Using 16S rDNA Sequencing Technology to Preliminarily Analyze Intestinal Flora in Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).@*Methods@#Between September 2019 and November 2019, stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth Hospital of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, were collected and divided into general treatment (AF) and probiotic (AFY) groups, according to the treatment of "combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus cereus tablets live". High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify intestinal flora.@*Results@#Intestinal flora abundance and diversity in children with MPP were decreased. Both Shannon and Simpson indices were lower in the AF group when compared with healthy controls ( P < 0.05). When compared with healthy controls, the proportion of Enterorhabdus was lower in the AF group, while the proportion of Lachnoclostridium was higher ( P < 0.05). The proportion of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia was lower in the AFY group but Enterococcus, Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, and Erysipelatoclostridium proportions were higher. The proportion of Escherichia coli- Shigella in the AFY group after treatment was decreased ( P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#The intestinal flora of children with MPP is disturbed, manifested as decreased abundance and diversity, and decreased Bifidobacteria. Our probiotic mixture partly improved intestinal flora disorders.

Intrauterine Exposure to Maternal Diabetes is Associated with Adiposity in Children at 6 Years of Age in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to exhibit congenital malformations, high birth weight, and obesity and have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in later life. Children who are exposed to maternal diabetes in utero may be 'programmed' for later development of obesity at a critical period of development. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the associations among adiposity and systolic blood pressure in children and abnormal maternal glucose levels during pregnancy. A total of 856 mother-child pairs were included in the present retrospective study. Eligible pregnant women underwent a standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation. Anthropometric characteristics of their children were measured at 6 years of age, including body mass index, the sum of subscapular and tricep skinfold thickness, and systolic blood pressure. The result suggests that children exposed to GDM have higher adiposity; prevention of childhood obesity needs to begin early in life for these children.

Digital pulse wave analyzing method in evaluating arterial compliance based on population study in Chinese 415 adults / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the reliability and validity of digital pulse wave analyzing method in evaluating arterial compliance in population-based study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 415 adults (132 men and 283 women) aged 20 to 86 years old were selected from urban (220 persons) and rural (195 persons) areas, respectively by a stratified randomly sampling method. Arterial compliance, evaluated by stiffness index (SI), was measured by using digital pulse wave analyzing method from the Pulse trace machine (Micro medical, London), and the SI value was determined accordingly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the study on both repeatability and stability, there was a perfect correlation between the frequent measurements for one individual either on one occasion or on two 40-days-apart occasions. The SI values were not significantly different between the urban and the rural, men and women. Multiple stepwise regressions showed that systolic blood pressure and age were positively correlated with SI value, respectively (both P values were less than 0.001). The correlation kept unchanged after taking account of gender, BMI and heart rate. The mean SI values for people aged 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59 and > or = 60 were 7.35, 8.84, 10.41, 10.95 and 12.01 m/s (P < 0.01), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both systolic blood pressure and age should be contributed as the main influencing factors of arterial compliance. Digital pulse wave analyzing method is a preferable measurement in evaluating arterial compliance in population-based study due to its better repeatability and stability.</p>

Polymorphisms of exon 17 of insulin-receptor gene in pathogenesis of human disorders with insulin resistance / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of insulin-receptor (INSR) gene and insulin resistance in a population-based study in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to the amplify Exon 17 of INSR gene and all amplified products were analyzed by direct sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found at the following loci: T to TC at the locus of 10699 (Tyr(984)), G to GC at the locus of 10731 (Glu(994)), Deletion G at the locus of 10798 (Asp(1017)), C to T/TC at the locus of 10923 (His(1058)), C to CA at the locus of 10954 (Leu(1069)), and T to TA at the locus of 10961 (Phe(1071)), which might not change the amino acid sequence. The data were in agreement with the test of Hardy-Weinberg balance (P > 0.05). Among the 345 cases, all clinical indices were higher in males than in females except for HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05). The proportion of insulin resistance in males (64.4%) was higher than that in females (35.6%, OR = 1.83). It implied that the relative risk of developing insulin resistance in males was 1.83 times as high as that in females. The biochemical indices in different loci on Exon 17 showed that the individuals with deletion G on the locus of 10798 had lower TG (P = 0.052) and higher HDL (P = 0.027) than those without deletion G on the same site. Homa-Index was lower in those with deletion G than in those without deletion G (P > 0.05). After sex stratification in analysis, all allele frequencies on the six loci of SNPs of Exon 17 had different distributions between the insulin resistant group and the control group, but P > 0.05.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SNPs of Exon 17 of INSR gene are unlikely to play a direct role in the pathogenesis of human disorders with insulin resistance.</p>

Ponderal index at birth predicts metabolic syndrome in mid-aged Chinese / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association between Ponderal index (PI) at birth and metabolic syndrome during middle age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 975 adults (494 men and 481 women) aged 41-52 from the study cohort of Fetal Origin of Adult Disease were recruited in the study for clinic examinations, involving anthropometry and measurements of blood pressure, fasting and 2 hr plasma levels of glucose and insulin, serum lipid profile. Their HOMA-insulin resistance (IR) index was estimated. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to 1999 WHO definition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of PI on MS and the interaction between PI at birth and body mass index (BMI) in adulthood.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prevalence of MS was 18.7% in this mid-aged population, 24.8%, 19.4%, 16.3% and 14.0% in those with less than the 25th percentile, the 25th to less than the 50th percentile, the 50th to less than the 75th percentile and more than 75th percentile of PI at birth, respectively, in a decreasing trend (chi2 M-H for trend=9.938 adjusted for gender, P=0.002). Logistic regression analysis showed that both PI at birth and BMI during adulthood could influence their occurrence of MS (beta=-0.125, P=0.002, for PI; and beta=0.430, P=0.000, for BMI). A synergistic effect between PI at birth and BMI in adulthood was observed in this population. Persons who were thin at birth with PI less than the 25th percentile, and became overweight with BMI greater than or equal to 24 kg/m2 later in their life, were at higher risk of suffering from metabolic syndrome (OR=29.1, 95% CI=13.6-62.1), in comparison with those who became overweight during adulthood from a higher PI at birth (OR=16.0, 95% CI=7.9-32.3) and those who were thin at birth and remained a appropriate BMI during their adulthood (OR=2.0, 95% CI=0.7-5.7). Attributable fraction of the interaction to MS was 34.6%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Thin at birth was a predictor for later occurrence of metabolic syndrome, as well as an effect modifier for the association between of later BMI and metabolic syndrome, i.e., overweight later in his life was most deleterious for a person with growth retardation at birth.</p>