ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prospectively evaluate the long-term effect of pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymphadenectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-one patients with ductal adenocarcinoma in the pancreatic head treated from 1996 to 2001 were studied prospectively. The enrollment of the patients was dependent on 7 criteria. The patients were divided into two groups: regional lymphadenectomy (group A, n = 50) and routine Whipple procedure (group B, n = 71). Their pre- and postoperative conditions, clinicopathological data, survival rates were studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was comparable between the 2 groups in age, sex, preoperative risk factors, operative management, and postoperative complication. Clinicopathological results showed no difference in tumor size and plexus invasion; but the frequency of lymph node involvement and the amount of resected lymph node in group A were significantly higher than those in group B. The rate of local recurrence was significantly higher in group A than in group B. The survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5-year in group A were 70.8%, 31.4%, 20.9%, respectively, which were higher than those in group B. No direct relations were observed between nodal involvement and survival rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lymphadenectomy in radical pancreaticoduodenectomy could remove lymph nodes effectively and sufficiently, and reduce the rate of local recurrence so as to improve the long-term survival rate.</p>