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Objective To synthesize 18F-fluoro-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18 F-FDOPA) and evaluate its biodistribution and kinetics in mice,in order to explore its feasibility for insulinoma detection.Methods 18F-FDOPA was synthesized by a three-step nucleophilic reaction.Radiolabeling yield,radiochemical purity and stability in vitro were analyzed.Normal mice were scarified at 2,5,15,30,60 and 120 min postinjection to measure radioactive counts in main organs.Biodistribution and kinetics were evaluated by dynamic microPET in normal mice.The insulinoma tumor (INS-1) model was established and dynamic microPET was performed immediately after intravenous injection and stopped at 60 min.Region of interest (ROI) was drawn to access time-activity curve (TAC) in main organs and insulinoma.Results 18F-FDOPA was prepared with radiochemical yield of (11.0±0.4) ％,radiochemical purity of (99.3±0.2)％.The radiochemical purity was still ＞99％ after being stored for 120 min at room temperature.Predominant uptake of 18F-FDOPA was in the kidneys,and was cleared rapidly in blood.Pancreas showed stable uptake from 20 to 50 min,which was (5.98±0.71) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (％ ID/g) at 20 min and (4.62±0.47) ％ID/g at 50 min postinjection,respectively.18 F-FDOPA showed high affinity to tumor tissue of insulinoma ((11.42±0.70) ％ID/g) at 2 min.Conclusions 18F-FDOPA could be easily synthesized in short total reaction time with high radiochemical purity and stability.Early phase imaging of 18F-FDOPA may be helpful for insulinoma detection.
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Objective To detect patients with cancer of the stomach cancer tissue and serum Periostin protein expression of the situation,the preliminary explore its clinical significance.Methods Selected 60 cases of our hospital diagnosed as gastric carcinoma patients with carcinoma tissue samples,tissue adjacent to carcinoma specimens and serum,and choose 60 cases of healthy check-up serum specimens at the same time.Classified all patients according to clinical classification factors,inclu-ding age,sex,TNM stage,degree of infiltration,lymph node metastasis and pathological grading,immunohistochemical meth-od determination of Periostin in gastric cancer and adjacent tissue protein expression,enzyme-linked immunoassay detection in patients with gastric cancer patients and normal serum Periostin protein content.Results The method of ELISA to detect gastric cancer patients serum Periostin protein level was 46.76.4 ng/ml,and healthy crowd Periostin protein levels was 23.1 ±4.5 ng/ml,statistically significant difference (t= 7.34,P<0.05).Immunohistochemical methods showed that Periostin in patients with cancer of the stomach cancer tissue protein positive rate was (73.2±5.4)%,positive rate of (33.4±6.5)%in the tissue adjacent to carcinoma,statistically significant difference (t=8.52,P<0.05).Ⅲ~Ⅳ period patients serum Periostin protein level was 64.9±6.3 ng/ml,Ⅰ~Ⅱ period patients serum Periostin protein level was 41.6±4.1 ng/ml, statistically significant difference (t=9.17,P< 0.05).Periostin protein inⅢ~Ⅳ positive rate was 67.8% in patients with carcinoma tissue,Ⅰ~ phase Ⅱ positive rate was 52.9%,statistically significant difference (t=9.64,P<0.05).According to infiltrate the classification:T3,T4 patients serum Periostin protein level was 61.9±6.6 ng/ml,T1 and T2 patients serum Periostin protein level was 44.6±3.7 ng/ml,statistically significant difference (t=8.24,P<0.05).Periostin protein in T3 and T4 positive rate was 6 6.2% in patients with carcinoma tissue,T1 and T2 positive rate was 5 1.4%,statistically signifi-cant difference (t=7.58,P<0.05).Lymph node metastasis patients serum Periostin protein level was 65.2±4.3 ng/ml, without metastasis in patients with serum Periostin protein level was 42.6±3.2 ng/ml,statistically significant difference (t=7.63,P<0.05).Periostin protein in the tissue of carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis group positive rate was 60.8%,no transfer of positive rate was 37.5%,statistically significant difference (t=8.56,P<0.05).Conclusion Periostin protein expression in patients with gastric cancer tissue and serum was significantly higher than that of healthy people,and to a certain extent is proportional to the illness,Periostin protein is a predictable stomach occurrence,lesion degree of poten-tial biological indicators.
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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers are specific molecules to identify CSCs.Recent findings demonstrate that CSCs markers associated with colorectal cancer mainly include CD133,CD29,CD166,CD44,Nanog,etc.These markers can take park in the initiation and progression of cancers by various molecular mechanisms,which have the potential to be used as therapeutic targets as well as prognostic indicators.
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As a member of T-box family,Tbx3 (T-box3) is widely expressed in multiple organs and involves in the development of breast,limb,heart,eye,lung and pancreas during embryonic development stage.Moreover,Tbx3 plays an important role in maintaining the embryonic stem cells.Recent studies show that Tbx3 can work as a transcription factor to participate in the initiation and progression of tumor by epithelialmesenchymal transition,induction tumor stemness and methylation.A better understanding of Tbx3 will provide new insights into genetic diagnosis and targeted treatment of tumor.
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Objective To clarify the anatomical and pathlogical implications of Denonvilliers' fascia.Method In this study,thirty pelvic specimens (17 males and 13 females) were incised through the median sagittal plane and carried for regional anatomy study; Denonvilliers' fascia was identified by immunohistochemistry.Results Denonvilliers' fascia could be found in all male specimens:it had an anterior leaf and a posterior leaf,with the anterior one attaching to seminal vesicle,seminiferous duct,prostate and the bottom of bladder firmly.The fascia originated at the fold of the peritoneum and ended at the perineum fascia,fusing into the pelvic parietal fascia laterally.It was not obvious in females,only to find a thin and transparent membrane between vagina and rectum.The maximum height of Denonvilliers' fascia in left pelvis was (3.2 ± 0.3) cm,compared with (3.3 ± 0.3) cm in the right pelvis (t =0.965,P ＞ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry study revealed that there was no lymph node in the fascia and its lateral parts were enriched of nerve fibers,which were few in its middle part.Conclusions The unique anatomical and pathlogical characteristics of Denonvilliers' fascia are of vital importance to the avoidance of nerve injury during rectal surgery.
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Objective To detect the expressions of Y-box-binding protein-1(YB-1)and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers(E-cadherin and N-cadherin)in colorectal cancer(CRC),to analyze the relationship between the expression of YB-1 and clinicopathological parameters,to evaluate the correlations among YB-1,E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Methods The expressions of YB-1,E-cadherin and N-cadherin in 120 primary CRC tumors and corresponding normal tissues were detected by western blot and immunohistochem-istry and the results were analyzed. Results The expressions of YB-1,E-cadherin and N-cadherin in tumors were significantly different from those in corresponding normal tissues(χ2 = 47. 373,P ﹤ 0. 05;χ2 = 83. 145, P ﹤ 0. 05;χ2 = 41. 832,P ﹤ 0. 05). The expression of YB-1 in tumors was associated significantly with tumor differentiation,tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis and distance metastasis(χ2 = 8. 077,P = 0. 008;χ2 =8. 178,P = 0. 006;χ2 = 15. 152,P ﹤ 0. 001;χ2 = 7. 368,P = 0. 011). It was negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression(r = - 0. 238,P = 0. 009),but positively correlated with N-cadherin expression(r =0. 361,P ﹤ 0. 001). Conclusion YB-1 may promote the occurrence and development of CRC by participating in EMT program.
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In the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT),cell-cell adherence is disrupted,apico-basal polarity is lost,the ability of anti-apoptosis,migration and invasion is acquired.Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a member of the cold-shock protein superfamily,containing a structurally and functionally conserved cold shock domain.Studies indicate that YB-1 can promote the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating EMT.In the process of EMT mediated by YB-1,various transcription factors and signal pathways play important roles.
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This article summarizes transforming growth factor-β1 in the primary hepatocellular carcinoma's occurrence and development, and carries on the summary to its possible mechanisms, and explains the research progress and the hot spot at present, then discusses the questions.
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Objective To investigate the changes of rectoanal function after intersphincteric resection(ISR). Methods In this study,27 lower(3～5 cm from anal verge)rectal adenocarcinoma patients(T0-T2 determined by MRI and endoanal uhrasonography before surgery)undergoing intersphincteric resection between January2005 and January 2007 were followed up,their rectoanal function was assessed by rectoanal manometry 1 week preoperatively and 2 weeks,3 months,6 and 9 months postoperatively.The data were compared by using student t test and X2 test.Results For these 27 patients,within 3 months after surgery,the mean resting pressures(44±6)mm Hg to(19±3)mm Hg,maximum resting pressures(60±8)mm Hg to(33±4)mm Hg,squeezing pressures(180±19)mm Hg to(131±16)mm Hg and msximum tolerable volume(165±20)ml to(55±8)nd were decreased significantly(P＜0.05),and the rectoanal inhibitory reflexes(BAIR)were all absent;6 months after surgery,the resting pressures,squeezing pressures and maximum tolerable volume began to increase obviously,and 6 patients presented RAIR;3 months later the mean resting pressures,maximum resting pressures and squeezing pressures were(41±5)mm Hg,(57±8)mm Hg and(173±19)mm Hg respectively,close to the normal range(P＞0.05),though the maximum tolerable volume increased to(110±16)mi,still lower than the preoperative value(P=0.0153),11 patients restored BAIR.Conclusions The rectoanal function is injured obviously after intersphincteric resection within a short time period,but with time it was gradually restored.
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Objective To study the clinical topography of lateral ligament of the rectum in the relation to surgical procedures in rectal carcinoma. Method Twenty-three pelvises(12 males,11 females)harvested from embalmed cadavers were studied by topographic dissection. Results The lateral rectal ligamem were identiffed bilaterally in all cadavers between the rectum and visceral fascia.Unilateral middle rectal arteries was found in 8 cadavers and bilateral arteries was found in 2 cadavers.The rectal branches from the pelvic plexus were uniformly constant structure within lateral ligament of the rectum.Conclusion The lateral rectal ligament is located between rectum and visceral fascia.The cleavage between visceral fascia and pelvic plexus is the appropriate plane for lateral rectal dissection of rectal cancers.