ABSTRACT
@#AIM:To investigate the application of multi-mode teaching steered by “HOPE” in the clinical teaching of contact lens.<p>METHODS: Prospective study. Two classes(totally 80 students)of 2018 grade major in optometry, Nanjing Medical University, were randomly selected as experimental group(40 students, 18 males, 22 females)using multi-mode teaching(including problem-based learning, case-based learning and flipped classroom),and control group(40 students, 19 males, 21 females)using traditional teaching mode. At the end of the course, the teaching effects were evaluated by usual performance, network examination, theory test, operation test and questionnaire.<p>RESULTS: The assessment result at ordinary times: the points of experiment group(16.46±2.19)points was higher than the control group(13.81±2.95)points(<i>t</i>=6.36, <i>P<</i>0.01); Network examination result: the points of experiment group(9.37±1.57)points was higher than the control group(7.21±1.46)points(<i>t</i>=4.39, <i>P=</i>0.01); Theory of the assessment result: the points of experiment group(40.41±3.48)points was higher than the control group(36.29±3.34)points(<i>t</i>=9.25, <i>P</i><0.01); The assessment result of operation: the points of experiment group(18.22±2.69)was higher than the control group(16.28±2.52)(<i>t</i>=3.25, <i>P=</i>0.02); Total grade: the points of experiment group(84.46±5.26)was higher than the control group(73.69±6.35)(<i>t</i>=11.26,<i>P<</i>0.01). Contact lens teaching effect feedback questionnaire results showed that: students based on the concept of “HOPE” teaching mode were more satisfied than control group, and they think it had more advantages than traditional teaching group in learning initiative and improving teaching efficiency, cultivating clinical thinking ability, improving the communication power of expression(all <i>P<</i>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Multi-mode teaching(PBL, CBL and flipped classroom)steered by “HOPE” in the clinical teaching of contact lens can stimulate students'interest in learning, improve the quality of teaching and achieve better teaching effect.
ABSTRACT
@#AIM: To observe vascular density and foveal avascular zone(FAZ)in macular area for diabetic macular edema(DME)with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)when before and after intravitreal injection of rainbizumab.<p>METHODS: For the 45 DME patients(52 eyes)whose diagnosis were confirmed by ophthalmic clinical examination, their sick eyes were examined by OCTA with macular area 3x3mm scanning range model when before and 1wk after intravitreal injection of rainbizumab, and obtain vascular density of superficial capillary plexus(SCP), deep capillary plexus(DCP), and the number of microaneurysm and the area, perimeter and the roundness index in FAZ, and do block matching <i>t</i>-test.<p>RESULTS: There was no statistical difference for the vascular density of SCP before and after treatment(<i>t</i>=1.635, <i>P</i>=0.10). Vascular density(46.59%±4.91%)of DCP after treatment were more than before treatment(42.47%±4.16%), and it was statistically significant difference(<i>t</i>=1.014, <i>P</i>=0.02). There was no statistical difference for the number of microaneurysm in SCP when before and after treatment(<i>t</i>=1.623, <i>P</i>=0.21); But the number of microaneurysm(6.10±0.67)in DCP after treatment decreased obviously than before treatment(8.21±0.41),and the difference was statistically significant(<i>t</i>=1.124, <i>P</i>=0.01). The area and perimeter of FAZ after treatment increased than before treatment, but there was no statistical difference(<i>P</i>>0.05); The roundness index of FAZ after treatment was lower than before treatment,and there was also no statistical difference(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The capillary circulation in DCP increased in short term for sick eyes of DME after intravitreal injection of rainbizumab, and the number of microaneurysm in DCP reduced, but the change in SCP is not obvious. At the same time, the area, perimeter and the roundness index of FAZ had no significant meaning of clinical observation for DME with injection of rainbizumab.
ABSTRACT
@#AIM: To observe the short-term efficacy of intravitreal injection of aflibercept on macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO). <p>METHODS: Totally 24 patients(24 eyes)with macular edema secondary to RVO confirmed by ophthalmic clinical examination received intravitreal injection of aflibercept from May to October in 2019 in hospital. Before and after the 1wk, 1mo treatment, all the eyes of the sick were examined with best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), optical coherence tomography angiography(3x3mm scanning range model)BCVA, central macular thickness(CMT), vascular density of superficial capillary plexus(SCP), vascular density of deep capillary plexus(DCP), and the area, perimeter and the roundness index in foveal avascular zone(FAZ)were observed. <p>RESULTS: Intravitreal injection of aflibercept for 1wk and 1mo, BCVA improved with the difference were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05); The treatment for 1wk and 1mo, CMT decreased with the difference were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.001); There were no statistical difference for the vascular density of SCP,DCP and FD-300 before and after treatment 1wk, 1mo(<i>P</i>>0.05), and it revealed there was no obvious change for vascular density of SCP,DCP and FD-300(All <i>P</i>>0.05); The area and perimeter of FAZ after treatment increased obviously, and the roundness index of FAZ decreased than before with the difference were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: For macular edema secondary to RVO, eyesight improved and edema absorbed obviously with the intravitreal injection of aflibercept in short-term clinical observation. At the same time, FAZ become regular and macular ischemia wasn't aggravated after treatment.
ABSTRACT
Background Researches showed that the content of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) increases in blood,aqueous humor and tear of cataract patient.But the function of NO and NOS in cataract formation is still elusive.Objective The aim of this study was to explore the prevention and treatment effect of NOS inhibitor,1-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME),on galactose cataract.Methods Sixty clean three-week-old Wistar rats were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups.0.9％ Normal saline solution (30 ml/kg) was subcutaneously injected every day for 30 days in the rats of the control group,and 50％ of D-galactose solution (30 ml/kg) was used in the rats of the model and L-NAME group at the same way.L-NAME eye drops was simultaneously administered in the L-NAME group 3 times per day for 30 days.The eyes of the rats were examined under the slit lamp in 10,20 and 30 days,and the degree of lens opacification was scored.Lenses of the rats were obtained at the end of this experiment for the detect of NO,NOS contents.Flow cytometry was used to assay the caspase-3 level of rat lens.Repeated measurement two factor analysis of variance was used to analyze the difference of lens opacification scores in different groups and different time points,and one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences of NO,NOS and caspase-3 contents in lens among the groups.Results Lens opacification appeared in 10 days after injection of 50％ D-galactose solution in the rats of the model group and L-NAME group.Lens opacification score was higher among the different groups and different time points (Ftime =435.251,P =0.000 ;Fgroup =395.120,P=0.000).NO content in the lens was (0.45±0.15) μmol/g,(2.67 ± 0.47) μmol/g and (1.68±0.34) μmol/g in the control group,model group and L-NAME group,showing a significant difference (F=58.872,P=0.000).The NOS contents in the lens was (0.0160±0.0020) U/ml,(0.0370±0.0040) U/ml and (0.0270±0.0010) U/ml in the control group,model group and L-NAME group,showing a significant difference (F =66.174,P=0.000).Caspase-3 contents in the lens was (339.4 ± 37.9),(697.7 ± 46.5) and (650.7 ± 53.1),Showing a significant difference among them (F =100.005,P =0.000).Conclusions The increase of NO,NOS and caspase3 levels are associated with lens opacification.Topical administration of L-NAME eye drops can down-regulate NOS content in lens,reduce the NO formation and inhibit the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells.
ABSTRACT
2cm~2.Conclusions The auto-cranial pedicle flap via endonasal repairing blow-out fractures of or- bital inferior wails is an effective technique.The results are good for improving eye movement especially for fracture ranged≤2cm~2. (Ophthalmol CHN,2007,16:388-390)