ABSTRACT
Mitochondria is one of the important organelles, which is composed of outer mitochondrial membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial structure and function are regulated by mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial fusion- and fission-related proteins may participate in the process of mitochondrial fusion and fission, mediate mitochondrial dynamics, thereby regulating cell structure, function and energy metabolism. Mitofusin (MFN) 2, a protein located on the outer mitochondrial membrane of mammalian, has guanosine triphosphatase activity, which may mediate mitochondrial fusion, participate in mitophagy, formation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane and apoptosis, and significantly affect the incidence and development of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In this article, the structure, regulation, function of MFN2 and its role in IRI were reviewed, and the relationship between MFN2 and IRI and underlying mechanism were investigated, aiming to provide novel targets and ideas for the prevention and treatment of IRI.
ABSTRACT
Early detection of renal allograft dysfunction plays a critical role in the management of immunosuppression and the survival of renal allograft. However, early detection of renal allograft dysfunction still has certain challenges because no significant changes could be observed in clinical manifestations and biochemical parameters during the early stage. As a novel ultrasound examination tool in recent years, shear wave elastography has been successfully applied in the detection of thyroid, breast, liver and alternative organs. In addition, it also has promising application prospect in the examination of renal allograft due to multiple advantages of real-time, dynamic, accuracy and repeatability. In this article, the classification, principle, advantages, influencing factors of shear wave elastography and its application in the field of kidney transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for clinicians to make accurate decisions in the prevention and monitoring of renal allograft diseases.
ABSTRACT
JC virus (JCV) is a member of polyomaviridae family that infects approximately 70% of the population worldwide. JCV constantly stays in a latent state after the primary infection. In immunosuppressed individuals, especially under the circumstances of low cellular immune function, JCV may be reactivated and lead to severe clinical manifestations. In recent years, the correlation between JCV and complications after renal transplantation has captivated widespread attention. JCV-associated nephropathy (JCVAN) has been reported. Here, latest research progresses on the epidemiology, molecular biology, in vivo infection process, JCV and complications after renal transplantation, and the relationship between JCV and BKV were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the adjustment of immunosuppressive regimen following renal transplantation.
ABSTRACT
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an immunoglobulin (Ig) isolated from the plasma of healthy human, and its main component is IgG. The mechanism of IVIG is complex, which may play a role via multiple pathways. For example, the combination of Fc fragment of IgG with various Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) regulates inflammatory response and autoantibody metabolism, and Fab fragment of IgG neutralizes multiple antigens and other molecules. IVIG may also inhibit complement activation and affect the balance of anti-inflammation and proinflammation among immune cells. In the treatment of diseases, IVIG constantly plays a role through multiple mechanisms simultaneously, primarily via one certain mechanism in different diseases. IVIG is commonly applied in the desensitization treatment of sensitized patients, ABO incompatible renal transplantation, antibody-mediated rejection and several infectious diseases. In this article, the mechanism of IVIG and its application in renal transplantation were reviewed.
ABSTRACT
In order to provide inspirations and suggestions for the development of medical examination methods in the future, this essay applies SWOT analysis to probe into the strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O) and threats (T) of current online assessment method, matches any two of them for analysis, and therefore puts forward four strategies accordingly from the perspective of SO, WO, ST and WT.