ABSTRACT
The pharmacological activities of natural glycosides are closely related to the polyfunctional sugar moieties. Modification of active natural products by glycosylation can change the stereochemical configuration, improve the solubility, tune up the activities and change pharmacokinetic properties for higher efficacy and better selectivity. Compared with the common D-glucose, D-allose, a C-3 epimer of D-glucose rarely exists in nature, but it plays an important role in food, health, medicine, and so on. It is not easily metabolized in the living organisms, but can be used as a safe and low-calorie sweetener. The natural allopyranosides are absolute conjugation forms which are same as other glucopyranosides and rhamno-pyranosides with a broad array of biological activities. This article summarizes the major progresses made in phytochemistry and biological activity studies of these compounds. Structure-activity relationship analyses of partial anti-tumor and anti-diabetic allopyranosides were performed regarding the data reported in the literatures. These insights may provide a theoretical and experimental reference for the discovery of new drug and drug design based on allopyranosides.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Istais indigotica from different habitas by ISSR-PCR marker technique, so as to provide the reference for its germplasm identification and breeding. Methods: Twenty-three samples of I. indigotica and its variation types from the different habitas of China were studied by ISSR-PCR markers. The Jaccard coefficient was worked out by NTSYS-pc software, and a cluster dendrogram of different samples was established based on the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Results: Ten ISSR primers generated 109 loci of which 88 loci were polymorphic. The average percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 80.7%. The germplasm of I. indigotica had the plentiful genetic diversity. In the cluster dendrogram, the studied samples were clustered into three groups, the first one included majority samples, the second was the variation type with hair, and the third one was the farthermost, which was separated at the coefficient of 0.62. Conclusion: ISSR method is suitable for the germplasm identification and genetic diversity analysis of I. indigotica, thus providing a biological theoretical foundation for its cultivation and breeding.
ABSTRACT
This paper aimed to investigate the botanical origins of Isatidis Radix and Isatidis Folium, and clarify the confusion of its classification. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA, the chloroplast matK gene of 22 samples from some major production areas were amplified and sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner. Phylogenetic study was performed using MEGA 4.0 software in accordance with the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining methods. The results showed that the length of ITS2 sequence of the botanical origins of Isatidis Radix and Isatidis Folium was 191 bp. The sequence showed that some samples had several SNP sites, and some samples had heterozygosis sites. In the NJ tree, based on ITS2 sequence, the studied samples were separated into two groups, and one of them was gathered with Isatis tinctoria L. The studied samples also were divided into two groups obviously based on the chloroplast matK gene. In conclusion, our results support that the botanical origins of Isatidis Radix and Isatidis Folium are Isatis indigotica Fortune, and Isatis indigotica and Isatis tinctoria are two distinct species. This study doesn't support the opinion about the combination of these two species in Flora of China.