The optimization and assessment of the method for inducing hyperuricemia in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

To explore an effective method for inducing a rat model with hyperuricemia in a short period and assess the effects of the model. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were adopted as donors and randomly divided into control group (CT group, n=6) and 5 model groups (M1-M5 groups, n=8 in each group). M1 group (gavage with 10 g/kg yeast extracts and 100 mg/kg adenine, twice per day, 300 mg/kg oxonic acid potassium by intraperitoneal injection, in the 7 day of model inducing), M2 group (gavage with 10 g/kg yeast extracts and 100 mg/kg adenine, twice per day, 300 mg/kg oxonic acid potassium by intraperitoneal injection, in the 1, 3 and 7 day of model inducing),M3 group (gavage with 10 g/kg yeast extracts and 100 mg/kg adenine, twice per day, 300 mg/kg oxonic acid potassium by intraperitoneal injection, once per day during the model inducing), M4 group (gavage with 20 g/kg yeast extracts and 100 mg/kg adenine, twice per day, 300 mg/kg oxonic acid potassium by intraperitoneal injection, once per day during the model inducing), M5 group (gavage with 30 g/kg yeast extracts and 100 mg/kg adenine, twice per day, 300 mg/kg oxonic acid potassium by intraperitoneal injection, once per day during the model inducing), and group CT (gavaged with equal volume sterilized water and intraperitoneal injected with normal saline according to the weight and at the same frequency as the model groups). The model inducing lasted for 7 days. After the inducing was finished, blood and 24-hour urine were sampled for uric acid and creatinine determination. Then rats were maintained for 2 weeks and blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected, the concentration of uric acid and creatinine were detected. The kidney and stomach were weighed,morphological changes in kidney were observed. After model inducing, the body weight of rats in all model groups was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.01). Deaths occurred in all the rats with model treatments except M2. M4 and M5 groups were failed to be analyzed because of the high mortality, model 1 and 3 groups had 4 and 2 deaths, respectively. The uric acid levels in blood and urine of the model groups were significantly elevated (P＜ 0.01) at the end of model inducing. The model 2 group's blood uric acid was highest among the model groups (P＜0.05). It sustained a higher concentration than CT group in the three model groups after 2 weeks feeding (P＜0.05). The kidneys in model groups obviously swelling and were heavier than CT group (P＜0.01). The inflammation and structural damages were observed in kidneys of all model groups. The yeast extract (10 g/kg), adenine (100 mg/kg) gavage combined with intraperitoneal injections(the 1, 3, 7 day during inducing) of potassium oxonate can be an rapid and effective method for inducing the rat model with hyperuricemia, which can be suggested to the related research.

Experience of intracavitary surgical therapy for duplex kidney and ureter with upper urinary tract calculi / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the intracavitary surgical therapy and efficacy for the patients with duplex kidney and ureter with upper urinary tract calculi. Methods The clinical data of twenty-six cases with duplex kidney and ureter with upper urinary tract calculi were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of 26 patients who underwent intracavitary surgical treatment, 5 patients were treated by ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL), 15 by retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), 6 by mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL). All 26 cases were performed successfully. No severe complications such as septic shock, heavy blood loss, ureter injury, and pneumothorax occurred. 23 patients with nephrohydrosis were followed up for 2 to 24 months and most of them improved at different extents. Conclusion The current technique of intracavitary surgery in the management of duplex kidney and ureter concomitant with upper urinary tract calculi, has the advantages of less trauma, rapid recovery, safety and so on.

Clinical value of whole-body magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging on detection of malignant metastases / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of whole-body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) on detection of malignant metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-six patients with malignant tumors underwent WB-DWI examinations between April 2007 and August 2007 in our hospital. Before WB-DWI examination, the primary cancers of all the patients were confirmed by pathology, and the TNM-stage was assessed with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). WB-DWI was performed using short TI inversion recovery echo-planar imaging (STIR-EPI) sequence. Abnormal high signal intensities on WB-DWI were considered as metastases. The results of WB-DWI were compared with other imaging modalities. For the assessment of the diagnostic capability of WB-DWI, WB-DWI were compared with CT for demonstrating mediastinal lymph node metastases and lung metastases, and with conventional MRI for demonstrating metastases in other locations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>WB-DWI demonstrated 143 focuses, 14 of which were diagnosed to be benign lesions in routine imaging. The number of bone metastases depicted on WB-DWI and routine imaging was 85 and 86; lymph node metastases was 17 and 18; liver metastases was 14 and 14; lung metastases was 4 and 8; and brain metastases was 6 and 8, respectively. WB-DWI failed to detect 12 metastatic lesions including 3 osteoplastic bone metastases, 4 lung metastases, 3 mediastinal lymph node metastases, and 2 brain metastases. Four metastatic lesions including 2 deltopectoral lymph nodes and 2 rib metastases were detected with WB-DWI alone, all of which evolved greatly during clinical follow-up for more than 6 months. WB-DWI had higher detection rates for metastatic lesions in liver, bone, and lymph nodes than those in lung and brain (chi2=30, P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>WB-DWI could detect most of metastatic lesions that were diagnosed with conventional MRI and CT. The limitations of WB-DWI might be had high false-positive rate and low efficiency in detecting mediastinal lymph node, brain, and lung metastases.</p>

Effect of siRNA targeting centromere protein-A gene on biological behavior of HepG2 cells / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of siRNA inhibition of CENP-A expression on the biological behavior of HepG2 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three pairs of 21 bp reverse repeated motifs of CENP-A target sequence with 9 spacer were synthesized and inserted into vector pSilencer 2.1-U6 neo to generate siRNA eukaryotic expression plasmids. After stable transfection into HepG2 cells, cell growth, apoptosis, cell cycles and plate clone forming efficiency were investigated. Expressions of CENP-A mRNA was monitored by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expression of CENP-A, bcl-2, Bax, p53, p21waf1 and mdm2 were detected by Western-blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two eukaryotic expression plasmids with significant siRNA specific inhibition to the CENP-A gene were created. Compared with control cells, HepG2 cells transfected with the constructs showed G1 phase delay (P < 0.01) and cell number decrease in the S phase (P < 0.001), along with an increased apoptotic rate (P = 0.003), significant increase of Bax expression and decreased bcl-2 expression (P< or =0.001). The protein expressions of p21waf1 was higher and mdm2 was lower than those of the control groups. However, the wild type p53 protein expression was not effected by CENP-A siRNA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>An altered expression of CENP-A may be related to the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma through cell cycle regulation involving an altered bcl-2/Bax expression, that may be p53 independent.</p>

Genetic alteration and expression of ING1 in human lung carcinoma / 肿瘤

Objective: To detect the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of ING1 gene microsatellite and the expression of p33ING1b protein in lung carcinoma and to investigate their association with the carcinogenesis of lung cancer. Methods: Seventy cases of fresh-frozen lung cancers and 217 cases formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were examined. The LOH frequency of ING1 gene microsatellite was detected by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphisms (PCR-SSCP) method. The expression of p33ING1b protein was determined by immunohistochemical method and tissue microarray technology. Results: The total LOH frequency of four microsatellites of ING1 gene was 55.7% (39/70) in lung carcinomas. The LOH had higher frequency if it was closer to the ING1 locus. But the LOH frequency had no correlation with clinicopathological parameters. The total LOH frequency of p33ING1b protein was 47.0% (102/217) in lung carcinomas. The positivity of p33ING1b in squamous carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adenocarcinoma (AC), adenosquamous carcinoma (AdCa), and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) (P <0.05), while there was no significant difference between AC, AdCa, and BAC. The expression of p33ING1b protein was not associated with the clinicopathological characteristics but a negative correlation with LOH frequency was observed (P <0.05). Conclusion: There existes higher frequency of low expression or deletion of ING1 protein in lung carcinoma tissues. The LOH of ING1 gene microsatellites also have a higher frequency. LOH is one of the important reasons for the abnormal expression of ING1 gene, which causes the down-regulation of ING1 gene and inactivation of ING1 protein. Finally ING looses its inhibitory effect on the growth of tumor cells and results in carcinogenesis of lung cancer.

Research Progress on Rcombinant Hepatitis B e Antigen / 中国生物工程杂志

HBeAg is an ungranular secretory protein,which encoded by C gene of HBV DNA and it increases with the replication of HBV. So it is one of the markers of active replication of HBV in clinical diagnosis. HBeAg is important biologic raw materials which is widely used in preparation of related diagnostic articles with HBV infection serological detection. The technology of expression and purification of recombinant HBeAg is quite mature,which had successfully expressed the target protein in various expression systems. The key factors on HBeAg expression include important site mutation in precore region ,the choice of vectors,effects of RNA interference(RNAi)and so on. Therefore,in order to meet requirements of related diagnostic products,it need to improve expression level and purity of recombinant HBeAg and avoid cross-reaction with HBcAg. In a word,it showed that acquisition of high quality recombinant HBeAg could lay substantial foundation for improving diagnostic products,provide a reliable evidence for exploiting new type of therapeutic and preventive HBV vaccine and offer possibility of HBeAb detection methodological optimization.

The study of estrogen receptor in bladder cancer and prostate cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Estrogen receptor(ER),an important transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily,comprises two subtypes ER?and ER?.Estrogen receptor is expressed in prostate cancer and ladder cancer and has a compacted relationship with them.In this review,we summarized the structure,distri- bution,function of different estrogen receptor subtypes and progress in study on relationship between different estrogen receptor subtypes and prostate or bladder cancer.