Effects of cold induced RNA binding protein on hippocampal neurons and mitochondrial damage after mild hypothermia in a rat model of cardiac arrest / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveMild hypothermia was an effective way of cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest. The expression of cold-induced RNA binding protein (CIRP) was significantly enhanced when the temperature was lowered. This study was to evaluate the effects and the mechanisms of CIRP inhibition on hippocampal neurological and mitochondria function after mild hypothermia in a rat model of cardiac arrest.MethodsFive male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with AAV9 in the hippocampus, 1 μL on each side, speeding 0.2 μL/min. The expression of GFP was observed by fluorescence microscopy after 2w. Sixty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n= 12 for each group): sham operation group, model group, mild hypothermia group, mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group and mild hypothermia + normal control group. Injection of AAV9 was performed on mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group, same amount of empty vector on mild hypothermia + normal control group, while normal saline on the other groups. Animal models of global cerebral IR were established by transesophageal cardiac pacing inducing cardiac arrest followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation at 2w after injection. Cooling to 32-34℃ was initiated and the temperature was maintained for 6h on mild hypothermia groups. NDS score, HE staining and pyramidal cell counting on hippocampal CA1 area were performed at 72h after reperfusion. At 24h after reperfusion, mitochondrial structure of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 was observed under electronic microscope and the expressions of CIRP, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and cytochrome C (Cyt-C) were detected by Western blot.ResultsThe NDS score of model group was decreased, the number of pyramidal cells was reduced, and the mitochondria were severely damaged. The NDS score of mild hypothermia group was increased, and the number of pyramidal cells was increased (all P<0.05), and mitochondrial damage was reduced compared with model group. In mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group, the NDS score was no significant difference compared with mild hypothermia + normal control group and model group, and the number of pyramidal cells was lower than that in mild hypothermia + normal control group [(27.2±4.9) vs (50.2±4.4), P<0.05], similar to model group (25.2±3.8), the damage of mitochondria was severe. After 2 weeks of AAV9 injection, GFP was widely expressed in the hippocampus. The expression of CIRP in mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group was respectively small compared with sham operation group [(0.14±0.03) vs (0.03±0.01),P<0.05], which was successfully inhibited by injection of AAV9. The expression of CIRP in model group (0.25±0.05) was significantly higher than that in sham operation group. The expression of CIRP in mild hypothermia group (0.37±0.08) and mild hypothermia + normal control group (0.39±0.04) were higher than that in model group (all P<0.05). The trends of Drp1 and Cyt-C expression were the same, in model group was higher than that in sham operation group, in mild hypothermia group was lower than that in model group, in mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group was higher than in mild hypothermia + normal control group (all P<0.05); There were no significant differences between model group and mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group, and between mild hypothermia group and mild hypothermia + normal control group.ConclusionInhibition of CIRP expression in hippocampus can weaken the protective effects of mild hypothermia on neurons in a rat model of cardiac arrest. The mechanism of those effects might be association with mitochondrial division.

The role of parvalbumin interneuron-mediated disinhibition in the antidepressant effects of ketamine / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveTo observe the role of parvalbumin interneuron-mediated disinhibition in the antidepressant effects of ketamine.MethodsForty-eight adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=12): group Saline + Saline (group SS), group LPS + Saline (group LS), group Saline + Ketamine (group SK) and group LPS + Ketamine (group LK). The depression model was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1 mg/kg), and ketamine (10 mg/kg) or physiological saline (equal volume) intraperitoneally injected 20 hours later. Four hours after ketamine administration, the open field test and the forced swimming test were performed. The hippocampus was harvested after the behavioral test. PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of PV and GAD67. Electrophysiology were used to detect the change of miniExcitatory post-synaptic current of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus CA1 region.ResultsCompared with the group SS, the time spent in the center zone of the arena was significantly decreased, the immobility time was significantly increased, the mRNA and protein content of PV were significantly increased, the amplitude and frequency of miniEPSC were significantly decreased in the group LS (P0.05).ConclusionKetamine can exert rapid antidepressant effects by down-regulating the expression of PV and then exerting disinhibition regulation on pyramidal neurons.

Study advances in regulation effect of Tripterygium wilfordii and its extracts on innate immune system in rheumatoid arthritis cases / 中国中药杂志

Rheumatoid arthritis( RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic and aggressive polyarthritis. The innate immunity mechanism plays a key role in the pathogenesis of RA. Tripterygium wilfordii and its extracts have regulatory effects on innate immune cells including macrophages,dendritic cells,neutrophils,mast cells,NK cells,NKT cells,etc.,as well as a variety of innate immune molecules including cytokines,adhesion molecules,patterns recognition receptor( PRR) and the complement molecules,showing a regulatory effect in the pathogenesis of RA innate immunity. In this paper,the recent domestic and foreign researches on the pathogenesis of RA with innate immunity involved were reviewed and the research status of T. wilfordii and its extracts on the regulation of innate immunity involved in RA was summarized.

The role of glucocorticoids and its receptors in comorbidity of chronic pain and depression / 医学研究生学报

Chronic pain and depression often co-exist, which seriously affects the life quality of the patients. Glucocorticoids, as a stress hormone, are significantly higher in chronic pain and depression. Meanwhile, continuous elevated glucocorticoids can also cause chronic pain and depression. Recent studies show that glucocorticoid and its receptors also play a role in comorbidity.The specific mechanism including, the levels of glucocorticoids and the function of its receptors changes cause inflammation factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor, serotonin and other cytokines changes,which eventually lead to chronic pain and depression comorbidity.

Relatively light general anesthesia is more effective than fluid expansion in reducing the severity of epinephrine-induced hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Epinephrine infiltration of the nasal mucosa causes hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) under general anesthesia. A prospective randomized-controlled study was designed to determine whether relatively light general anesthesia is superior to fluid expansion in reducing epinephrine-induced hypotension during FESS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety patients undergoing elective FESS under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to three groups with 30 patients in each. Each patient received local infiltration with adrenaline-containing (5 microg/ml) lidocaine (1%, 4 ml) under different conditions. For Group I, anesthesia was maintained with propofol 2 microg/ml and rimifentanil 2 ng/ml by TCI. Group II (control group) and Group III received propofol 4 microg/ml and rimifentanil 4 ng/ml, respectively. In Groups I and II, fluid expansion was performed with hetastarch 5 ml/kg within 20 minutes; hetastarch 10 ml/kg was used in Group III. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at 30-second-intervals for 5 minutes after the beginning of local infiltration. Simultaneously, the lowest and the highest MAP were recorded to calculate the mean maximum increase or decrease percent in MAP for all patients in each group. Data analysis was performed by chi(2) test, one-way analysis of variance, or one-way analysis of covariance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hemodynamic changes, particularly a decrease in MAP accompanied by an increase in HR at 1.5 minutes (P < 0.05), were observed in all groups. The mean maximum decrease in MAP below baseline was 14% in Group I, 24% in Group III and 26% in Group II. There were statistically significant differences between Group I and Groups II and III (P < 0.05). The mean maximum increase in MAP above baseline was 9% in Group I, 6% in Group III and 2% in Group II.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Relatively light general anesthesia can reduce the severity of epinephrine-induced hypotension more effectively than fluid expansion during FESS under general anesthesia.</p>

Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in young and adolescent females in Luoyang City / 中华全科医师杂志

0.05).Overall prevalence of UI was 15.93% in the students,20.45% in those of junior high school,10.44% in senior high school and 16.72% in university(P0.05),accounting for 63.90%,10.47% and 25.63% of the total students with UI.Conclusions Great importance should be attached to the higher prevalence of LUTS in young and adolescent females by gynecologists and urologists.More attention should also be paid to health education on LUTS and medical care for those with LUTS to alleviate and delay occurrence of UI symptoms.