ABSTRACT
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide that has gained much attention due to its biocompatibility, enzyme degradation capacity and active tumor targeting capacity. Its receptor, CD44, is overexpressed in many kinds of cancers and is associated with tumor progress, infiltration and metastasis. Therefore, many researchers have developed various HA-based drug delivery systems for CD44-mediated tumor targeting. In this review, we systemically overview the basic theory of HA, its receptor and hyaluronidase, then we categorize the studies in HA-based drug delivery systems according to the functions of HA, including tumor-targeting materials, enzyme-sensitive biodegradable modality, pH-sensitive component, reduction-sensitive component, and the gel backbone. Finally, the perspective is discussed.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of enhanced recovery after surgery and pain management during the perioperative period in rectal cancer patients.Methods 100 rectal cancer patients after radical resection were divided into ERAS group (50 cases) and routine care group (50 cases).Results Compare with the routine group,the time of ERAS group was shorter in postoperative bowel function recovery [(1.8 ± 0.6) d vs.(3.4 ± 0.6) d,t =-8.1,P ＜ 0.001],oral feeding [(1.3 ± 0.6) d vs.(3.2 ± 0.6) d,t =-10.1,P ＜ 0.001],intraperitoneal catheter drain [(3.6 ± 0.7) d vs.(5.3 ±0.8) d,t=-6.7,P＜0.001] and mobilization[(1.1 ±0.3)d vs.(2.7 ±0.5) d,t=-12.7,P＜0.001].ERAS group was associated with shorter hospital stay [(4.6 ± 0.6) d vs.(6.1 ± 0.6) d,t =-7.7,P ＜ 0.001],lower costs (P =0.014),lower pain score at the time of 6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after surgery (P ＜0.001).There was no significant statistical difference in postoperative complication rate 8％ and 10％ (P =1.000).Conclusions ERAS management in rectal cancer patients after radical operation enhanced postoperative recovery.
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Objective To explore the value of the laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) in laparoscopic common bile duct explora-tion(LCBDE) .Methods 47 cases with cholecystolithiasis combined with bile duct dilatation or abnormal liver function were tested by conventional ultrasound ,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatgraphy (MRCP) CT and LUS after LCBDE .All results were com-pared with the surgical findings and the intraoperative biliary endoscopy results .Results The diagnosis coincidence rate of conven-tional ultrasonography ,CT ,MRCP and LUS in 47 cases were 85 .1% ,72 .3% ,95 .7% ,100 .0% respectively .6 cases completed the surgery under the guidance of LUS ,1 case was converted to open surgery .Conclusion LUS is an examination method to avoid bile duct injury effectively and reduce postoperative residual stone in LCBDE .
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Objective To apply the real-time gray scale contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) with quantitative analysis technique to monitor the change of the renal cortex blood perfusion before and after Salvia miltiorrhiza treatment of rabbit renal is-chemia-reperfusion injury and to investigate the application value of the ultrasound contrast for evaluating the effect of medication in the treatment of rabbit renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) .Methods The rabbit right kidney was resected and the left renal pedicle was occluded for 60 min ischemia ,then the perfusion was recovered for establishing the IRI model .Salvia miltiorrhiza injec-tion was given for observing the pathological changes of the left kidney and the renal cortex blood prefusion under the contrast-en-hanced ultrasonography .The parameters of renal cortex blood perfusion were quantitatively analyzed by the time-intension curves . Results After IRI occurrence ,the time-intensity curve (TIC) of the rabbit renal cortex was slowly ascended .The time to peak (TTP) was extened and the rising slope(Grad) of the curve ascending branch was declined (P< 0 .05);after Salvia miltiorrhiza treatment ,TTP decreased and Grad increased obviously(P<0 .05) .Conclusion CEUS combined with quantitative analysis can re-flect the renal blood perfusion abnormity caused by ischemia-reperfusion and discover the change of the renal blood perfusion after medication treatment .
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Purpose To explore the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound in monitoring hemodynamic changes in main renal artery of neonatal asphyxia. Materials and Methods A total of 60 cases of neonatal asphyxia were divided into mild asphyxia (38 cases) and severe asphyxia (22 cases) according to Apgar score 1 min after born. Then the peak systolic velocity (Vs), the end diastolic velocity (Vd) and the resistance index (RI) of the main renal artery were obtained by color Doppler ultrasound on day 1 and day 3;the level of endothelin-1 (ET-1) was also recorded accordingly. The above results were compared with those of 20 cases of healthy full-term new born infants. Results On day 1, Vs and Vd of the main renal artery in the groups with mild asphyxia and severe asphyxia were both lower than those in healthy group (P<0.05), but RI was higher (P<0.05), with more dramatic changes in the group with severe asphyxia (P<0.05). On day 3, Vs and Vd in the groups with mild asphyxia and severe asphyxia reduced compared with those on day 1, whilst RI was higher than that on day 1. Vd and RI in the group with severe asphyxia changed more significantly (P<0.01). As to the value of ET-1, both groups with mild asphyxia and severe asphyxia showed higher level than healthy group (P<0.01). More dramatic increase appeared in the group with severe asphyxia (P<0.05). In the groups with mild asphyxia and severe asphyxia, the Vs and Vd of the main renal artery were negatively correlated with ET-1 on day 1 and day 3 (r=-0.823,-0.845;P<0.01), while the RI was positively correlated with ET-1 (r=0.785, P<0.01). Conclusion Both color Doppler ultrasound imaging and neonatal urine ET-1 test can reflect degree of renal injury after neonatal asphyxia dynamically and noninvasively, which can be used to evaluate the injury severity.