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BACKGROUND: Metabolomics is a branch of systems biology taking systematic study, high-throughput detection and data processing as means, information modeling and systematic integration as targets, which can be used for recognizing metabolic indexes, provide evidence for individualized diagnosis and treatment and guide syndrome differentiation in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the literature features and research status of metabolomics applied in the field of Chinese medicine syndromes so as to provide reference for its application in Chinese medicine syndromes. METHODS: Databases of CNKI, WanFang, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science and Medline were retrieved for the articles addressing metabolomics applied in Chinese medicine syndromes published before June 2017. The literature database was established, and then the literature and research features were analyzed using bibliometrics and data mining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 499 articles were enrolled, including 371 journal articles from journals (74.35%), 30 conference papers (6.01), 98 dissertations (19.64), and the 371 journal papers were published in 124 journals (32 of Chinese core journals (45.28%), and 10 SCI cited journals (3.77%)). In the articles, 7 types of disease systems (mainly in digestive system and circulatory system) were classified according to the statistics, involving 23 diseases and 39 interventions. In summary, there is still a lack of standardized classification for metabolomics applied in Chinese medicine syndromes and the quality of literature is poor. We should conduct more animal experiments and explore the essence and intervention measurements of syndromes, thereby controlling the disease occurrence and development.
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BACKGROUND: Mechanisms undelying diagnosis and treatment of arthritis can be analyzed by metabonomics to study the metabolites. The combination of metabonomics and bibliometrics can systematically clarify the research status of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the research status of metabonimics in arthritis, and to prospect the future tendency. METHODS: CNKI, VIP, WanFang, CBM, PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science and Elsevier databases were searched for the articles addressing the metabonimics in arthritis published before May 2017. The keywords were "metabolomics and arthritis" in English and Chinese, respectively. Initially 201 articles were retrieved, and finally 59 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for basic information and result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Literature of metabonomics on arthritis began to be reported from 2007, and the number of literature increased with time. (2) The first author's affiliations were concentrated in universities 37(63%), hospitals 15 (25%) and institutes 7 (12%). (3) The articles included 44 articles from journals (75%), 12 dissertation (19%), 4 conference papers (7%), and the 44 papers were published in 38 kinds of journals. (4) Totally 36 articles were funded, 29 articles (49%) funded by the National Natural Science Foundation, 18 (31%) funded by department-level foundation, 10 (17%) funded by provincial foundation, 5 (8%) foreign foundation and 5 (8%) funded by school foundation. (5) The types of arthritis were mainly rheumatoid arthritis 40 (68%), osteoarthritis 7 (12%), gouty arthritis 6 (10%) and others 6 (10%). (6) The main research directions were metabonomis on treatment effectiveness 30 (51%), pathogenesis of arthritis 17 (29%), Chinese medicine syndromes 6 (10%) and research progress 6 (10%). (7) Metabolomics samples in the literature included the body fluid samples 53 (90%) and tissue samples 6 (10%). (8) Metabonomics analysis techniques included liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 33 (56%), nuclear magnetic resonance technology 15 (25%), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 10 (17%), NMR combined with GC-MS 1 (2%). In summary, metabonomics has been extensively applied in arthritis and has been an issue of concern. Understanding the side events in Chinese medicines for arthritis based on metabonomics can provide reference for the following prospective study and clinical application.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To preliminarily study the essence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients of cold-dampness arthralgia spasm syndrome (CDASS) at the protein expression level.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 24 RA patients were recruited from Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from July 2009 to September 2010. They were assigned to the CDASS group and the dampness-heat arthralgia spasm syndrome (DHASS) group according to Chinese medicine syndrome typing, 12 in each group. The normal control group consisted of 12 healthy volunteers from the Health Examination Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. The serum proteins were compared between the CDASS group and the normal control group/the DHASS group respectively using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The common differential protein spots of CDASS were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The SwissProt database was inquired using Mascot Software to identify differential proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 81 differential protein spots between the CDASS group and the normal control group. There were 45 differential protein spots between the CDASS group and the DHASS group. Thirteen protein spots were found to be higher or lower in protein expression quantity of the CDASS group when compared with those of the other two groups. Nine differential protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry and database retrieval. It's suggested that these proteins were most likely to be related with inhibition of cellular events, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and so on.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>4.1 protein and DLC-1 protein were of potential significance in the diagnosis, prognostic markers, or treatment targets of RA patients of CDASS, which also provided evidence for further studies on the essence of CDASS.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Blood , Diagnosis , Blood Proteins , Metabolism , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , ProteomicsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in patients with essential hypertension (EH) complicating with or without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Graded maximal exercise test on the bicycle ergometer with respiratory gas analysis were performed in 30 gender and age matched normotensive controls, 40 EH patients without LVH and 30 EH patients with LVH (LVMI>125 g/m2 in males and > 120 g/m2 in females). Metabolic equivalents (METs), oxygen uptake (VO2), oxygen uptake to body mass ratio (VO2/kg) and oxygen uptake to heart beat ratio (VO2/HR) at time of reaching anaerobic threshold (AT) and at maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>METs and VO2/kg were significantly reduced in EH patients with or without LVH compared with controls [at AT, METs: 3.57 +/- 0.8 and 4.34 +/- 1.47 vs. 5.21 +/- 1.45; VO2/kg: 12.38 +/- 2.85 and 14.42 +/- 4.33 vs. 18.48 +/- 4.52, all P < 0.01; at VO2max, METs: 4.94 +/- 1.24 and 5.90 +/- 1.51 vs. 6.96 +/- 1.85; VO(2)/kg: (17.20 +/- 4.34) mlxmin(-1)xkg(-1) and (20.41 +/- 4.59) mlxmin(-1)xkg(-1) vs. (24.04 +/- 5.21) mlxmin(-1)xkg(-1), all P < 0.01]. METs and VO2/kg at both time points were also significantly reduced in EH patients with LVH compared EH patients without LVH (all P < 0.05). The lower VO2/kg in hypertensive patients was significantly correlated to higher LVMI (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity was reduced in hypertensive patients, especially in hypertensive patients with LVH.</p>