ABSTRACT
Objective@#Abstract: Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of miR-138 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in the patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). @*Methods@#A total of 30 patients with HBV-related HCC, 20 with HBV-related cirrhosis (LC) and 30 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were recruited from Jiaozuo People′s Hospital. The blood samples from all patients and the peritoneal effusion samples from HCC and LC patients were collected. The levels of miR-138 and soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) in blood and peritoneal effusion samples were detected by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. The expressions of PD-1 in T lymphocytes were measured with flow cytometry and western blot. The targeting effect of miR-138 on the 3′-non-coding region (3′-UTR) of PD-1 gene was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter gene system. @*Results@#The relative expression levels of miR-138 in the peritoneal effusion and plasma of HBV-related HCC patients were significantly lower than those in LC and CHB patients (P＜0.05). The serum sPD-1 levels and the expression levels of PD-1 in CD3 + T lymphocytes of HBV-related HCC patients were significantly higher than those in LC and CHB patients (P＜0.05). The relative expression levels of miR-138 were negatively correlated with serum sPD-1 levels and the expression levels of PD-1 in CD3 + T lymphocytes (P＜0.05). The dual-luciferase reporter gene system and western blot results demonstrated that there was a targeting relationship between miR-138 and the 3′-UTR of PD-1 gene. After miR-138 was transfected, the expression level of PD-1 was significantly down-regulated. @*Conclusion@#miR-138 participates in the development and progression of HBV-related HCC probably by targeting PD-1.
ABSTRACT
Water and salt requirements were studied in 17 and 18 healthy young men respectively. Each subject walked in a hot and humid environment (DB 28-34℃, RH 50-76%) at a speed of 5 km/hr with backpack loads of 15-25 kg for four hours. Dehydration would occur if no water or inadequate water was supplied and it would affect circulatory, sweating and thermore-gulatory function. It was suggested that MCHC= mightbeasensitive index to determine whether the body was dehydrated or not and to evaluate adequate amount of drinking water. The results showed that water loss should be replaced preferably by periodic intake of small amounts of water throughout the work period and the total amount required was about 80% of sweat loss. Thus, the rise of body temperature and heart rate was less than that of the subjects drinking 250 ml/hr of water or drinking voluntarily and there was little change in MCHC. The results also showed that the loss of salt by sweating was closely related to heat acclimatization. Therefore it is imporatnt to provide adequate salt to those unacclima-tized. Those taking 20 gm/day had a mild increase of rectal temperature and heart rate during work period and their urinary excretions of chloride were above 5 gm/day. According to the experiment, 20 gm/day of salt gave a satisfactory result.