ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the exercise and rehabilitation training programs for children's balance ability using scoping review. Methods:The literatures about children's balance ability, exercise and rehabilitation training were retrieved from CNKI, VIP, PubMed and Web of Science, until 2021-03-17. The authors, published time, countries, objects and their ages, study tools, interventions and the time, and outcomes were extracted. Results:A total of 2679 literatures were returned, 34 of which were enrolled, which came from 13 countries, and were almost published in journals of medicine, sports science, and rehabilitation and disabilities. The literatures were mainly published after 2010, investigate with measurements and scales. The measurements mainly included foot pressure system, force platform, Biodex balancer, etc.; and the scales mainly included Berg Balance Scale, Pediatric Balance Scale, Gross Motor Function Measure, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, etc. There were four typies of program: balance training, interactive computer games, virtual reality and sports events. Interventions for sick children included strength training, whole-body vibration training, Wii-Fit balance games and virtual reality treadmill training, etc. Sports for healthy children mainly included skating, Taiji Quan and gymnastics, etc. Conclusion:There are differences in the researches for children's balance ability at home and abroad. The abroad researches focus on the children with various diseases, in a larger age range, using more evaluation tools and more intervention methods. However, Chinese researches are usually for a longer intervention time, more subjects, and focusing more on healthy children. It is needed to pay more attention on children with diseases before three years old, for early diagnosis and treatment. Long-term effects should be observed other than immediateness after intervention.
ABSTRACT
The objective data from the three-dimensional gait analysis equipment test is complex and difficult to explain in the actual evaluation. In order to solve it, the gait index is proposed. The purpose of this review is to analyze the most commonly used gait evaluation index in clinical practice and discuss its calculation methods, advantages and limitations. The results showed that Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and Gait Profile Score (GPS) were the two most widely used indexes, but the operation of GDI was complex; the selection of parameters of Gillette Gait Index (GGI) was poor in objectivity, and the application was limited; the electromyography data is very important in the complete evaluation of gait mode, but the combination with gait indices was not close at present. The influence of gait speed has not been discussed in researches about indices except GGI.
ABSTRACT
It is important to predict fall risk for the old adults. Gait and imbalance are generally considered as the greatest risk for falls. Largest Lypunov Exponent (LyE) reflects the gait stability, and it needs to improve in standardization and acceptable algorithms for clinical use. Gait indices are correlated with each other, with their own advantages and limitations. Gait Deviation Index is representative and reliable, and easy to calculate. Gait variability can predict the possibility of falls in the old adults. The combination of all the indices may improve the accuracy of falls risk prediction for the old adults.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the recovery effect of postural control by electrical stimulation acupoint massage after local muscle fatigue by investigating joint torque, surface electromyography (EMG) signal, balance ability and foot pressure distributions. Methods Six subjects (12 person-times) accepted isokinetic, SEMG and foot pressure test under the condition of normal rest or electrical stimulation acupoint massage after ankle fatigue. Results After electrical stimulation acupoint massage, ①the forward and backward displacement of COF (center of force) was significantly reduced and the contact area of T1, T2 and T4,5 was increased to (11.64±2.12), (6.57±0.97), (3.72±1.33) cm2, respectively. ② In ankle isokinetic test (90°/s), the total work of ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion was significantly increased to (56.71±13.26) and (19.75±3.79) J. ③ In right leg stance, RMS (root mean square) of the tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius was decreased significantly; the ankle isokinetic test (90°/s) showed that the RMS of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius was increased from (48.95±13.50) and (33.67±6.41) μV to (59.87±11.46) and (43.73±4.65) μV, respectively. Conclusions Electrical stimulation acupoint massage can optimize the force strategy and improve the stability of the ankle, further improve the postural control ability, promote the recovery of sports ability and avoid sports injuries.