Trans-fatty acid content in edible vegetable oil under different high temperatures / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveAn experimental method was established to determine the level of trans-fatty acids in edible vegetable oil and the changes of trans-fatty acid content during high-temperature simulated cooking. MethodsFour common edible vegetable oils on the market were selected， and three temperature points were set at 180 ℃ （light stir-fry）， 220 ℃ （fry） and 260 ℃ （stir fry）. The samples were taken after the heat treatment of 0， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6 and 7 hours，respectively， to investigate the changes of trans-fatty acid content. ResultsUnder the heat treatment of 180 ℃ and 220 ℃， the content of trans-fatty acids remained basically stable in rapeseed oil， corn oil， soybean oil and olive oil. Under the heating condition of 260 ℃， the content of trans-fatty acids in these four vegetable oils increased significantly， and the absolute content of trans-fatty acids in rapeseed oil was the highest， reaching 6.84%. Soybean oil showed the larger increase， up to 247.90% from the initial content. The content of trans-fatty acids in olive oil increased from 0.26% to 1.69%， although the increase was large， but the absolute content of trans-fatty acids was still low. The content of trans-fatty acids in sesame oil increased significantly under the three temperatures， reaching 4.79% when heated at 260 ℃， and an increase of 369.61% compared with no heating. ConclusionTrans-fatty acid content in edible vegetable oils increases significantly in the cooking process， the higher the temperature and the longer the cooking time， the more significant the increase. It is recommended to avoid high temperature cooking and long time fried food.

Practice and outcomes of lean management at outpatient clinic process optimization / 中华医院管理杂志

Targeting such setbacks as difficulty to registerand difficulty to see doctors at outpatient clinic services,the hospital adopted the lean management since August 2010.For example,diversified reengineering of the outpatient service process in place,which has improved outpatient traffic at the registration section by means of innovated appointment mode and outpatients total reservation;workload balance by means of through-counters for registration and fee payment as well as the timeinterval outpatient visits to doctors; reduced human costs and outpatient back-forth movement by means of integrated service and resources integration.Lean management plays a positive role in hospital management,as proven by much shortened outpatient waiting time,much higher outpatient satisfaction,for a win-win of both patients and the hospital.