ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of chromogranin A in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms after laparoscopic surgery,and to monitor the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with real-time monitoring.Methods Forty-five patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms were enrolled in this study from March 2013 to March 2015 in First Hospita of Yulin City.All patients were underwent laparoscopic surgery.The surgical results were observed and the levels of postoperative chromogranin A were monitored.Comparisons between groups were evaluated with the x2 test.Follow-up using telephone interview was performed to detect patients' survival and up to January 2017.Results TNM patients with benign and malignant patients in the postoperative chromogranin A examination found that the positive expression rate were 85.0％ and 53.0％,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01) and the corresponding synaptophysine examination were 88.0％ and 89.0％ (P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rates of chromogranin A in patients with lymph node metastasis and non-lymph node metastasis were 47.0％ and 80.0％,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).The positive expression rates of the corresponding synaptophysin were 87.0％ and 87.0％,respectively (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Endoscopic surgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms is a minimally invasive,safe surgical approach,long-term survival rate of patients with the use of chromogranin A to monitor the level of patients after surgery can effectively assess the development and prognosis of the disease,but the synaptophysine has no significance in assessing the prognosis of the patient.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Most of the natural chitosan are shaped as powder and have small specific surface area.It is difficult to reclaim both vector and adsorbate by chitosan,thus limiting its application as an adsorbing vector.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the optimal preparation technology of porous chitosan microspheres.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Repeated-measures experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Applied Chemistry,Shaanxi University of Technology from November 2006 to May 2007.MATERIALS:Chitosan with a deacetylation degree of 95.62%.METHODS:The reverse liquid phase suspension polymerization method was adopted in this study using cyclohexane as porogenic agent and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent.Cyclohexane and cutaraldehyde were added continuously,with the alterations of reaction temperature,stirring speed and extraction time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The influence on the preparation of porous chitosan microspheres by the dosage of cyclohexane and glutaraldehyde,reaction temperature,stirring speed and extraction time was observed.RESULTS:The optimal conditions of preparing porous chitosan microspheres,in which 90% particle diameters were 3-12 μm,included:reaction temperature 60-70℃.medium stirring speed 100-120 r/min,extraction time no less than 48 hours.CONCLUSION:The preparation method used in this study has short time-consuming,the prepared chitosan microspheres are characteristic as micron-grade diameter,narrow distributing particle size and porosity.