ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic pain caused by somatosensory neuropathy or disease, and genistein (Gen) might be a potential drug for the treatment of NP. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of Gen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury of dorsal root ganglion neuron (DRGn) in rats and the possible molecular mechanism.@*METHODS@#The DRGn of 1-day-old juvenile rats were taken for isolation and culture. The DRGn in logarithmic growth phase were divided into a control group, a LPS group, a tubastatin hydrochloride (TSA)+LPS group, a Gen1+LPS group, a Gen2+LPS group, a Gen2+LPS+TSA group, a Gen2+pcDNA-histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)+LPS group, and a Gen2+pcDNA3.1+LPS group. The LPS group was treated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h; the TSA+LPS group, the Gen1+LPS group, the Gen2+LPS group were treated with 5 μmol/L TSA, 5 μmol/L Gen, 10 μmol/L Gen respectively for 0.5 h, and then added 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h; the Gen2+TSA+LPS group was treated with 10 μmol/L Gen and 5 μmol/L TSA for 0.5 h and then added 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h; the Gen2+pcDNA-HDAC6+LPS group and the Gen2+pcDNA3.1+LPS group received 100 nmol/L pcDNA-HDAC6 and pcDNA3.1 plasmids respectively, and 24 h after transfection, 10 μmol/L Gen was pretreated for 0.5 h, and then added 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the HDAC6 mRNA expression in DRGn; CCK-8 method was used to detect cell viability of DRGn; flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis of DRGn; ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in DRGn culture supernatant; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of HDAC6, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and NF-κB p65 in DRGn.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the expression levels of HDAC6 mRNA and protein, the expression levels of TLR4 and MyD88 protein in DRGn of LPS group rats were significantly up-regulated, the ratio of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 was significantly increased, and the activity of DRGn was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the DRGn culture supernatant were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, the expression levels of HDAC6 mRNA and protein, TLR4 and MyD88 protein expression levels in DRGn of the TSA+LPS group, the Gen1+LPS group, the Gen2+LPS group and the Gen2+TSA+LPS group were significantly down-regulated, the ratio of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 was significantly decreased, the activity of DRGn was significantly increased, the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the DRGn culture supernatant were significantly decreased (all P<0.05), and the above changes were most obvious in the Gen2+TSA+LPS group. Compared with the Gen2+LPS group, the expression levels of HDAC6 mRNA and protein, TLR4 and MyD88 protein expression levels in DRGn of the Gen2+pcDNA-HDAC6+LPS group were significantly up-regulated, the ratio of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 was significantly increased, the activity of DRGn was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the DRGn culture supernatant were significantly increased (all P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Gen can alleviate LPS-induced DRGn inflammatory injury in rats, which might be related to down-regulating the expression of HDAC6 and further inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Ganglia, Spinal , Genistein/pharmacology , Histone Deacetylase 6/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides , Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective@#To study the relationship between sleep disorders, pain and C-reactive protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.@*Methods@#A total of 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the hospital from March 2014 to March 2016 were selected by convenient sampling. The demographics of each patient were recorded. Each selected patient was assessed for sleep disorder by the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SDQ). Pain assessment was performed for each patient using a simplified McGill pain score. At the time of admission, our department nurses was responsible for blood collection and C-reactive protein (CRP), and >10 mg/L was positive for CRP. The 37 questions of sleep disorders were stratified, and each stratification variable was correlated with pain scores. Each patient demographic variable, sleep disorder questionnaire score, pain score, and CRP adjusted for CRP were used to correct the disordered multi-class Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#All patients had a sleep score of 21.2±10.3 and a pain score of 5.4±3.6. There were 9 items in the sleep disorder that were statistically significantly associated with pain scores, including apnea, sleep hypopnea, difficulty falling asleep, limb convulsions during sleep, limb numbness during sleep, nightmares during sleep, wakefulness during sleep, snoring during sleep Pain was significantly positively correlated (r = 0.22-0.57, P < 0.01). Diabetes, hypertension, sleep disturbance, and pain in the regression analysis were independent factors of CRP (β=0.21-0.33, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Sleep disorders and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis can increase CRP and aggravate the disease. The care process requires special attention to patients with sleep disorders and pain.
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Objective To study the relationship between sleep disorders, pain and C-reactive protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods A total of 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the hospital from March 2014 to March 2016 were selected by convenient sampling. The demographics of each patient were recorded. Each selected patient was assessed for sleep disorder by the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SDQ). Pain assessment was performed for each patient using a simplified McGill pain score. At the time of admission, our department nurses was responsible for blood collection and C-reactive protein (CRP), and >10 mg/L was positive for CRP. The 37 questions of sleep disorders were stratified, and each stratification variable was correlated with pain scores. Each patient demographic variable, sleep disorder questionnaire score, pain score, and CRP adjusted for CRP were used to correct the disordered multi-class Logistic regression analysis. Results All patients had a sleep score of 21.2 ± 10.3 and a pain score of 5.4 ± 3.6. There were 9 items in the sleep disorder that were statistically significantly associated with pain scores, including apnea, sleep hypopnea, difficulty falling asleep, limb convulsions during sleep, limb numbness during sleep, nightmares during sleep, wakefulness during sleep, snoring during sleep Pain was significantly positively correlated (r=0.22-0.57, P<0.01). Diabetes, hypertension, sleep disturbance, and pain in the regression analysis were independent factors of CRP (β=0.21-0.33, P<0.05). Conclusions Sleep disorders and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis can increase CRP and aggravate the disease. The care process requires special attention to patients with sleep disorders and pain.
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Objective To investigate the nursing points of endoscopic full-covered self-expanding removable metal stents (FCSERMS) implantation for bile duct anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of patients who were treated by endoscopic full-covered self-expanding removable metal stents implantation for bile duct anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation from January 2013 to July 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, and the nursing process were summarized. Results The group of 9 patients were successfully placed and removed with FCSERMS. There was no postoperative complication, such as stent migration, acute pancreatitis, biliary bleeding and intestinal leakage. All the bile duct strictures were relieved after FCSERMS removement. Followed up for 10-32 months, there was no symptom and sign of bile duct anastomotic stricture recurrent. Conclusions The key in nursing points of FCSERMS implantation for bile duct anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation are introducing the function of FCSERMS and therapeutic process to improve patient compliance, mastering the endoscopic operations, the placement and removal method of FCSERMS to short operation time, strengthening postoperative nasal bile duct care, paying attention to the observation, detection and treatment of postoperative complications after the metal stent placement and removement, as well as the continuing care during the period between placement and removment of FCSERMS.
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Objective To investigate the value and nursing of persistent balloon dilatation for anastomotic stricture after choledochojejunostomy. Methods The clinical data of 14 cases of anastomotic strictures after choledochojejunostomy accepted the treatment of persistent balloon dilatation were analyzed retrospectively. The effect, adverse reactions and approriate nursing were evaluated. Results Five patients were performed with persistent balloon dilatation thorough the output loop of intestine after choledochojejunostomy and 9 patients through percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. There was no hemobilia, bile leak or other serious complications. There were 2 cases of balloon dilatation catheter damage, 5 cases of pressure pump damage and 4 cases of balloon migration with 25.0% (7/28) instrument damage rate and 4 cases of balloon migration. After persistent balloon dilation for 6 to 8 months, no anastomotic stricture was found by choledochoscopic examination. Follow up for 6 to 18 months, 2 cases had recurrent anastomotic stricture. Conclusions Persistent balloon dilatation by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is a simple, safe and effective method for anastomotic stricture after choledochojejunostomy. In the course of nursing, the balloon catheter and pressure pump damage, and balloon migration should be noted.