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Objective: To observe the effect of moxibustion on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) in the hippocampus of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats, and to explore the analgesic mechanisms of moxibustion in RA treatment. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a moxibustion group, a moxibustion + NMDA receptor antagonist (AP-5) group, and a moxibustion + NMDA receptor agonist (NMDA) group, with 12 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, rats in the other four groups were treated with complete Freund's adjuvant in a windy, cold, and damp environment to replicate RA models. Rats in the moxibustion group received suspended moxibustion with moxa sticks at Shenshu (BL23) and Zusanli (ST36), and the two points were used alternately. After intraperitoneal injection of AP-5 or NMDA, rats in the moxibustion + AP-5 group and the moxibustion + NMDA group received the same moxibustion intervention as in the moxibustion group, once a day for 15 d. The thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of rats in each group was detected before and after modeling and after the 15-day intervention. After the 15-day intervention, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in knee joints. The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the mRNA expression of NR2B in the hippocampus; Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein and the phosphorylated protein expression of hippocampal NR2B. Results: The synovial tissue was proliferated, the synovial lining was significantly thickened, the pannus was formed, and the cartilage and bone tissues were significantly damaged in the model group. After intervention, the pathological morphology of the knee joints in the moxibustion group, the moxibustion + AP-5 group, and the moxibustion + NMDA group was significantly improved, and the improvement in the moxibustion + AP-5 group was more notable than that in the moxibustion + NMDA group. Compared with the normal group, the TWL was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the mRNA, protein, and phosphorylated protein expression levels of hippocampal NR2B were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the TWL of each intervention group was significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the mRNA, protein, and phosphorylated protein expression levels of hippocampal NR2B were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the moxibustion group, the TWL was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the mRNA, protein, and phosphorylated protein expression levels of hippocampal NR2B were significantly decreased in the moxibustion + AP-5 group (P<0.01); the TWL was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the mRNA, protein, and phosphorylated protein expression levels of hippocampal NR2B were significantly increased in the moxibustion + NMDA group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Moxibustion reduces hyperalgesia in RA inflammatory rats. The analgesic effect may be related to the decrease in the expression and phosphorylation levels of NR2B in the hippocampus.
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Objective To analyze the etiology and risk factors of central venous catheter (CVCs) infections, and to explore the prophylaxis and treatment for catheter-related infections. Methods A retrospective study was conducted. The patients with CVCs admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from January 2000 to December 2016 were enrolled. The gender, age, catheter data and microorganism culture results of all patients were collected. The infection rate and the incidences of CVCs infection per 1 000 catheter days were calculated. The risk factors of CVCs infection were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results 1 160 patients were enrolled in 17 years [male 915, female 245, age 7-98 years, mean (71.8±17.5) years]. The incidences of CVCs infection per 1 000 catheter days were descended every 3 years (cases/1 000 days: 21.87, 24.50, 19.95, 12.64, 16.34, 12.40, χ2=38.851, P = 0.000). Of the 1 160 patients, 375 were positive for catheter culture, and 397 strains were cultured, among which 173 strains (43.58%) were Gram negative (G-), 130 strains (32.74%) of Gram positive (G+), and 94 strains of fungi (23.68%). Non-fermenting bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11.59%, Acinetobacter baumannii 8.82%) was predominant in the G- bacteria, followed by Enterobacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae 8.06%, Escherichia coli 2.02%); Staphylococcus spp. (Staphylococcus epidermidis 11.84%, Staphylococcus aureus 5.29%) was the main species of G+bacteria; the main fungi were Candida tropicalis (9.07%) and Candida albicans (5.79%). The catheter infection rate of internal jugular vein, femoral vein and subclavian vein were 36.07% (22/61), 35.52% (119/335), 30.63% (234/764) respectively (χ2=2.275, P = 0.099), the incidence of catheter infection of three vein insertion sites per 1 000 catheter days were 18.00, 17.71, 17.08 cases/1 000 days respectively (χ2= 0.034, P = 0.714). The mean placement time of infected CVCs in situ was longer than that of non-infected CVCs (days: 20.80±11.68 vs. 17.64±10.77, t = 4.417, P = 0.000).The positive rate was lowest during 1-7 days of indwelling time (19.87%, 30/151). The infection rate was increased with long indwelling time. The positive rate was 44.44% (68/153) as indwelling time was over 30 days. The infection rate was significantly positively related to indwelling time (χ2= 22.849, P = 0.000). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the infection risk of femoral vein catheter was increased [odds ratio (OR) = 1.362, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.030-1.801, P = 0.030] as compared with that of subclavian vein catheter; the infection risk was increased with long indwelling time (OR = 1.306, 95%CI = 1.177-1.480, P = 0.000). Conclusions G- are the major pathogens of CVCs infection. Femoral vein catheter and long indwelling time are the risk factors of CVCs infection.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinicopathologic features and imaging diagnosis of 17 cases of liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor (LSMFT) and to discuss the mechanism of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cases of LSMFT diagnosed in 2014 were included in this retrospective study. The clinicopathologic features and imaging findings were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 17 cases of LSMFT, occurring in 11 men and 6 women with a mean age of 46 years (range, 26-67 years). Patients were asymptomatic or presented with pain localized over the lesions. Most (13/17) lesions were located in the intertrochanteric region. Radiographs showed well-defined and often extensively sclerotic margin. MRI showed the lesions to be relatively heterogeneous on T1W, and heterogeneous with high signal intensity on T2W with fat suppression. Microscopically, LSMFT was characterized by a complex mixture of histologic elements, including myxofibrous and collagen tissues, lipomatous areas, xanthoma cells, calcification, irregular ossification and pseudo-Paget's bone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LSMFT is a benign fibro-ossesous lesion with unique imaging characteristics and histologic features, occurring preferentially in some locations. It might represent end-stage degenerative changes in other benign bone lesions such as fibrous dysplasia, simple bone cyst and intraosseous lipoma secondary to trauma from forces and ischemic bone injury exerted on the intertrochanteric region of the femur.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bone Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Pathology , Calcinosis , Femur , Pathology , Fibroma , Diagnosis , Pathology , Hip Joint , Pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the difference in pathologic diagnostic accuracy among different histologic subtypes of osteosarcoma and different methods of preoperative biopsy, and the influence of diagnostic accuracy on prognosis of osteosarcoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The preoperative biopsies, complete clinical, radiological and pathological data of 347 pathologically confirmed osteosarcomas were evaluated. According to the Pathological Diagnostic and Technical Specifications, the accuracy of preoperative biopsies was divided into 6 grades. 1: definite diagnosis, 2: basically definite diagnosis, 3: significant diagnosis, 4: descriptive diagnosis, 5:inadequate sampling, 6:misdiagnosis. 1 to 3 were defined as successful diagnosis,while 4 to 6 were defined as unsuccessful diagnosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 347 biopsies, 252 were CT-guided needle biopsies by the radiologists, and 95 were core-needle biopsies by orthopedic surgeons without CT-guidance. The latter showed a higher overall biopsy success rate (97.9%) in all osteosarcomas. Biopsies by surgeons showed a higher biopsy success rate (95.4%) in conventional osteosarcoma, but lower success rate in telangiectatic (55.6%) and low-grade central osteosarcomas (63.7%). The accuracy of pathologic diagnosis of preoperative biopsy was related to patients' age, serum AKP level, imaging diagnosis, method of biopsy and the subtype of osteosarcoma. Comparing the groups with successful and unsuccessful diagnosis, there were significant differences in recurrence rate and mortality after operation (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The accuracy of pathologic diagnosis of preoperative biopsy are related to recurrence rate and mortality after operation. Biopsy by orthopedic surgeons without CT-guidance is reliable and safe, followed by primary diagnosis at frozen section and final diagnosis by routine pathologic sections for osteosarcomas located in the long bones of the extremities. Close integration of the preoperative pathologic diagnosis with clinical and radiological data will improve the accuracy of diagnosis.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (GCRO) and giant cell tumor of bone (GCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical, radiologic, pathologic and immunohistochemical features of 18 cases of GCRO and 118 cases of GCT were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean age of patients with GCRO was 24.6 years. Fifteen of the 18 cases arose in the metaphysis of long bones. GCRO presented as a large poorly-defined mixed lytic and blastic mass, associated with cortical destruction and formation of large soft tissue component. Histologically, GCRO was characterized by a predominance of numerous osteoclast-like giant cells admixed with scanty osteoid which was formed by neoplastic cells in different levels of anaplasia and pleomorphism. In the 118 cases of GCT studied, the mean age of patients was 34.5 years. Most of them (108 cases) arose in the epiphyseal region of long bones. They usually presented as expansile eccentric and osteolytic lesions. Invasive GCT displayed local cortical destruction. Histologic examination of GCT revealed the presence of large number of osteoclast-like giant cells and mononuclear stromal cells. The mononuclear stromal cells possessed poorly defined cytoplasm, showed little cytological atypia and did not carry atypical mitotic figures. They were positive for p63 (83.9%, 99/118). Reactive bone could be observed at the periphery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GCRO represents a special form of osteosarcoma which shows overlapping clinicopathologic features with invasive GCT. The presence of nuclear atypia, atypical mitoses and osteoid matrix produced directly by neoplastic cells are more in favor of GCRO. These features however may not be demonstrated in full in limited small biopsy samples. It is thus important to analyze all clinical, radiologic and pathologic features before a definitive diagnosis is made.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Bone Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Giant Cell Tumor of Bone , Diagnosis , Pathology , Giant Cells , Pathology , Osteosarcoma , Diagnosis , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the diagnostic criteria and morphologic difference of primary schwannoma from that of soft tissue schwannoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All neurogenic tumors of the bone in this hospital from 2002 to 2013 were reviewed, four cases of primary schwannoma arising from bone were selected. Their clinical features, radiologic appearance and pathologic findings were evaluated. Immunophenotyping was performed using EnVision method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All four cases had classic morphologic features and immunophenotype of conventional schwannoma. Compared with schwannoma of the soft tissue, primary bone schwannoma had the following features: benign radiological appearance, absence of capsule under light microscope, local infiltration of bone or destruction of bone cortex, occasionally involving extra-osseous soft tissue. Most tumors were solid, with less cystic degeneration. Histologically, the tumors were mainly composed of compact areas of spindle cells (Antoni A), and areas of hypercellularity could often be observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Primary schwannoma of the bone is rare, usually arises within the long bones and flat bones. Compared to conventional soft tissue schwannoma, it shows different growth pattern, imaging and pathologic features; thus care should be exercised not to misdiagnose schwannoma of the bone as other primary low-grade malignant spindle cell sarcoma of the bone and to avoid unnecessary over-treatment.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Immunophenotyping , Neurilemmoma , Diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Radiography , Sarcoma , Diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report 2 rare cases of benign notochordal cell tumor (BNCT), according to WHO classification of tumors of soft tissue and bone (4th edition). Their radiologic and clincopathologic features and differential diagnosis were investigated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two cases of BNCT were studied by retrospective review of the clinical, radiologic, pathologic and immunophenotypical findings. Related literatures were reviewed at the same time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Case 1 was a 53-year-old man, and case 2 was a 61-year-old woman. Radiographically, both patients presented with abnormal imaging findings in the fifth cervical vertebral body with the lesions located within the bone but without extra osseous mass. Histopathologically, the lesions lacked lobular architecture and extracellular myxoid matrix. The tumor cells were vacuolated and had centrally or peripherally placed round or oval nuclei with small nucleoli, mimicking mature adipocytes. No cytological atypia or mitotic figures were seen. The affected bone trabeculae were sclerotic and islands of bone marrow were often entrapped within the tumor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although sharing similar anatomic distribution and immunophenotype to those of chordoma, BNCT has distinct radiologic and pathologic features and different treatment and prognosis. The differential diagnosis between BNCT and chordoma requires detailed clinical, radiologic and histopathologic evaluations.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cervical Vertebrae , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Chordoma , Pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Imaging , Notochord , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the therapeutic strategy and clinical value of intraoperative chole-dochoscopy and electrohydraulic lithotripsy for refractory intrahepatic bile duct stones.Methods Liver pa-renchyma,intrahepatic bile duct and bile duct stones were explored under direct vision and intraoperative choledochoscope in 1 1 cases of refractory intrahepatic bile duct stones.Electrohydraulic lithotripsy and lithot-omy were performed to remove the stones and protect the liver parenchyma.If the stones could not be re-moved once,a secondary lithotripsy and lithotomy was performed through the fistula tract.Results All re-fractory calculi were crushed after one or two procedures and the clearance rate were 100%.No complica-tions occurred.Ten patients were followed up from 1 to 3 years except one.Three cases revealed recurrent stone during follow-up due to withdrawal of ursodeoxycholic acid capsules in 1 to 2 years.Seven others showed no stone recurrence within follow-up time.Conclusion Intraoperative choledochoscopy and electro-hydraulic lithotripsy is an easy technique and can effectively protect the liver parenchyma.The life quality of patients can be improved with low surgical risk and postoperative complications.
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Objective To observe the effect of a rotating magnetic field in preventing and treating irradiation-induced esophagitis in rats. Methods Forty female Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups:a non-irradiated control group,an irradiation group,an amifostine treatment group ( amifostine group ),a 90 min magnetic field treatment group (90 min magnetic group) and a 120 min magnetic field treatment group ( 120 min magnetic group),with 8 rats in each group.The esophaguses of all rats except those in the control group were exposed to a single irradiation with 6 MV X-rays from a linear accelerator at a dosage of 43 Gy.Four rats in each group were randomly chosen to be observed 1 and 2 weeks after the irradiation.Blood cytokines were detected in their arterial blood.Any pathological changes of the esophagus were observed with HE staining under a light microscope at the same time. Results Irradiation-induced esophagitis was observed in the irradiation group 7 days after irradiation,with obvious exfoliation and necrosis of the esophagal epithelium mucosae.The submucosa were hyperaemic and dropsical with abundant inflammatory cell infiltration.The pathological changes of the esophagus were similar at 7 and 14 days after irradiation.However,the irradiation-induced esophagitis of rats in the amifostine group,the 90 min magnetic group and the 120 min magnetic group were relatively slighter and the blood leucocytes and neutrophis in those 3 groups were significantly lower than those in the irradiation group,while a tendency toward repair of the mucosa of the esophagus was detected.Serum TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-6 in the 90 min magnetic group and 120 min magnetic group were significantly lower than those in the irradiation group. Conclusions Both a rotating magnetic field and amifostine can help prevent and treat irradiation-induced esophagitis.Their therapeutic efficacy is similar.Exposure to a rotating magnetic field could inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors,and thus lessen the inflammatory reaction of acute irradiation-induced esophagitis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of continuous high volume hemofiltration (HVHF)on respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). MethodsForty-one adult patients with MODS who received mechanical ventilation were divided into HVHF group(21 cases) and continuous vein-vein hemofiltration (CVVH) group (20 cases) by envelople. The peak airway pressure (Ppeak), dynamic pulmonary compliance(Cdyn), cardiac output(CO ), systemic vascular resistance(SVR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and blood gas analysis before treatment and 24 hours after treatment were measured. Results Twenty-four hours after treatment, the levels of Ppeak, Cdyn, CO, PVR,SVR and oxygenation index were (31.32 ±2.23) cm H2O (1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa), (26.18 ±3.54)(220.41 ±21.41) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) respectively in HVHF group,significantly higher than those before treatment [(42.00 ±3.34) cm H2O, (17.91 ±4.31) ml/cm H2O, (8.68 ±1.17) L/min,(267.27 ± 16.29) dyn·s·cm-5, (805.32 ± 18.82)dyn ·s·cm-5, ( 119.41 ± 17.10) mm Hg] (P ＜ 0.01 ),as well as higher than those in CVVH group after 24 hours' treatment (P ＜ 0.01 ). ConclusionHVHF shows significant beneficial effects on respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics of MODS.
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Objective To discuss the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the assessment of treatment efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with renal tumors.Methods Forty-seven patients (40 renal cell carcinomas and 7 angiomyolipomas of kidney) with 49 renal tumors were treated with RFA. Tumors were ablated by laparoscopy-assisted (n= 30) and open surgical (n= 17) RFA. The CEUS and contrast-enhanced CT were performed 1 week after treatment to assess the necrotic area. Technical success was defined as elimination of areas that enhanced at imaging within the entire tumor. Results Forty-seven (95. 9%) of 49 tumors were successfully ablated. The mean length of the major axis at the maximal necrotic area was 4. 6 cm. Compared with the lesions before RFA, the necrotic areas were bigger in 45 patients, identical in 3 patients, and smaller in 1 patient. Six lesions showed a residual enhancement at the portion adjacent to the normal renal parenchyma on follow-up CEUS, while 2 were confirmed by CT scans. The sensitivity and specificity of CEUS for detection of residual tumors were 100. 0% and 91.8%, respectively. All patients survived in the follow-up period ranging from 4 to 21 months. Conclusion CEUS combined with CT could be useful for evaluating treatment efficacy of RFA for renal tumors.
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ObjectiveTo explore the possible molecular mechanisms of β-elemene combined with cisplatin and heat therapy for killing A549 cell line.MethodsThe protein expressions of Stat3,p21 Waf1/Cip1 and Survivin were detected with Western blot after treatment with β-elemene of different concentrations combined cisplatin and heat therapy.ResultsThe protein expressions of Stat3,and pStat3 and p21Waf1/Cip1 in A549 cell line were enhanced with increasing concentrations,and there was significant difference in the expressions between high and low concentration,but Survivin protein had no change at 37°C.After adding 4 μg/mL cisplatin,the expressions of p21Waf1/ Cip1,Survivin,Stats and pStat3 were reduced at β-elemene of high concentration.At 42°C,there was no significant difference in expression of Stat3 protein at 60 μg/mL elemene,but the expressions of pStat3,p21Waf1/Cip1 and Survivin proteins had sharply declined.When using 15 μg/mL elemene combined with 4 μg/mL cisplatin,the protein expressions of Star3 and pStat3 increased,and Survivin expression decreased.ConclusionsAt temperature of 37°C,β-elemene of high concentration may inhibit growth of A549 cells by higher expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 protein,and mainly by inhibiting expressions of Stat3 and pStat3 and Survivin after combined with cisplatin.At temperature of 42°C,β- elemene of highconcentrationmaypromoteapoptosispossiblythroughinhibition ofStat3 phosphorylation and expression of Survivin protein.β-elemene of low concentration combined with cisplatin leads to synergy killing effect by reducing expression of Survivin protein.
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Objective To evaluate the home-made occluder in the treatment of VSD and its mid-term and long-term results. Methods From Jan. 2004 to May 2007, percutaneous VSD closure therapy under X-ray monitoring was performed in 78 consecutive VSDpatients, including 43 males and 35 females with an average age of (16.5±8.6) years (ranged 3-37 years). TTE, ECG and Holter examinations were performed in 1 week, 3 months, 1 year and 2 years after the procedure. Results Seventy-three home-made occluder devices with a diameter of 5-16 mm (10.3±3.2 mm) were implanted successfully, with a technical successful rate of 93.6% (73/78). The whole course follow-up were carried out in all 73 successful cases (100%). One week after the procedure ITE detected residual shunt in 8 cases, and three months later the residual shunt was observed in 5 cases. Follow-up check at one and two years after the treatment the residual shunt disappeared completely. For the observation of arrhythmia, occasional atrial premature beats or ventricular premature beats occurred in 28 cases (38.4%) within one week after the procedure, and two patients developed grade Ⅲ complete atrioventricular block at the third day after the surgery. The arrhythmia disappeared after medication of prednisone and nutrient drugs for 4-10 days. Bundle branch blocks were observed in 8 cases (10.1%) at one-year and two-year follow-up. Conclusion For the treatment of VSD, the home-made Amplatzer occluder device is reliable and effective, although a close foUow-up is required after the surgery.
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Background and purpose: The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene results in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and it is closely associated with tumors. ATM is an important signal transducer that is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand break damage by phosphorylating numerous target proteins . This study was aimed to investigate the correlation between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ATM gene (IVS62+60G>A) and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) in a case-control study. Methods: From June 2004 to December 2005, a total of 264 patients with NSCLC were recruited, 264 healthy people as control. All of specimens were collected from Zhejiang Tumor Hospital. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and then was used to determine. ATM genotype by Taqman SNP genotyping assays. Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between SNP and NSCLC risk. Results: The percentage of NSCLC patients in 86 patients with A/A genotype, 139 patients with A/G and 39 patients with G/G were 32.6% (86/264), 52.6% (139/264), 14.8% (39/264), respectively. The percentage in 68 healthy people with A/A genotype, 139 healthy people with NG and 55 healthy people with G/G were 26.0% (68/262), 53.0% (139/262) and 21.0% (55/262), respectively. The proportion of G/G genotype in 264 patients was obviously lower than that in the 264 healthy control (14.8% vs 21.2%, P<0.05). The people with G/G genotype had lower risk to NSCLC than there with A/A genotype (OR=0.561, 95% CI=0.334-0.942, P=0.029). Conclusion: The ATM SNP(IVS62+60G>A)was associated with the NSCLC risk, and homozygous G alleles may be a protective factor to NSCLC.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the histogenesis, pathologic features and differential diagnosis of prostatic primary signet ring cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>10 cases of the primary signet ring cell carcinoma were detected from 262 cases of prostate carcinomas diagnosed on needle biopsy were investigated by routine pathological, immunohistochemical and histochemical methods, and then compared with 10 cases of signet ring cell carcinomas of the stomach and colon. 3 cases were studied with electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>9 cases of prostate signet ring cell carcinoma were associated with concurrent high-grade conventional prostatic carcinoma, but at least 25% of the neoplasm consisted of signet ring cells. Only one case was pure signet ring cell carcinoma. Neoplastic signet ring cells may be divided into two types: the first type showed formation of intracytoplasmic lumina or vacuole, and the second type had intracytoplasmic accumulation of excess PSA and/or PAP. Both types of signet ring cells were negative for mucin staining (AB/PAS and mucicarmine). Therefore they differed from signet ring cell carcinomas of the stomach and colon.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Primary prostate signet ring cell carcinoma is a low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of a special histologic type, which arises from the epithelial cells of the prostate acinus. They can be distinguished from metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach and colon and also from vacuolate degeneration of conventional carcinoma after endocrine or radiation therapy.</p>
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Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell , Pathology , Cell Differentiation , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunohistochemistry , Microscopy, Electron , Prostatic Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To avoid the complex conversion process of total count of bacterial colonies per unit volume of air and per unit area in environmental hygienic monitoring,to raise the efficiency and ensure the accuracy of the monitoring.Methods According to related calculation formulas,methods and conditions,based on the repeated calculation and numerous practice of monitoring data analysis,The Simplified Conversion Table for Total Count of Bacterial Colonies in Environmental Hygienic Monitoring,which was applicable to the bacterial monitoring of different monitored objects including air,articles,object surface in environment,skin,mucous and hands was drawn up.Results The complex conversion process of total count of bac-terial colonies per unit volume of air and per unit area could be replaced by this table.The total count of bacterial colonies per unit volume of air and per unit area on the plates could be derived from this table.Conclusion The simplified conversion table was reliable,accurate,simple to use,practical and expandable.It was suitable not only for the sanitary bacterial monitoring in hospital,in pharmaceutical industry and scientific research institutes,but also for epidemic prevention.The monitoring efficiency could be improved by using this table obviously.