ABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the effect of marine herbal seahorse on chronic unpredictable mild stress ( CUMS ) -induced depression-like model in zebrafish. Methods Adult zebrafish were divided into control, Stress,Stress + low dose (Stress +0.044% SH) and Stress + high dose (Stress +0. 22% SH) seahorse intervention groups, and depression-like behavior was identified by novel tank test (NTT), cortisol, interleukin ( IL )-6 and interferon (IFN )-γ levels were detected by ELISA. The levels of dopamine (DA) ,norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The mRNA expression levels of tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH)-2 and 5-HT2A receptor were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the Stress group showed significantly longer latency to reach the top in NTT, significantly reduced number of transfers to the top region and top residence time, significantly increased levels of cortisol and IL-6, IFN-γ protein, significantly reduced levels of DA and 5-HT in brain as well as increased metabolism rate of 5-HT, while 5-HT2A mRNA expression was up-regulated and TPH2 mRNA expression was down-regulated. In contrast, low-dose seahorse intervention effectively reduced anxiety, decreased cortisol and IL-6 and IFN-γ concentrations, increased monoamine neurotransmitter levels and reversed dysregulation of the 5-HT ergic system in CUMS zebrafish. Conclusion Seahorse may exert an-tidepressant effects through anti-inflammation and mod¬ulation of monoamine neurotransmitter levels.
ABSTRACT
Objective • To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the endometriosis health profile-5 (EHP-5) and to evaluate whether patients with different syndromes can be well discriminated with EHP-5. Methods • A total of 102 patients with pathologically proven endometriosis completed the questionnaire. The reliability and internal consistency of the Chinese version of EHP-5 were assessed by Cronbach's α coefficient. Creteria validity of the Chinese version of EHP-5 was investigated by comparing it with the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D). The patients were further subdivided into two subgroups according to the symptom of dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menstrual disorder or infertility. The scores in the five items of core questionnaire were compared between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients using Mann-Whitney U test. Results • The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.877 for five items from the core questionnaire, and 0.843 for six items from the modular questionnaire. The internal consistency also showed satisfactory result (Cronbach's α>0.7). The correlations of related subscale scores between EHP-5 and EQ-5D were significant in some dimensions. There was significant differences in scores between asymptomatic and symptomatic subgroups divided by the symptom of dysmenorrhea or dyspareunia. But no significant difference was founds in scores between asymptomatic and symptomatic subgroups divided by the symptom of menstrual disorders or infertility. Conclusion • The Chinese version of EHP-5 is an acceptable, reliable and valid measure of quality of life in endometriosis patients with the symptom of dysmenorrhea or dysmenorrhea. However, EHP-5 could not well discriminate endometriosis patients with the symptom of menstrual disorder or infertility. More specific items are necessary so as to make EHP-5 an intervention tool for the prognosis and follow-up of patients with different symptoms.