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Objective To determine the best extraction process of ginkgo leaves with the total transfer rate of total flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones as the index.Methods The effects of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio and extraction time on extraction process were investigated by orthogonal design method, and the contents of total flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones were detected by HPLC to calculate transfer rate.Results The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:85% ethanol refluxing and extracting for three times;the first time extracting with five-fold amount of solvent (V/W) for 3 hours;the last two times with three-fold solvent (V/W) for 2 hours.Conclusion This extraction process has the advantages of simplicity of operator, reason, energy conservation, high efficiency, and is suitable for industrial production.
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Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of low-intensity warfarin anticoagulation in over 80-year-old patients with nonvascular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods The 180 NVAF patients aged over 80 years were randomly assigned into 2 groups: 90 patients in lowintensity warfarin anticoagulation group (target value of INR 1.6-2.0), the other 90 patients in standard-intensity warfarin anticoagulation group (target value of INR 2. 0-3.0). All patients were followed up in outpatient-department for one year. Main outcome measures included the incidence rates of bleeding and thromboembolic events, and secondary outcome measures included the warfarin dosage and times of INR＞3.0. Results The incidence rate of thromboembolic events was 4.4% (4/90) in low-intensity group and 3.3% (3/90) in standard-intensity group with no statistically significant difference between these two groups (P＞0. 05). However, the incidence rate of hemorrhage was significantly lower in low-intensity group than in standard-intensity group [5.6% (5/90) vs. 16.7%(15/90), P＜0. 05]. Meanwhile the warfarin dosage was significantly lower in low-intensity group than in standard-intensity group [(1. 55±0. 63) mg vs. (2.31±0.57) mg, P＜0.05]. The times of INR＞3.0 were less in low-intensity group than in standard-intensity group (P＜0. 05). Conclusions Therapy with low-intensity warfarin anticoagulation in NVAF patients aged over 80 years may be equally effective as, but safer than that with standard-intensity warfarin.
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Objective To investigate the characteristic of diagnosis and treatment of traumatic diaphragm rupture.Methods The characteristic of diagnosis and treatment of 32 cases with traumatic diaphragm rupture was analyzed retrospectively.14 cases were injured by sharp instrument and the other cases with blunt injury mainly caused by traffic accidents.Results Of 32 cases,19 had diaphragmatic ruptures preoperatively,13 diaphragmatic rupture was found during the operation.28 cases cured and 4 cases died.Conclusions The mechanism of traumatic diaphragm rupture and patients' symptoms and sign are severe and complicate with a high shock and mortality.Correct diagnosis and management of traumatic diaphragm rupture are very important.The treatment principle is thoracic injures first and laparotomy second.
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AIM: To develop a method to determine the content of Tanshinone Ⅱ A and Schizandrol A in Anshenbuxin Pill(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii,etc.). METHODS: HPLC was used to determine the content of Tanshinone Ⅱ A and Schizandrol A in Anshenbuxin Pill. The separation was performed on C 18 column with methanol water (80∶20) for Tanshinone Ⅱ A and methanol water(50∶50) for Schizandrol A, respectively. The detection wavelength was at 270nm for Tanshinone Ⅱ A and 250nm for Schizandrol A, respectively. RESULTS: The average recovery of Tanshinone Ⅱ A was 98.54%( RSD =1.75%, n =6) and the average recovery of Schizandrol A was 99.05%( RSD =1.77%, n =6). CONCLUSION: This method is simple, accurate with good reproducibility and can be used to control the quality of Anshenbuxin Pill.
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Objective To discuss the changes of the S100B protein concentration in serum and cerebral spinal fluid(CSF) after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) in rabbit model and their significance.Methods Rabbit SAH model was induced by the cisterna magna puncture and injection two times of autogeneic blood into the cisterna magna.The animals were divided randomly into SAH group,saline group,puncture group and blank group.The serum and CSF were taken in blank group after 3 days' breeding.At 1 h,3 d,5 d,7 d and 10 d after the first infusion,the serum and CSF of the other groups were taken.ELISA method was used to detect S100B protein concentration in serum and CSF.The result data was analyzed by software SPSS13.0.Results S100B protein concentration in serum and CSF of SAH group was much higher than that in the other three groups(P=0).S100B protein concentration in serum ascended from 1 h after SAH,reached the peak at 3～5 d after SAH,and then descended slowly.S100B protein concentration in CSF ascended from 1 h after SAH,then slightly descended,ascended and reached the peak at 5～7 d after SAH,and then descended slowly.S100B protein concentration in serum and CSF of saline group was higher than that in puncture group and blank group from 1 h after model establishment(P