ABSTRACT
Accumulative evidences have underpinned the nature candidates from Chinese medicine (CM), particularly CM served as blood activating and stasis resolving (BASR, Huoxue Huayu in Chinese) by targeting tumor-associated angiogenesis. However, recent experiment research on the therapeutic angiogenesis by BASR-CM attracts wide attention and discussion. This opinion review focused on the underlying link between two indications and anticipated that (1) BASR-CM might emphasize on a balanced multi-cytokines network interaction; (2) BASR-CM might address on the nature of diseases prior to differently affecting physiological and pathological angiogenesis; (3) BASR-CM might mainly act on perivascular cells, either promotes arteriogenesis by increasing arteriogenic factors in ischemic diseases, or simultaneously keep a quiescent vasculature to impede angiogenesis in tumor context.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Chemistry , Therapeutic Uses , Antineoplastic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Therapeutic Uses , Models, Biological , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Blood , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether apollon immunoexpression in breast cancer tissues helps to predict pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of Apollon, Her-2, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were detected immunohistochemically in biopsy tissues from 124 breast cancer patients. The clinical responses to NAC were evaluated in line with the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). The pCR rate was analyzed for different types of breast cancer. The correlations between Apollon status with Her-2, ER, PR, lymph node status and tumor size were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to compared the changes in Apollon expression in the breast cancer tissues before and after NAC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pCR rate was 18.5% (23/124) in these patients. Negative expressions of apollon, ER and PR were all associated with a higher pCR rate after NAC. Apollon was significantly correlated with Her-2, ER, PR and lymph node involvement. Chemotherapy significantly down-regulated apollon expression in the tumor cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A negative apollon expression might be a predictor of pCR in patients with breast cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Biopsy , Breast Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Immunohistochemistry , Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins , Metabolism , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Receptor, ErbB-2 , Metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen , Metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone , MetabolismABSTRACT
Special emphasis about cancer metastasis was concentrated on tumor cells themselves, and we usually considered the ability of migration and invasion was the final decider. Recently, bewaring of tumor microenvironment is a fundamental determinant in metastasis has become the most outstanding breakthrough. Considerable "microbes" in the microenvironment are closely linked with tumor metastatic behaviors, and the major proportion of them is tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Actually, TAMs conserve immediate "cross-talk" with cancer cells throughout tumor development. It is generally accepted that TAMs have mostly pro-tumoral functions and play an important role in several stages of tumor progression. This progression involves a series of events that leads from the primary site to the metastatic site, including tumor cell growth, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, intravasation and finally extravasation at distant site where the process begins again (metastasis). Thereby, TAMs has attracted substantial attentions in recent years and could become a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on the multi-functions of TAMs in cancer and certain drugs targeting TAMs for cancer treatment those are under experimental research procedures or have even been entered human clinical tests.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Macrophages , Metabolism , Neoplasms , Pathology , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
Receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) has long been a focus in studies of diabetic vascular diseases. Recently, clinical evidence has shown that the expression level of RAGE is high in liver, stomach, pancreas and prostate cancer tissues whereas the expression level of RAGE is lower in chondrosarcoma and lung cancer tissues. The abnormal expression of RAGE is closely associated with tumorgenesis, angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis. This review summarizes the abnormal expression of RAGE in different tumors and its role in carcinogenesis and development of tumor. Copyright© 2011 by TUMOR.