness,heavy metals and other indicators.ResultsA total of 21 projects were investigated,14 projects were in normal use (66.7％),7 projects were out of order and abandoned (33.3％).Of the 14 projects normally used,13projects with water fluoride concentration ≤ 1.0 mg/L(92.9％)and 1 project with water fluoride concentration higher than 1.0 mg/L(7.1％),the concentration of water fluoride in the 7 abandoned projects was higher than 1.0 mg/L(100％).Arsenic and lead levels of all the water samples were normal.There were two water samples with iron content exceeded the standard,and one total hardness of water samples exceeded the standard in the normally used 14 peripheral water sources.One chloride content exceeded the standard,one manganese content exceeded the standard,two iron content exceeded the standard and three total hardness exceeded the standard in the seven abandoned projects.ConclusionsSome defluoridation projects are stopped using and abandoned in Suizhou,and the water fluoride exceeds the standard.
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BackgroundOsteopontin is highly expressed in many metastatic tumors,but its expression in uveal melanoma and the relationship of osteopontin with metastasis is still under investigation.Objective This study was to investigate the relationship between osteopontin expression and uveal melanoma metastatic potential.Methods Fifty samples of uveal melanoma were collected in Beijing Tongren Hospital.The expressions of osteopontin in the samples were detected using immunohistochemistry,and expressions of osteopontin mRNA in different metastatic potential uveal melanoma cell lines (MU M-2B,C918,OCM-1A) were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR).ResultsOsteopontin was positively expressed in 10 samples of 13 patients with metastasis and 14 samples of 37 patients without metastasis,showing a significant difference between them (x2=5.888,P=0.000).There were 11 samples and 13 samples exhibiting the positive expression of osteopontin in 15 epithelial type and 35 non-epithelial type of uveal melanoma respectively with the significant difference (x2=5.510,P =0.000).The positive expressing numbers of osteopontin were 20 tumors of 30 affected tumors and 4 tumors of 20unaffected ciliary tumors with the significant difference (x2 =10.470,P =0.000 ).No significant differences in the expression of osteopontige were found between different gender,age,eyes,largest basal diameters and invasion of scleral canal( P =0.536,0.256,0.802,0.848,0.555 ).The relative expression value of osteopontin mRNA was in turn 1.00±0.04,0.91 ±0.03,0.08±0.01 in MUM-2B,C918,OCM-1A with the significant difference among three cell lines( F=33.135,P＜0.05).The osteopontige mRNA expression was significant enhanced in high metastatic potentialcell lines( MUM-2B,C918 ) compared with low metastatic potential cell lines( OCM-1 A) (P＜0.05 ),but no significant difference was seen between two high metastatic potential cell lines(MUM-2B,C918) (P=0.804).Conclusions Osteopontige expression is associated with the uveal melanoma cell line invasion and metastasis potential.These results imply that osteopontige expression maybe an indicator of uveal melanoma invasion and metastasis ability.