ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression of ER and PR in hyperplasia of mammary glands and breast cancer. Methods The expression of ER and PR in 68 hyperplasia of mammary glands cases and 168 breast cancer cases were quantified by immunohistochemical method. Results The expression of ER in breast cancer(30%) was significantly higher than that in hyperplasia of mammary glands(10 %)(P ＜0.05) and there was no significant difference in PR between them. The expression of ER in postmenopausal breast cancer was significantly higher than that in postmenopausal hyperplasia of mammary glands (P ＜0.05) and there was no significant difference in ER between two premenopausal groups. The expression of PR in invasive lobular carcinoma was significantly higher than that in invasive ductal carcinoma and other types (P=0.005).Conclusion The expression of ER and PR may identify the characteristics of patholobiology in breast disease.
ABSTRACT
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) after operation for esophageal carcinoma is a serious challenge to medical management and usually accompanied by a high mortality rate. This paper present author's experience on the management of 10 such cases. It is emphasized that advanced age, long-history of smoking, COPD are predisposing factors and in-trathoracic surgery and its complication may trigger the ARF,which usually occurs within 48-72 hours after operation. Besides assist mechanical ventilation, thorough clearance of the secretion from the respiratory tract, control of pulmonary infection and early eradication of the intrathoracic complications are the key points of the successful treatment. Preoperative pulmonary functional studies with careful analysis in correlation with patients condition is mandatory especially in elderly patients. Prevention is more important and valuable than treatment for the patients with postoperative acute respiratory failure.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the variation of functional urethra length on urine control,explore a new method to prevent urinary incontinence and seek urodynamic evidence after radical prostatectomy. Methods Sixteen male dogs,matched in body weight,were randomly divided into two groups. Group A were used to test the different rest urethral pressure profile after resection of prostate,resection of distant prostate plus posterior urethra in length of 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm respectively; Group B to test the different rest urethral pressure profile on pedicle myotube in length of 2.0 cm and 1.0 cm using anterior bladder flap respectively after resection of prostate and posterior urethra in length of 2.0 cm. Results The urodynamic indexes fell off while the functional urethra length decurtated gradually in group A,but they went up in group B. The two groups showed significant difference before and after the resection of prostate and distant urethra in length of 2. 0 cm. Conclusion There was a direct ratio between the functional urethra length and the capability of urethral urine control. Reconstruction of functional urethra using anterior bladder flap pedicle myotube is a good choice to treat urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.