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Multicollinearity is an important issue affecting the results of regression analysis. LASSO developed in recent years has great advantages in selecting explanatory variables, processing high-dimensional data, and solving multicollinearity problems. This method adds a penalty term to the model estimation, which can compress the regression coefficients of some unnecessary variables to zero and then remove them from the model to achieve the purpose of variable screening. This paper focuses on the LASSO method and compares it with optimal subsets, ridge regression, adaptive LASSO, and elastic net results. It is found that both LASSO and adaptive LASSO have good performance in solving independent variable multicollinearity problems and enhancing model interpretation and prediction accuracy.
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Humans , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the polymorphisms of 23 Y-STR loci in a Han population in Jiangsu province. Methods Blood samples were collected from 4821 unrelated healthy Han males in Jiangsu province. DNA templates were amplified by PowerPlex Y23 kit,and the amplification products were detected by 3500xL genetic analyzer. Then,we calculated the allele frequencies and gene diversities respectively,as well as the haplotype frequencies and haplotype diversities. Results The gene diversity of these 23 Y-STR loci ranged 0.4099-0.9696. A total of 4781 haplotypes were detected,of which 4743 were found once. The haplotype diversity was 0.99999812. Conclusion The 23 Y-STR loci used in this study are highly polymorphic in Han individuals in Jiangsu province and therefore suitable for population genetic study and forensic individual identification.
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This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the new clinical diagnostic and classification criteria for Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) using six clinical markers: flexion of the distal part of fingers, deformed fingers, enlarged finger joints, shortened fingers, squat down, and dwarfism. One-third of the total population in Linyou County was sampled by stratified random sampling. The survey included baseline characteristics and clinical diagnoses, and the sensitivity and specificity of the new criteria was evaluated. We identified 3,459 KBD patients, of which 69 had early stage KBD, 1,952 had stage I, 1,132 had stage II, and 306 had stage III. A screening test classified enlarged finger joints as stage I KBD, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.978 and 0.045, respectively. Shortened fingers were classified as stage II KBD, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.969 and 0.844, respectively, and dwarfism was classified as stage III KBD with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.951 and 0.992, respectively. Serial screening test revealed that the new clinical classification of KBD classified stages I, II, and III KBD with sensitivities of 0.949, 0.945, and 0.925 and specificities of 0.967, 0.970, and 0.993, respectively. The screening tests revealed that enlarged finger joints, shortened fingers, and dwarfism were appropriate markers for the clinical diagnosis and classification of KBD with high sensitivity and specificity.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Epidemiology , Kashin-Beck Disease , Classification , Diagnosis , Epidemiology , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between phenomenon of aggregation on multiple metabolic abnormalities and their family history.Methods A random cluster sampling was carried out to study the phenomenon of multiple metabolic abnormalities among the adult inhabitants in a county of Henan province.Questionnaire,physical examination and biochemical tests were admitted.Multiple correspondence analyses were used to explore the aggregation of multiple metabolic abnormalities among objects including hyperlipidemia,diabetes,coronary heart disease etc.Corresponding relationships between objects and their parents on multiple metabolic abnormalities were also analyzed.Results In total,3901 people were investigated including 1428 (36.6％) males and 2473 (63.4％) females.The mean age of them was 32.8 ± 6.3.Data showed that the Cronbach' s α were 0.547 and 0.387 while Eigen values were 1.971 and 1.535 in two dimensions,regarding the correspondence analysis on their parents' multiple metabolic abnormalities.Cronbach' s α levels were 0.598 and 0.457 together with Eigen values as 2.263 and 1.743 in two dimensions on the correspondence analysis of the objects' and their parents' multiple metabolic abnormalities.Results from Multiple correspondence analysis diagrams showed that there was an aggregation of varietymetabolic abnormalities in both objects and their parents but not between objects and their parents or between fathers and mothers,though x2 test showed a weak correlation between some of the categories.The ranges of contingency coefficients between metabolic abnormalities were 0.04 to 0.11,0.04 to 0.08 and 0.04 to 0.11 between parents,objects and fathers,objects and mothers,respectively.When compared with simple obesity,the central obesity aggregated appeared more obviously with other metabolic abnormalities.Conclusion Both objects and their parents showed an aggregation of variety metabolic abnormalities.Aggregation of central obesity showed more obvious on other metabolic abnormalities than the simple obesity.Family histories of metabolic abnormalities played a moderate role in the generations suffering from multiple metabolic abnormalities.
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Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.
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Objective To analyze the allele frequencies of 5 short tandem repeat(STR)loci(D12S313,D12S304,D12S1640,D12S1708 and D12S1583)on chromosome 12 among Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)patients and the control population living in the area suffered from KBD.Methods Fifty KBD patient8 and 50 non-KBD patients were chosen in endemic afea of Shaanxi Province,5 STR loci on chromosome 12 were genotyped by the technology of polymerase chain reacfion(PCR)and capillary electmphoresis.The pelymorphisms of STR in these popIllations were analyzed.The allele and genotype frequencies of each STR in the corresponding groups were caleulated and compared. Results In KBD group,the 5 STR loci had 8,6,7,5 and 11 types ofalleles and 17,11,15,8 and 28 genotypes, respectively;while in the control group,the number of aUele types of 5 STR loci were 6,8,6,4 and 10,the number of genotype of those loci were 13,21,14,8 and 23,respectively The allele frequence of D12S304 locus was statiBtically significant between KBD patients and controls(P<0.05),especially for the 319 bp allele(P<0.006 25). Conclusion There is an association between D12S304 locus and KBD.The 319 bp allele might play the key role.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the allele frequencies of 6 STR loci (D12S358, D12S1675, D12S1663, D12S1697, D12S16725 and D12S1613) on chromosome 12 among KBD patients and residents in the KBD and non-KBD areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EDTA-blood samples were collected from 146 unrelated Chinese Han individuals in Shaanxi Province including 57 KBD patients, 48 control subjects living in the Kashing-Beck disease(KBD) area and 48 in the non-KBD area. The DNA samples were extracted and amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were analyzed by ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In KBD patients, the allele number for the 6 STR loci (D12S358, D12S1675, D12S1663, D12S1697, D12S16725 and D12S1613) was 7, 7, 7, 10, 12 and 8, and the genotype number were 13, 12, 9, 17, 19 and 10, respectively; in the residents in KBD area, the allele number was 7, 5, 7, 9, 13 and 9, and the genotype number 12, 10, 12, 19, 16 and 8; in residents in non-KBD area, the allele number was 7, 5, 5, 12, 8 and 9, and the genotype number 17, 16, 8, 22, 14 and 8. There were significant differences in the allele frequencies in the D12S1725 loci between KBD patients and residents living in KBD area (P=0.0119) and the non-KBD area (P=0.0050), but no significant difference in other 5 loci among the 3 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>KBD patients have significantly different allele distribution patterns in the D12S1725 loci from the control subjects.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Microsatellite Repeats , Genetics , Osteoarthritis , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the allele frequencies of 7 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D12S1718, D12S1675, D12S358, D12S367, D12S1638, D12S1646 and D12S1682) on chromosome 12 among Kashing-Beck disease (KBD) patients and the control population living in the KBD areas and non-KBD area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EDTA-blood specimens were collected from 102 unrelated individuals of Chinese Han population in Shaanxi province including 29 KBD patients,30 controls living in the KBD area and 43 living in the non-KBD area. DNA samples were extracted using the Wizard Genomic DNA purification kit (http://www. Promega. com) and were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The PCR products were analyzed by ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) In KBD patients group, the allele number for 7 STR loci were 4,7,7,8,5,5 and 7, the genotype number were 5,12,13,11,10,9 and 13; (2) In the control population living in KBD area, the allele number for 7 STR loci were 4,9,7,6,6,6 and 8,t he genotype number were 5,10,12,14,12,9 and 13;(3) In the control population living in the non-KBD area, the allele number for 7 STR loci were 7,9,7,7,5,8 and 11, the genotype number were 9,16, 17,16,12,15 and 20;(4) Compared with the allele frequencies among three groups, there were significant differences between KBD patients and the controls living in the KBD area (D12S367: P = 0.034; D12S1638: P = 0.041) and the controls living in the non-KBD area (D12S367: P = 0. 029; D12S1638: P= 0 .028) in the D12S367 and D12S1638 loci; (5) There were significant differences among KBD patients (P = 0.036), controls living in the KBD area (P = 0.039) and controls living in the non-KBD area in the D12S1646.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was significant difference between KBD patients and the controls in the D12S367 and D12S1638 loci.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Case-Control Studies , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Genetic Loci , Genetics , Genotype , Joint Diseases , Genetics , Microsatellite Repeats , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the epidemiological characters of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in nuclear families, and to probe the pathogenetic mechanism and its etiology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical diagnosis was used to identify nuclear families in KBD areas. Based on the clinical manifestation of parents in the nuclear families, 4938 nuclear families were divided into four types. According to the seriousness in KBD areas, prevalence of offspring and family aggregation in low, middle and high prevalence areas were formed and data was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Type of nuclear family was associated to the degree of disease seriousness in the areas. (2) There was an aggregation of disease among the offsprings in the nuclear families of medium and high prevalence diseased areas. (3) There was an aggregation of offspring in the nuclear family of both parents or father alone who were suffered from KBD. (4) The prevalence of offspring in nuclear family of both parents with KBD was obviously higher than that in the nuclear family with single parent or neither having KBD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The degree of diseased areas seemed to influence the seriousness of KBD in individuals. The prevalence of parents in nuclear families might play a role in the pathogenesis of KBD.</p>