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With the aggravation of the aging process of the global population, the prevalence rate of sarcopenia is increasing year by year, which has become an important risk factor threatening the health of the elderly and affecting their quality of life. Currently, drug treatment is still in the stage of clinical trials, and nutritional and exercise interventions remain the mainstay of prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Nutritional supplementation can help improve malnutrition and chronic inflammation, increase the synthesis rate of muscle protein, overcome age-related anabolic resistance, and maintain muscle mass and strength. Physical exercise has a positive effect on muscle quality, increasing muscle mass, strength and function, and improving mobility. This study aims to review the effects of nutritional supplementation and exercise interventions on the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of clinical guidelines for nutrition and exercise interventions in the treatment of sarcopenia.
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Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is considered as a multifactorial disease including genetic, physiological, and environmental factors, in which different factors overlap in various pathways, leading to metabolic impairment and liver damage. The main risk factors for MAFLD are overweight/obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia and related dietary behaviors, mainly the intake of fructose beverages. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is an important predictor of changes in liver fat content in patients with MAFLD. There is increasing evidence that prescribing specific supplements or nutraceuticals that have been proven to have hepatoprotective effects for MAFLD patients can accelerate the improvement of liver enzymes and liver steatosis or might prevent or delay the progression of MAFLD disease.
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Objective:To analysis the effect of two methods of transposition of pectoralis major in different degrees deep sternal wound infection(DSWI) after undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods:128 patients with DSWI after cardiac surgery were treated, 72 were mild, and 56 were severe. 66 cases of pectoralis major muscle flap docking method(medial muscle flap docking group) and 62 cases of lateral pectoralis major muscle flap turnover method(lateral muscle flap turnover group) were implemented respectively. Drainage tube indwelling time, reoperation rate, incidence of lung infection, long-term thoracic stability and other aspects were observed to compared the treatment effect.Results:In the mild patients, the medial muscle flap docking group and the lateral muscle flap turnover group were compared( P<0.05). The postoperative hospital stay [(14.2±4.7)days vs.(17.1±3.9)days], drainage tube retention time[(6.2±1.7)h vs.(9.1±2.9)h], and reoperation rate(2.4% vs. 6.7%), the incidence of lung infection(14.3% vs. 23.3%), long-term thoracic stability[73.8%(31/42)vs.43.3%(13/30)]. In the severe patients, the medial muscle flap docking group and the lateral muscle flap turnover group were compared. The postoperative hospital stay[(24.2±7.2)days vs.(20.1±3.5)days], drainage tube retention time[(20.2±6.6)h vs.(13.2±3.1)h], reoperation rate(20.8% vs.12.5%), incidence of pulmonary infection(41.7% vs. 31.3%), long-term thoracic stability[25.0%(6/24)vs.68.8%(22/32)]. The differences of the indicators in each group were significant , P<0.05. In the mild group, each index of the pectoralis major medial muscle flap docking method was superior to the lateral muscle flap turnover method, but the treatment results of the two methods in the severe group were opposite. Conclusion:Patients with mild deep DSWI treated with medial pectoralis major muscle flap docking and suture have less hospital stay, less reoperation rate, less complications and better treatment effect than reverse lateral pectoralis major muscle flap turnover. But the two treatments in the severe DSWI have the opposite effect.
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The most common indications for total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis. However, with the rapid development of the prosthesis and surgical techniques, the indications of TEA have been expanded to post-traumatic instability, failure of internal fixation, and acute comminuted distal humeral fractures in elderly patients. The most common complications of the classic Bryan-Morrey approach are postoperative ulnar nerve symptoms and weakness of the triceps muscle. Although the triceps-sparing approach enters the elbow joint through both sides of the triceps and retains the triceps brachii, it adds the operation difficulty and there still exist problems regarding postoperative ulnar nerve symptoms, extensive subcutaneous dissection, and large amount of drainage. In September 2018, Professor O'Driscoll introduced his modified small tongue-shaped flap approach, named as Diamond-Pop approach, but it has not been reported yet in recent literatures. The authors conducted a retrospective case series study to evaluate the clinical outcomes of 20 patients with elbow trauma or arthritis treated by TEA using this approach in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019.
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Objective@#To compare the therapeutic effects between the anesthetic and non-anesthetic closed reduction protocols for distal radius fractures based on the concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS).@*Methods@#A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of 186 patients with distal radius fracture who had been admitted to the Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from September 2018 to January 2019. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the choice by themselves. Of them, 72 (intervention group) underwent the standardized closed reduction under brachial block anesthesia based on the concept of ERAS while the other 114 (control group) conventional closed reduction under no anesthesia. The 2 groups were compared in terms of emergency reduction times, swelling scores, reoperation rate, splint removal time, functional outcomes by the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and radiographic outcomes by the Lidström criteria.@*Results@#The patients in both groups were followed up for 6 months. The reduction times were fewer in the intervention group than in the control group (1.1±0.1 versus 1.6±0.1, P<0.05). The reoperation rate was significautly lower in the intervention group than in the control group [2.8%(2/72) versus 12.3%(14/114), P< 0.05]. Reduction deteriorated the swelling condition. Compared with the control group, the swelling was significantly less in the intervention group (2.0±0.1 versus 2.6±0.1, P<0.05). The splint removal time for the intervention group (5.3±0.2 weeks) was significantly shorter than that for the control group (6.9±0.2 weeks) (P<0.05). The intervention group had significantly better PWRE scores than the control group (23.4±1.0 versus 30.3±1.1, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups in the Lidström evaluation (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Compared with conventional closed reduction, the closed reduction under anesthesia based on the ERAS concept is an effective method for the emergency treatment of distal radius fracture, because it may minimize the patients’ pain experience, increase the rate of successful reduction, decrease the rate of reoperation, shorten the splint fixation time and gain better functional outcomes.
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Chronic tympanic membrane perforation in an animal model has been widely used. The ideal model is a lasting and stable perforation without infection. For half a century, several physical modalities have been evolved, such as thermal injury, infolding technique, tympanostomy tube, re-myringotomy, and laser myringotomy. Chemical methods using chemical substance inhibiting growth and repair of cells as well as using gene defect animals are also applied. We have found the success rate is lower when using only one method and it would be better to combine physical and chemical approaches. In this article, we review the research advances in the establishment of chronic tympanic membrane perforation animal model.
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Objective@#To investigate expert opinions on the recommendations in Expert Consensus on Optimized Treatments of Ankle Fracture in Light of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery and Expert Consensus on Optimized Treatments of Distal Radius Fracture in Light of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery so as to provide a reference for orthopaedic surgeons when they refer to the 2 documents.@*Methods@#At the symposium in November 2018, all members of Orthopaedic Trauma Committee of Bethune Public Welfare Foundation were interviewed through questionnaires. The questionnaires involved 30 recommendations from the 2 documents concerning optimized perioperative managements. The rates of recommendation and strong recommendation by these experts were calculated about the 30 recommendations from the 2 above documents.@*Results@#A total of 68 experts from the 89 members of Orthopaedic Trauma Committee of Bethune Public Welfare Foundation finished the questionnaires. Of the 30 recommendations, 26 obtained recommendation from these experts at a rate of above 95%, and 4 recommendation from these experts at a rate from 80% to 90%. The rates of strong recommendation were not high, ranging from 60% to 80% in 26 recommendations and <60% in 4.@*Conclusions@#The recommendations from the above 2 documents have been highly agreed upon by these experts we investigated but obtained a relatively low rate of strong recommendation. The present investigation may serve as a significant complement for recommendations from the 2 documents of expert consensus and a necessary reference for orthopaedic surgeons.
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Objective To investigate expert opinions on the recommendations in Expert Consensus on Optimized Treatments of Ankle Fracture in Light of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery and Expert Consensus on Optimized Treatments of Distal Radius Fracture in Light of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery so as to provide a reference for orthopaedic surgeons when they refer to the 2 documents.Methods At the symposium in November 2018,all members of Orthopaedic Trauma Committee of Bethune Public Welfare Foundation were interviewed through questionnaires.The questionnaires involved 30 recommendations from the 2 documents concerning optimized perioperative managements.The rates of recommendation and strong recommendation by these experts were calculated about the 30 recommendations from the 2 above documents.Results A total of 68 experts from the 89 members of Orthopaedic Trauma Committee of Bethune Public Welfare Foundation finished the questionnaires.Of the 30 recommendations,26 obtained recommendation from these experts at a rate of above 95％,and 4 recommendation from these experts at a rate from 80％ to 90％.The rates of strong recommendation were not high,ranging from 60％ to 80％ in 26 recommendations and ＜ 60％ in 4.Conclusions The recommendations from the above 2 documents have been highly agreed upon by these experts we investigated but obtained a relatively low rate of strong recommendation.The present investigation may serve as a significant complement for recommendations from the 2 documents of expert consensus and a necessary reference for orthopaedic surgeons.
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Objective@#The effectiveness of two different sound therapies in chronic subjective tinnitus was compared. The effectiveness of different degrees of hearing loss patients on two different sound therapies were analyzed preliminarily and the possible mechanisms were discussed.@*Methods@#This clinical trial was conducted in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China from January 2018 to April 2018. Patients were received sound therapy when they were diagnosed as subjective tinnitus. This was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. In our clinical trial, we included 56 participants who were randomly divided into Groups A and B with different sound therapies by using a computer allocation sequence. Pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and tinnitus matching were performed. The patients were followed up for 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months. Tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and visual analog scales (VAS) measuring were used to evaluate the handicap, loudness and anxiety of tinnitus. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) of 2×5 repeated-measures was conducted.@*Results@#With the prolongation of the treatment time, both groups showed significantly lower scores after 3 months training compared with baseline which were measured by THI scores. While there was no effect between the two groups. According to the degree of hearing loss, Group A and B were divided into normal to mild hearing loss group (26-40 dB HL, Group A1, Group B1), moderate to profound hearing loss group (41 dB HL group and above, Group A2, Group B2). In the patients with normal hearing and mild hearing loss, the THI (P=0.013), VAS loudness and annoyance scores (P<0.01) after 3 months in Group B1 was significantly lower than those at baseline and the sound therapy in Group B1 was effective. In patients with moderate to profound hearing loss, the THI, VAS loudness and annoyance scores (P<0.01) after 3 months in Group A2 was significantly lower than those at baseline and the sound therapy in Group A2 was effective.@*Conclusions@#Sound therapy may be effective for some patients. Sound therapy for patients with different degrees of hearing loss are different. The tinnitus of most patients could not disappear completely, but reduce or eliminate. Doctors should use appropriate and individualized acoustic parameters for different characteristics of tinnitus. Doing so would provide effective and specific sound therapy for patients and reduce or eliminate tinnitus.
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For otitis media patients with severe mucosal lesions, adhesion is the most common poor prognosis of tympanoplasty. We generally consider tympanic cavity adhesion is due to eustachian tube dysfunction and poor middle ear ventilation. The mechanism of adhesion is unclear so far, which we thought is mainly associated with wounded surface and activation of the fibrinolytic system. To solve the problem of adhesion, several materials have been used in the middle ear surgery, such as plastic sheet, silicone sheet and absorbable material. And there are some benefits. The most widely used is silicone sheet, and there are some researches focused on its thickness, shape and components to achieve better anti-adhesion effect. In this article, we will do a review for the research advances of anti-adhesion materials in tympanoplasty.
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Objective To compare the therapeutic effects between the anesthetic and non-anesthetic closed reduction protocols for distal radius fractures based on the concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS).Methods A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of 186 patients with distal radius fracture who had been admitted to the Department of Orthopaedic Trauma,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from September 2018 to January 2019.The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the choice by themselves.Of them,72 (intervention group) underwent the standardized closed reduction under brachial block anesthesia based on the concept of ERAS while the other 114 (control group) conventional closed reduction under no anesthesia.The 2 groups were compared in terms of emergency reduction times,swelling scores,reoperation rate,splint removal time,functional outcomes by the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and radiographic outcomes by the Lidstr(o)m criteria.Results The patients in both groups were followed up for 6 months.The reduction times were fewer in the intervention group than in the control group (1.1 ± 0.1 versus 1.6 ±0.1,P ＜ 0.05).The reoperation rate was significautly lower in the intervention group than in the control group [2.8％ (2/72) versus 12.3％ (14/114),P ＜0.05].Reduction deteriorated the swelling condition.Compared with the control group,the swelling was significantly less in the intervention group (2.0 ± 0.1 versus 2.6 ±0.1,P ＜ 0.05).The splint removal time for the intervention group (5.3 ±0.2 weeks) was significantly shorter than that for the control group (6.9 ± 0.2 weeks) (P ＜ 0.05).The intervention group had significantly better PWRE scores than the control group (23.4 ± 1.0 versus 30.3 ± 1.1,P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between groups in the Lidstr(o)m evaluation (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with conventional closed reduction,the closed reduction under anesthesia based on the ERAS concept is an effective method for the emergency treatment of distal radius fracture,because it may minimize the patients' pain experience,increase the rate of successful reduction,decrease the rate of reoperation,shorten the splint fixation time and gain better functional outcomes.
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Objective@#To investigate the etiology, clinical and pathological characteristics of laryngeal leukoplakia and the predictive risk factors of recurrence and malignant transformation.@*Methods@#Clinical data of 263 patients with laryngeal leukoplakia between January 2000 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.@*Results@#The pathological diagnoses included squamous epithelial hyperplasia (54.4%), mild dysplasia (17.9%), moderate dysplasia (12.2%), severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (12.5%), and invasive carcinoma (3.0%). Age and the extent of lesion were statistically different among different pathological groups (P<0.05). Gender, smoking and alcohol consumption did not show statistical differences among different pathological groups (P>0.05). Follow-up of 215 patients, excluding 6 cases of invasive carcinoma. The recurrence rate was 20.6%(43/209), and the malignant transformation rate was 5.3%(11/209). Multivariate analysis showed that pathological classification of moderate to severe dysplasia was the independent risk factor for recurrence and malignant transformation of laryngeal leukoplakia (P<0.05). In patients with severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, the recurrence proportion of conservative treatment, vocal cords (partial) resection and radiotherapy were 8/10, 0/10 and 2/11 respectively.@*Conclusions@#Laryngeal leukoplakia occurs frequently in elderly men with long-term smoking history. Pathological diagnoses are different. The grade of dysplasia is the predictive risk factor for the recurrence and malignant transformation of laryngeal leukoplakia. More aggressive treatment and closer follow-up should be warranted for patients with moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ.
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Objective@#Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is defined as the visual acuity when there are relative movements between subjects and visual targets. The purpose of this study was to discuss the correlation between bedside DVA test and other examinations of vestibular function, and to assess the value of DVA test for clinical diagnosis.@*Methods@#Retrospective analysis of 323 cases with peripheral vestibular disorder, and analyzing the correlation between bedside DVA results and caloric test were performed.@*Results@#Out of these 323 cases, 113 cases showed positive results of DVA.Among these 113 cases with positive DVA test, 109 cases were bilateral or unilateral vestibular function loss according to the results of caloric test or VEMP. The disease with the highest positive rate of DVA was bilateral vestibulopathy(BVP), followed by vestibular neuritis (VN) and profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss (pSSNHL).@*Conclusions@#Bedside DVA is effective to determine the cases with BVP and severe unilateral vestibular function loss.
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Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and toxic reaction of Tegafur,Gimeraciland Oteracil Potassium Capsule combined with Gemcitabine chemotherapy for patients with radical resection for advanced gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The clinical dataof 135 patients with advanced gallbladder cancer who were admitted to the 1 st Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and supported after the gastrectomy by the pathology from June 2007 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into three groups by different therapeutic regimens,operation groups (Radical resection or Extended radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma) with 47 cases,chemotherapy A group (Tegafur,Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium Capsule combined with Gemcitabine chemotherapy after Radical resection or Extended radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma) with 52 cases,and chemotherapy B group (5-Fluorouracil combined with Oxaliplatin chemotherapy after Radical resection or Extended radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma) with 36 cases.We collected the dates of all patients with the median survival time and the 1,3 and 5-year survival rate after operation,and counted the rate of major toxic reaction after chemotherapy.Results There were no significant differences in the general date of three groups (sex,age,tumor size,CA19-9,CA125,TNM stages,with or without cholecystolithiasis,operation methods,operation complication),The chemotherapy A group and chemotherapy B group had no differenceswiththe median survival time and 1,3 and 5-year survival rate after operation.There were significant differences in the median survival time and 3,5-year survival rate after operation between the operation group and chemotherapy A group (or between the operation group and chemotherapy B group).There were significant differences in the rate of whole toxic reaction and the rate of toxic reaction beyond Ⅲ degree between chemotherapy A group and chemotherapy B group.Conclusions The treatment of Tegafur,Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium Capsule combined with Gemcitabine chemotherapy for patients with radical resection of advanced gallbladder carcinoma has a lower rate of whole toxic reaction and rate of toxic reaction beyond Ⅲ degree than 5-Fluorouracil combined with Oxaliplatin chemotherapy,and for patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma,the frontal treatment can obviously prolong the median survival time and effectively improve the 3 and 5-year survival rate after operation.
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Objective To report the treatment of distal radius fractures with dorsal dislocation of Fernandez type Ⅳ by open reduction and internal fixation via a combined dorsal and volar approach.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 14 cases of fresh distal radius fracture with dorsal dislocation of Fernandez type Ⅳ which had been treated by open reduction and internal fixation via a combined dorsal and volar approach at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from July 2010 to June 2016.All the patients were male,with an average age of 38.4 years (from 27 to 52 years).The time from injury to surgery averaged 6.9 days (from 4 to 10 days).Their injury involved 5 left and 9 right wrists.Follow-up was performed at 1,2,3,6 and 12 months after operation when anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films were taken and functional exercise guidance was provided.At 6 and 12 months after operation,all the patients were evaluated using modified Garland-Werley scoring and Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE).Results The patients were followed up for an average of 19.4 months (from 15 to 26 months).Their fractures healed well.Their fracture healing time averaged 3.1 months (from 2 to 4 months).Their modified Garland-Werley scores at 6and 12 months after surgery were 8.9 points (from 6 to 13 points) and 7.3 points (from 4 to 11 points),respectively;their PRWE scores were 17.9 points (from 12 to 25 points) and 16.5 points (from 11 to 23 points),respectively.None of the patients was inflicted by infection,vascular injury or internal fixation failure.Conclusion The open reduction and internal fixation via a combined dorsal and volar approach can restore the stability of both the dorsal osseous structure of the distal radius and the volar ligament structure of the wrist,facilitating postoperative maintenance of the radiocarpal joint stability,improving the wrist function and leading to satisfactory outcomes.
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Objective To investigate the effects of drainage tube placement after fracture internal fixation.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted of the 235 patients who were to undergo open reduction and internal fixation for tibia fracture,distal radial fracture or ankle joint fracture at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March to August,2016.Of them,123 were assigned into an experimental group who were subjected to adequate hemostasis after releasing the tourniquet without drainage following surgery while 112 into a control group who were subjected to conventional hemostasis without relaxing the tourniquet and placement of drainage tubes.The 2 groups were compared in terms of postoperative hospital stay,wound condition,body temperature 3 days postoperatively,counts of hemoglobins,white blood cells and neutrophils,and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS).Results High fever was not observed in all the patients postoperatively.There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in postoperative hospital stay[(3.3 ± 1.6) d versus (3.7 ± 1.7) d],wound reddening,wound swelling,hemoglobins,white blood cells,neutrophils,or VAS scores postoperatively (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Drainage tube placement is not routinely necessary after internal fixation of simple fractures if surgical invasion is limited and hemostasis is adequate after intraoperative release of the tourniquet.
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Objective To compare the results of TEOAE and DPOAE in the same population of normal newborns, to provide information on choosing appropriate screening tools.Methods A two-steps protocol was taken with the first screening during the first 48 to 72 hours of birth and rescreened from one to two months old if the newborns failed the first screening.For each step of screening, TEOAE and DPOAE were performed simultaneously using AccuScreen hearing screening instrument (Madsen-GN Otometrics, Taastrup, Denmark).A total of 1 062 normal newborns (F/M=508/554) delivered in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this research for the first screening.Infants who failed either TEOAE or DPOAE screening in the first screening were referred to a second screening.Among them, 135 performed both DPOAE and TEOAE in the second step.The newborns who failed the second screening would receive ABR when they were 3 months old.Results In the first screening,the failure rate for TEOAE was 11.0% (117/1 062) and 13.7% (145/1 062) for DPOAE.In the second screening step, the failure rates were 17.8% (24/135) and 20.7% (28/135) for TEOAE and DPOAE, respectively.Chi-square and Fisher's test showed that the failure rates of DPOAE were significant higher than TEOAE for both steps (P<0.001).The agreements between TEOAE and DPOAE were 96.0% and 95.6% for the first and second steps respectively, and the kappa values were 0.817 and 0.857.As to the average time taken to accomplish the screening for one ear, TEOAE was 24±25 s and DPOAE was 40±34 s during the first screening;in the rescreening, TEOAE was 52±41 s and DPOAE was 73±62 s.Paired-t tests showed that the differences between DPOAE and TEOAE testing time were statistically significant (P=0.000) in both screening steps.Finally, 7 newborns (10 ears) were diagnosed conductive hearing loss(except 1 ear was sensorineural hearing loss).Conclusion As a screening tool, TEOAE got lower refer rates and took less time than DPOAE implicating TEOAE a better screening tool for normal neonates.
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Objective@#To explore the safety and validity of endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy in patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia.@*Methods@#A total of 19 patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia suffered from sustained dysphagia were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy(CPM) group and endoscopic CPM (ECPM) group. Swallowing function and complications were evaluated.SPSS7.0 software was used to analyze the data.@*Results@#The swallowing function improved significantly in seven patients in ECPM group, and 9 patients improved in CPM group.The video fluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS)-swallowing score, VFSS-aspiration score and drinking test score were (3.1±1.1), (3.4±0.8) and (2.0±0.6)in post-ECPM, (3.4±1.4), (3.0±0.9) and (2.2±0.6)in post-CPM. No statistical difference was found in validity between CPM group and ECPM group(t=-0.435, t=1.086, t=-0.607, P>0.05). No statistical difference was observed on the occurrence of complication between two groups. Only one patient had subcutaneous emphysema after operation in ECPM.@*Conclusions@#New surgical instruments and endoscopic surgical technique were safe and effective for cricopharyngeal achalasia. Because these instruments are cheaper, laryngeal endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy is easier to be popularized more easily than microscopic laser assistted CPM.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinic feature, pathology, therapy and prognosis of the sarcomatoid caricinoma or carcinosarcoma of the larynx.@*Methods@#We reviewed the clinical records of 7 patients with laryngeal carcinosarcoma /sarcomatoid caricinoma who were treated at our hospital between June 1996 and August 2016. All patients were men (mean age, 65.9 years; range, 52 to 94 years). Among 7 patients, 6 had a history of smoking; 2 underwent radiotherapy; and 5 patients who didn′t undergo radiotherapy complained of hoarseness. The glottis was the most frequent site of involvement. Most tumors exhibited a polypold or pedunculated gross morphology. Among the 5 patients who didn′t undergo a radiotherapy, 2 were in stage Ⅰ, 2 in stageⅡ, and 1 in stage Ⅲ. The other 2 cases underwent surgeries and radiotherapy were staged.@*Results@#All 7 patients received surgeries, without lymph node metastasis. All the tumors were pathologically carcinosarcoma/sarcomatoid carcinoma. With immunohistochemistry examination, Vimetin was positive in all tumors, SMA positive in 3 tumors, S-100 positive in 1 tumors, but CD-68, HMB-45 or Myglobin was negative in all tumors. With follows-up from 3 months to 20 years, of 7 patients, 4 survived without recurrent, 1 dead, and 2 lost connection.@*Conclusions@#Both of the carcinosarcoma and the sarcomatoid carcinoma of larynx contain pathologically carcinoma and sarcoma. Surgery is the best choice for laryngeal sarcomatoid carcinoma, and these patients without a undergoing radiotherapy before surgery or these with little sarcoma in tumors show better prognosis.
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Objective@#The purpose of this study was to report two cases of light cupulopathy, and describe the characteristics of these cases and analysis the possible physiopathological mechanisms.@*Methods@#The histories, clinical features, characteristics of nystagmus, and vestibular function, as well as audiologic results of the two patients with light cupula were analyzed.@*Results@#The two patients showed persistent geotropic direction changing positional nystagmus(DCPN)in the supine head roll tests. The null plane was present when the head was turn slightly towards affected side. Canalith repositioning maneuver was not effective. A mild sensorineural hearing loss was found on the involved ear in one patient but not in the other. The vestibular functions of two patients were abnormal.@*Conclusions@#The characteristics of nystagmus with light cupulopathy are persistent geotropic DCPN with a null plane. The clinical features are similar with the horizontal semicircular canal canalolithasis. Canalith repositioning maneuver is not recommended for its ineffectiveness.