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Objective To investigate the eftect of radiation dose of dual-source computed tomography (CT) dual energy single-phase enhanced scan in patients with esophageal cancer.Methods The prospective study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 56 patients with esophageal cancer who were admitted to the Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2015 and December 2016 were collected.All the patients were divided into the experimental group (undergoing dual-source CT dual energy single-phase enhanced scan) and control group (undergoing dual-phase CT enhanced scan) bv randomised block method.TNM classification of esophageal cancer (Seventh Edition) published by American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) was used as a standard TNM staging.Two observers independently read films.All the patients underwent radical resection of esophageal cancer or palliative surgery,and then received adjuvant radiochemotherapy.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative survival of patients up to March 2017.Observation indicators:(1) consistencies of T staging,N staging and M staging;(2) accuracies of T staging,N staging and M staging (pathological results as a gold standard);(3) radiation dose of CT scan;(4) treatment and follow-up situations.The Kappa test was used for evaluating the consistency,κ≥0.75 as a good consistency,0.40≤κ＜0.75 as a normal consistency and κ＜0.40 as a poor consistency.Comparisons of count data and ratio were done by the chi-square test.Comparisons of measurement data were analyzed by the t test.Results A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study,including 25 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group.(1) Consistencies of T staging,N staging and M staging:all the 50 patients finished successfully CT scans.Two observers considered that consistencies of T staging,N staging and M staging in the 2 groups were normal (κ =0.452,0.618,0.729,P＜0.05).Consistencies of N staging and M staging were superior to T staging.(2) The pathological results were used as a gold standard.Accuracies of T staging,N staging and M staging in the experimental and control groups were 72％,76％ and 88％,84％ and 92％,88％,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.10,0.37,0.50,P＞0.05).(3) Radiation dose of CT scan:volume CT dose index (CTDIvol),dose length production (DLP) and effective radiation dose (E) were (10.35±2.01) mGy,(400.63± 34.13) mGy · cm,(5.61 ± 0.47) mSv in the experimental group and (3.55 ± 0.60)mGy,(140.66± 10.89) mGy · cm,(1.98±0.17) mSv in the control group,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in CTDIvol and E between the 2 groups (t =16.23,36.30,P＜0.05).(4) Treatment and follow-up situations:of 50 patients,43 patients received treatments,including 32 undergoing radical resection (11 receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy),6 undergoing palliative surgery,3 receiving single radiotherapy and 2 receiving single chemotherapy.Thirty-six of 43 patients were followed up for 3-18 months,with a median time of 6 months.During follow-up,1-year survival rate was 61.1％.Conclusion Dual-source CT dual energy single-phase enhanced scan in patients with esophageal cancer cannot reduce accuracy of TNM staging,but decreased effectively radiation dose.
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Objective To investigate the effects of endogenous estrogen on blood glucose level,serum insulin level,and plasma total antioxidant capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female mice,and to explore possible protective effects of estrogen on pancreatic islet cells.Methods Female mice were randomly according to body weight divided into four groups:( 1 ) Sham( Sham operation and vehicle administration) ; ( 2 ) Ovx( ovariectomy and vebicle administration ) ; ( 3 ) Sham + STZ ( Sham operation and STZ administration ) ; and ( 4 ) Ovx + STZ ( ovariectomy and STZ administration).The diabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,50 mg/kg ).Blood glucose levels were measured once a week.Results The blood glucose level and malondialdehyde of Ovx group were higher than that in Sham group,while total anti-oxidant capacity ( T-AOC ) was lower than those in Sham group.the blood glucose level and MDA of Ovx+ STZ group were higher than those in Sham +STZ group,while T-AOC and serum insulin level were lower than those in Sham + STZ group.Conclusions Endogenous estrogen may have some protective effects on pancreatic islet function from streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in female mice.
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AIM To investigate whether the relaxation characteristics of phytoestrogens resveratrol and phloretin on contractile response of aortic strips are similar to that of estrogen and the mechanisms underground. METHODS Aortic strips from rabbits were suspended in organ baths containing Krebs solution, and then isometric tension was measured. RESULTS Resveratrol and phloretin inhibited the contractile responses to norepinephrine (NE), KCl and CaCl2, shifted their concentration-response curves rightward with pD2′ values of 2.89, 3.34, 3.37 for resveratrol and 3.23, 3.52, 3.77 for phloretin respectively. Also both of them concentration-dependently relaxed KCl-precontracted aortic strip. The relaxing response of resveratrol but not of phloretin in aortic strip was significantly reduced by removal of endothelium or incubation with Nω-L-nitro-arginine and methylthioninium chloride, however both their relaxant effects were not affected by indometacin and propranolol. In Ca2+-free Krebs solution containing 0.01 mmol·L-1 EGTA, resveratrol and phloretin inhibited NE-induced contraction which was caused by Ca2+ release from intracellular store, but did not affect the contraction which was induced by Ca2+ influx. CONCLUSION Resveratrol and phloretin can induce vasorelaxations which may relate to inhibition of Ca2+ influx through potential-dependent calcium channels and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and the relaxing response of resveratrol is endothelium-dependent in part, but of phloretin is not endothelium-dependent.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of decoction of Fructus Mume (DFM) on the myoelectric activity of uterine smooth muscle of unpregnancy and early pregnancy rats and study its action mechanism.Methods: A pair of bipolar electrode was implanted on the serous surface of rat uterus. The DFM was injected into abdominal and the changes of uterine myoelectrical activity were observed.Results: The higher dose of DFM could enlarge the average amplitude of slow wave of uterine smooth muscle myoelectricity as well as increase the incidence and the maximal amplitude of the outbreak plexiform myoelectric wave. On the other hand, rats during early pregnancy were more sensitive to the DFM. Conclusions: The DFM enhances the myoelectricity activity of uterine smooth muscle of unpregnancy and early pregnancy rats which may result from enhacing the start cells electric activity and speeding up the action potential depolarization. Thus the DFM can serve as an effective clinical drug for anti early pregnancy.
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Aim To study the effect of genistein on contractility of isolated papillary muscles in guinea pig and its mechanisms.Methods Isolated guinea pig papillary muscles were suspended in organ baths containing KH solution,and the effect of genistein on contractility of myocardium was observed after an equilibration period.Results Genistein and isoprenaline hydrochloride showed positive inotropic effects on contractility of myocardium in a dose-dependent manner(1～100 ?mol?L~(-1)) Propranolol(1 ?mol?L~(-1)) and verapamil hydrochloride(0.5 ?mol?L~(-1)) attenuated the positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline hydrochloride(2 ?mol?L~(-1)),but did not change the effect of genistein(100 ?mol?L~(-1)).Furthermore,the enhancement of the contractility induced by elevation of extracellular Ca~(2+) concentration in papillary muscles did not show any change after pretreatment with genistein(1,10 ?mol?L~(-1)).Finally,the positive inotropic effect of genistein was attenuated partially by tamoxifen(1 ?mol?L~(-1)),however,was not influenced by sodium orthovanadate(1 ?mol?L~(-1)).Conclusions Genistein has the positive inotropic effect on guinea pig papillary muscles,which is not related to the activation of Ca~(2+) channel on cell membrane,? adrenoceptor and tyrosine kinase pathway,but this effect may involve in uptake and utilization of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+).