Emotion dysregulation and mechanisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a kind of mental development disorder with high prevalence. Its core symptoms are attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulse.Previous studies mainly focused on the executive function and cognitive control of ADHD. Since emotion dysregulation in ADHD results in a lot of negative consequences, such as social interaction, coping with frustration and parent-child relationship, more and more researchers believe that the lack of emotional regulation ability is likely to be an important reason for ADHD patients' inability to focus attention and hyperactive impulse behavior in recent years.At the behavioral level, ADHD patients' emotion dysregulation is mainly reflected in emotional impulsivity, emotional lability and negative emotionality.At the neurophysiological level, emotion dysregulation in ADHD patients was found to be related to heart rate variability, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, late positive component LPP and activity abnormality of resting state neural network. Some researchers have proposed the " cold" and " hot" executive function theory of ADHD, in which the " hot" regulatory circuit is associated with the processing the emotional regulation process. Future studies are needed to explore the maintaining difficulty and inducing positive emotion in ADHD, and the influence of comorbidities in ADHD. Moreover, researchers should combine neurophysiological method and family study to clarify the brain mechanism and its genetic basis underlying emotion dysregulation in ADHD patients.

Attentional Bias for Negative Emotional Facial Expressions in Major Depressive Disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the attentional bias for negative emotional facial expressions in major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods:Twenty MDD participants were selected from a larger pool of patients (n=35),diagnosed as depression with the Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders Version 3 (CCMD-3),according to the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).And 20 non-depression control participants(NC)matched with MDD group on age,gender and education level.All participants completed an exogenous cueing task which consisted of two kinds of cue types(valid and invalid trial)and two kinds of face types(neutral faces and negative faces).Results:Patients with MDD showed more larger cue validity effect for negative faces compared with neutral faces(21.73 ms vs.3.91 ms,P<0.01).They showed a stronger attentional engagement for negative faces in comparison with non-depressed participants(17.25 ms vs.1.64 ms,P<0.001).The NC group directed attention away from negative faces,more rapidly disengaging their attention compared with MDD,but the differences showed no significant(-1.50 ms vs.0.57 ms,P>0.05).Conclusion:These results support the assumption that MDD is associated with attentional bias for negative information,and deficits protective bias for it.

Progress of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging in field of rewarding stimuli in major depression / 中国医学影像技术

Reduced responsiveness to reward stimuli is a central feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). Study on the changes of neural substrates and behavior contributes to understand the mechanism of MDD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the unique advantage of investigating reward processing, which is of importance in the brain imaging study. The progresses of event-related fMRI (ER-fMRI) in field of rewarding stimuli in major depressive disorder were reviewed in this article.