ABSTRACT
There are many abnormal signaling pathways in the occurrence, development and microenvironment of liver cancer. The abnormal activation or inhibition of cell signaling pathway can regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration, and then affect inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor migration. Experimental studies have shown that Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can prevent and treat hepatocellular carcinoma by intervention with the transduction of related signaling pathways, which mainly includes hedgehog signaling pathway, IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway. At present stage, TCM has a definite effect on the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, but the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated, and the regulation of TCM on liver cancer related signaling pathways still needs further exploration.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate closure of different Fisher grade patients with subarachnoid product volume and the degree of cerebral vasospasm aneurysm clipping.Methods Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were selected from January 2014 to January 2015,including 20 patients with grade Ⅰ,25 patients with grade Ⅱ,and 15 patients with grade Ⅲ.They were divided into 20 patients with aneurysmal SAH(A group),18 patients without aneurysmal SAH (B group) and C group(22 cases).The operation effect was compared.Results C group as the standard,CT preoperative diagnosis had no statistically significant difference among A,B,C group (x2 =0.12,P ＞0.05).After treatment,the cerebral spasticity scores of A,B group were significantly decreased,and the level-Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients decreased more significantly compared with stage Ⅲ patients,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(x2 =7.05,P ＜ 0.05).In group C,the blood flow velocity at the 7th and 13rd day significantly increased (x2 =7.05,P ＜ 0.05),and velocity of blood flow in group A and B Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients was significantly higher than that of grade Ⅲ patients (t =8.75,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For the patients with Fisher grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the increase in the volume of subarachnoid hemorrhage,cerebral vasospasm,and the effect of the patients with Ⅲ were more obvious.
ABSTRACT
Objective To examine the role of c-Src activation in hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in liver cancer.Methods SMMC-7721 liver cancer cells were transfected with HBx gene to induce EMT and the activated c-Src expression was evaluated by Western blot.Both the morphological changes and the epithelial and mesenchymal markers expression (real-time PCR,western blot and immunocytochemistry) of HBx-transfected SMMC-7721 cell treated by c-Src kinase inhibitor PP2 and negative control PP3 were observed and compared,respectively.Results The activated c-Src expression in HBx gene transfected SMMC-7721 cells was significantly increased compared to that in mock transfected cells,c-Src kinase inhibitor PP2 could enable the HBx-transfected SMMC-7721 cells to transmit from spindle-like shape to original epithelial morphology.Western blot and immunocytochemistry confirmed that the expression of epithelial markers and mesenchymal markers almost returned to the levels of parental cells,indicating the mesenchymal-epithelial transition.Conclusions c-Src activation plays a key role in the process of EMT induced by HBx protein in SMMC-7721 cells.
ABSTRACT
The aortic arch and its ramifications were studied in 76 chinese infant specimens (♂44,♀52)We examined its position,length and circumference and the types of its ramifications. 1.In average,the superior border of infant's aortic arch is situated at the level of the intervertebral disc between the second and third thoracic vertebrae,and the inferior border is situated at the level of the upper one-third of the fourth thoracic vertebra. 2.The medial point between the superior and inferior borders of the aortic arch,in average,is situated at the level of lower one third of the third thoracic vertebra.In the 3 age-groups,1,2 and 3-year old infants,in 76 specimens,we found that the levels of the medial point of aortic arches,corresponding to 6.05,6.10and 6.19 in the 7 th region of the vertebral column respectively,Comparison of this figures with those of the adult revealed that its height in the infant is higher than in the adult. 3.The average lengths of aortic arch of the 3 age-groups of the Chinese infants were 20.6?1.31mm,19.3?0.59mm and 20.8?0.43mm respectively. 4.The circumferences of the aortic arch of the 3 age-groups of the Chinese infants before the aortic arch divided int?the innominate artery,in average,were 35.8?0.86 mm,36.4?1.04 mm and 38.6?0.83 mm respectively,and after dividing into the left subclavian artery,in average,they were 26.1?1.01mm,26.9?1.25 mm and 29.7?0.79 mm respectively. 5.Seven types can be distinguished in the patterns of the ramifications of the aortic arch.One type was not included in the twenty types of the ramification that have been suggested by Chang Wei-lung according to McDdonald and Anson's classification.This new type increases the number of the types of the human aortic arch to twenty one.The seven types viz: Type A:52.infants,68.42?5.33%.Type B:11 infants,14.47?4.03%.Type G: 4 infants,5.26?2.56%.Type D:1 infant,1.32?1.31%.Type F:4 infants,5.26? 2.56%.(One of the four cases is named thyro-thymus trunk).Type BF:1 infant,1.32 ?1.31%.(This type was composed of a common trunk,which consisted of the inno- minate and left common carotid,the left subclavian and the thyroidea ima arising from the common trunk.According to De Garis's classification,we combine type B with type F into type BF).Type J:3 infants,3.95?2.23%.(This type was more common in infants than in adults). 6.By comparing the types of ramification of aortic arch in 76 specimens with those of the adult,it reveals that the types of the ramifications of aortic arches vary with age.
ABSTRACT
The position,length,size,and the site and pattern of ramification of the innominate arteries and common carotid arteries were studied in 76 specimens(♂44,♀32)of one- year-old to three-year-old Chinese infants. 1.The position relation between the innominate artery and trachea may be divided into three patterns:type Ⅰ:2 infants(2.63?1.8%),type Ⅱ:33 infants(43.42? 5.72%),type Ⅲ:41 infants(53.95?5.71%). 2.In 76 specimens the ramification region of innominate arteries of the Chinese infants were studied,among which in 57 specimens(75.0?4.96%)the site of ramifi- cation of innominate arteries is situated above the upper border of the sternoclavicular joint,and in 19 specimens(25.0?4.96%)behind the sternoclavicular joint.The region of ramification is higher in position in the infant than in the adult. 3.The average length of innominate arteries of all 76 specimens of 3 age groups: one,two,and three years old,is 20.7?0.42mm,19.2?0.56mm and 21.8?0.94mm respectively.The average circumference is 19.8?0.64mm,20.3?0.21mm and 21.0? 0.51mm respectively. 4.In 63 cases(82.9?4.32%)the innominate artery arises from the aortic arch by itself,in the other 13(17.1?4.32%)it arises from a common trunk,which is formed by the union of the innominate artery with the left common carotid artery.Among the 76 specimens,71 cases did not give off branches on its way,but in 4 specimens(5.26? 2.56%)the thyroidea ima is branched off directly from the innominate artery on its way,while in 1 specimen(1.32?1.31%)it arises from the common trunk. 5.The average site of ramification of the common carotid artery of the 76 Chinese infants is situated at the level of npper border of the intervertebral disc between the third and the fourth cervical vertebrae,but it is different on both sides:37 cases(48.7? 5.73%)with a higher level on the left,14 cases(18.4?4.44%)with.a higher level on the right side,25 cases(32.9?5.38%)with both sides on the same level. 6.The ramification angle of the common carotid arteries of the 76 infants fall into three patterns:60 sides(39.5?3.96%)belong to the acute angle pattern,40 sides(26.3? 3.57%)belong to the arcform pattern and 52 sides(34.2?84%)belong to the in- termediate pattern.The acute angle pattern is more common than the arcform pattern in the infants. 7.The average length of common carotid arteries of all 76 specimens of the three age-groups in one-、two-、three-year-old Chinese infants was 42.9?1.55mm,45.7?0.57 mm and 47.8?1.50mm on the right side and 59.0?1.10 mm,56.7?2.99mm and 64.9?1.62mm on the left side respectively,but the average circumference was 14.8 ?0.77mm,16.3?0.14mm and 16.6?0.19mm on the right side and 15.6?0.61 mm, 16.6?0.13mm and 17.3?0.40mm on the left side respectively.