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Objective:To evaluate the screening value of serum pepsinogen (PG) Ⅰ, pepsinogen ratio (PGR, PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ) and gastrin 17 (G17) levels combined with gastroscopy for early-stage gastric cancer in high incidence areas of gastric cancer in Qinghai Province.Methods:A total of 2 700 cases were identified as the appropriate age (40-69 years) target population through the questionnaire survey from 25 000 local residents in high incidence areas of gastric cancer in Qinghai Province. The serum PGⅠ, PGⅡ and G17 levels of the 2 700 target population were determined by ELISA, and PGR were calculated. And then 949 patients with abnormal levels of PG and G17 were screened out as a high-risk group of gastric cancer to receive gastroscopy and pathologic biopsy. According to the results of gastroscopy and biopsy, the patients were divided into non-atrophic gastritis group, atrophic gastritis group, peptic ulcer group, early-stage gastric cancer group, and advanced gastric cancer group. The optimal threshold and its sensitivity and specificity of serum PG Ⅰ, PGR and G17 levels for diagnosis of early-stage and advanced gastric cancer were determined based on the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC).Results:Totally 949 cases received gastroscopy and 649 cases received pathological biopsy, including 239 cases of non-atrophic gastritis, 500 cases of atrophic gastritis, 197 cases of peptic ulcer, 5 cases of early-stage gastric cancer, and 8 cases of advanced gastric cancer. The level of serum PG Ⅰ in the early-stage gastric cancer group (70.00±12.35 μg/L) and advanced gastric cancer group (38.39±2.77 μg/L) was significant lower than that in the non-atrophic gastritis group (103.89±37.45 μg/L, both P<0.05), and the value of early-stage gastric cancer group was obviously higher than that of advanced gastric cancer group ( P<0.05). The PGR of the early-stage gastric cancer group (3.74±1.40) and the advanced gastric cancer group (2.05±0.59) was significantly lower than that in the non-atrophic gastritis group (9.18±4.10, both P<0.05), and the value of early-stage gastric cancer group was significantly higher than that of the advanced gastric cancer group ( P<0.05). The level of serum G17 in the early gastric cancer group (18.03±4.52 pmol/L) and the advanced gastric cancer group (25.15±3.76 pmol/L) was significantly higher than that in the non-atrophic gastritis group (14.99±7.12 pmol/L, both P<0.05), and the level of early-stage gastric cancer group was significantly lower than that of advanced gastric cancer group ( P<0.05). According to the analysis of ROC in the diagnosis of early-stage gastric cancer, the best threshold of PG Ⅰ, PGR and G17 was 71.85 μg/L, 5.04, and 15.65 pmol/L, respectively, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity was 80.0% and 59.0%, 100.0% and 70.4%, and 80.0% and 69.3%, respectively, for PG Ⅰ, PGR and G17. The analysis of ROC in the diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer showd that the best critical value of PG Ⅰ, PGR and G17 was 42.55 μg/L, 2.79 and 20.55 pmol/L, respectively, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity was 100.0% and 95.3%, 100.0% and 92.1%, and 100.0% and 89.7%, respectively. Conclusion:Using serological detection of PG and G17 to screen high-risk group of gastric cancer, and then making diagnosis by gastroscopy and biopsy is an effective, low-cost and non-invasive approach for the early-stage gastric cancer in high incidence areas of gastric cancer in Qinghai Province.
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BACKGROUND:In recent years, the spinal internal fixation technology has made rapid development based on biomechanics and material sciences. OBJECTIVE: To review the biomechanical characteristics of the lumbosacral spine and the application of various internal fixation materials in the reconstruction of spinal stability after lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis. METHODS:A computer-based search of Medline and Chinese Journal Ful-Text Database was performed for relevant articles using the keyword of “lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis, biomaterials materials, fixation” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rigid internal fixation is a conventional treatment for lumbosacral tuberculosis, which improves the spinal alignment and stability during the spinal reconstruction. Metalic materials such as stainless steel, titanium and titanium aloys have been widely used in rigid internal fixation, but metal sedimentation, non-transparency, stress shielding and osteoporosis after internal fixation impact the fusion effects and imaging observation. Absorbable materials as newly-developing materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability in orthopedic internal fixation. To select the appropriate material for internal fixation, the biomechanical properties of internal fixation materials wil be investigated according to the degree of vertebral damage and lumbosacral stability.
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The M and S segment cDNAs of hantavirus Z5 strain was amplified by RT-PCR,and the purified PCR products were cloned into vector pGEM-T and then sequenced.It was demonstrated that the M genome segment of Z5 was found to be 3 616 nucleotides in length with a single open reading frame encoding 1 135 amino acids.And the S genome segment was 1700 nucleotides in length with a single open reading frame encoding 429 amino acids.As demonstrated by the homologous analysis of nucleotides and amino acids,it was showed that the Z5 strain belonged to hantaan viruses HTN type and was the same subtype of the Z10 strain.It is conclouded that difference in nucleotide sequence exists between Z5 strain with other Hantavirus strains but high level of homology in amino acid sequences is still present.
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Objective To study the complete genome sequence of Hantavirus ZT71 strain gene isolated in Zhejiang province and explore its evolution. nethods The total RNA was prepared from ZT71 virus infected cells and the RT-PCR products were cloned into T vector, sequenced and analyzed. Results The L, M and S segments of the strain ZT71 genome were 6530,3651 and 1753 nucleotides in length with a single open reading frame individually encoding 2151,1133 and 429 amino acids. The sequence analysis of nucleotides showed that the homology of L, M and S segments of strain ZT71 between those of other strains of Seoul virus could reach 95.5%-99.7%, 84.1%-99.6% and 88.7%-99.5%, respectively. The analysis of the deduced amino acids showed the similar result. The source of strain ZT71 could be traced from the analysis of the phylogentic trees of nucleotides and amino acids, and it should belong to Seoul type of Hantavirus which was also verified serologically. Conclusion The nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences of L, M and S segments of strain ZT71 are similar to that of those of Seoul type of Hantavirus. And Hantaan type virus used to be prevalent primarily in Zhejiang province,and it would be an endemic area of mixed type of Hantavirus since the discoveries of the viruses of Soeul type in recent years.
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Objective To compare the molecular characteristics of hantanvirus strains isolated from 1980 to 2002 in Zhejiang Province by PCR and nucleotide sequencing.Methods Total RNA was extracted from hantanvirus infected Vero-E6 cells. The M segment cDNA of hantaan ZJ4 and ZJ7 strains were obtained by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, subsequently cloned into pUCm-T vector and sequencing.Results Two strains ZJ4 and ZJ7 of hantanvirus isolated from Rottus in Zhejiang province were HTN viruses. HTN virus strain Z10 was isolated in 1980. Comparison ZJ4 and ZJ7 with Z10 strains indicated that there were 88.3% and 92.3% homology at the nucleotide level.Conclusion The HTN virus were very conserved. The homology of HTN virus isolated from Zhejiang Province was high nucleotide level, though they were isolated at more than 20-year intervals.