ABSTRACT
Objective:Infodemic is defined by WHO during the prevention and control of COVID-19. The emergence of Infodemic prompts the necessity and urgency of the construction of network epidemiology.Methods:There are two battlefields at the same time during the COVID-19 epidemic: people face-to-face struggle with viruses in physical space and people’s attention and information dissemination in cyberspace. The Infodemic is mainly because that cyberspace expands the scope and speed of information dissemination, but it is difficult or unable to control the content of information dissemination.Results:The users in cyberspace are mappings of real individuals in physical space, and the Infodemic in cyberspace will inevitably affect or harm real individuals in physical space. As the Internet plays an increasingly important role in people′s life and work, carrying out systematic study of the impact of cyberspace events on public’s physical and mental health will provide a scientific basis for regulating the behaviors of online users, formulating rules for the publication and dissemination of online information, as well as improving public health management and social governance.Conclusions:Following definition of Infodemic by WHO, this paper discusses the potential framework of network epidemiology.
ABSTRACT
Objective @#To understand the current situation and characteristics of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs abuse or dependence among hospital patients and to provide reference for strengthening the management of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs.@*Methods @#We collected clinical data from hospitals in Shandong and Guizhou provinces in 2016 and selected patients with history of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs. We investigated them through telephone or face-to-face interview,then described the characteristics of demographic information and abuse or dependence of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs in diagnosed drug abusers.@*Results @#A total of 280 patients with drug abuse or dependence were recruited,of which 223 cases from nine hospitals in Shandong and 57 cases from five hospitals in Guizhou. There were 170 male patients,accounting for 60.71%; 193 patients aged 45 years and above,accounting for 68.93%; 223 married patients,accounting for 80.51%; 166 patients with a education level of junior high school and below,accounting for 61.25%; 125 patients engaged in agriculture,accounting for 48.64%. Benzodiazepine was the main drugs abused or dependenced by hospital patients,accounting for 73.57%（206 cases）. There were also 83 cases of polydrug abuse,accounting for 29.64%. Among the patients with drug abuse or dependence,45.71% had no special feelings,41.07% had symptoms or felt uncomfortable after withdrawal; 64.64% was for improving their sleep quality. @*Conclusion @#Most patients with abuse or dependence of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs are middle- or senior-aged and have polydrug abuse. Benzodiazepine are the main abused drugs. The common reason for narcotic and psychotropic drug abuse or dependence is to have a good sleep.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To observe the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on calcium, sodium and potassium ion channel currents of the ischemic atrial myocytes in guinea pig by whole-cell patch clamp technique.METHODS:The guinea pig atrial myocytes were obtained by enzymolysis.Under ischemia and hypoxia condition, whole-cell patch clamp was used to observe the effects of G-CSF at various concentrations on the changes of the I-V curve, activation curve and availability of L-type calcium channel current (ICa,L) and voltage-dependent sodium channel current (INa), as well as I-V curve of delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IK).RESULTS:Under ischemic condition, the I-V curves of ICa,L were changed by acute G-CSF intervention in a dose-dependent fashion.Except for G-CSF at dose of 300 μg/kg, the other concentrations of G-CSF did not change the activation curve and availability of ICa,L, indicating that the effects of G-CSF on ICa,L were in a voltage-independent fashion.The I-V curves of ICa,L under ischemic condition were gradually approaching the normal levels by the higher dose of G-CSF, while the effect of 300 μg/kg G-CSF on ICa,L was similar to 100 μg/kg G-CSF.Acute G-CSF intervention at different doses did not change I-V curve, activation curve, and availability or steady-state availability of INa.As a part of IK, the rapid activating component (IKr) was improved by 100 μg/kg and 300 μg/kg G-CSF intervention with the similar effects, while the slowly activating component (IKs) was not changed by G-CSF.CONCLUSION:G-CSF affects ion channel electrophysiological properties of ischemic atrial myocytes in a voltage-independent but concentration-dependent manner, thus reducing the incidence of atrial arrhythmia.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Screening on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has been limited to the serious TB subpopulations excluding the new TB patients. This study aimed to examine MDR-TB burden among the new TB patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a study in Zhejiang Province during 2009-2013 to screen for MDR-TB patients among the low MDR-TB risk patients and five subpopulations of high MDR-TB risk patients. The number, prevalence, and trend of MDR-TB were compared while the logistic regression model was used to examine risk factors related to MDR-TB.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 200 and 791 MDR-TB cases were, respectively, identified from the 9830 new TB cases and 2372 high-risk suspects who took MDR-TB screening from 2009 to 2013. The MDR-TB rates went down in both of the new TB patients and five MDR-TB high-risk groups over the study time, but the percentage of MDR-TB patients identified from the new TB patients in all diagnosed MDR-TB cases kept stable from 28.3% in 2011 to 27.0% in 2012 to 26.0% in 2013.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The study indicated that MDR-TB burden among new TB patients was high, thus screening for MDR-TB among the new TB patients should be recommended in China as well as in the similar situation worldwide.</p>
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the effect of the fracture healing by using selective sensory radicotomy before and after the ganglion.Methods From September,2014 to August,2015,120 rats were averagely divided into 3 groups,which was the sham operate group(SO),the anterior injury of ganglion rhizotomy group (AGR) and the posterior injury of ganglion rhizotomy group (PGR).Tibial transverse fracture was performed on right or left randomly and the fracture was fixed with intramedullary.In coordination with the fractured-side,the selective radicotomy from L4 to L6 was made.The mRNA level of collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅱ in bony callus was quantified at 3,7 days and 2 weeks after the operation by RT-PCR(n=5).The histological examination,X-ray,biomechanical testing were performed at 4 and 8 weeks.The quantitative data of iconography and biomechanics was acquired by using the relative ration which resulted from fractured-side data dividing the unfractured-side one for every pair tibia in same rat.Results At 3 days after surgery,the mRNA of collagen-Ⅰ were 81.3±11.1,37.5±8.2 and 24.7±9.2,the mRNA of collagen-Ⅱ were 2.4±0.5,2.1±1.0 and 2.9±1.2 in SO,AGR and PGR group respectively;At 7 days after surgery,the mRNA of collagen-Ⅰ were 17.9±5.8,7.2±1.8 and 6.7±2.4,the mRNA of collagen-Ⅱ were 12.5±3.4,2.8±1.3 and 1.2±0.4 in SO,AGR and PGR group respectively.The SO group had significantly upregulation of collagen-Ⅰ and collagen-Ⅱ mRNA compared with the AGR and PGR groups at 3 days and 7 days respectively after surgery(P＜0.05).There was a significant difference of the collagen-Ⅱ between AGR group (2.8±1.3) and PGR group (1.2±0.4) at 7 days after injury(P＜ 0.05).The fracture bony callus in PGR group was a significantly larger and less ossified than that in the AGR group.The mechanical load of fracture in SO group was larger than that of the other 2 groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Sensory denervation negatively affects fracture-healing.The ganglion of sensory nerve plays an important role in bone fracture healing and normal innervation is essential for the fracture repair.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the risk factors to impact biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1 090 patients who received radical prostatectomy from May 2002 to December 2013 in Department of Urology of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were recruited. The average age of the patients was 67.9 years (ranged from 41 to 84 years) and the average preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 32.7 (ranged from 3.2 to 256.3) µg/L. The distribution of patients with respect to clinical stage was: 20.09% (219/1 090) had T1, 50.09% (546/1 090) had T2 and 29.82% (325/1 090) had T3. The biochemical-free-survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method and the univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate the clinical and pathological variables for the development of biochemical recurrence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all the 1 090 patients, the biochemical recurrence free survival was 95.99%, 81.90% and 70.89% at 1, 3 and 5 years. PSA level at diagnosis (P=0.000), neo-adjuvant hormonal therapy (P=0.001), pre-operative Gleason score (P=0.000), clinical stage (P=0.010), surgical margin status (P=0.028), post-operative Gleason score (P=0.000), pathological stages (P=0.000) and pelvic lymph-node metastasis (P=0.000) were associated with biochemical recurrence in the univariate analysis. However, in the multivariate analysis, only PSA level at diagnosis (P=0.000), pre-operative Gleason score (P=0.020), pathological stages (P=0.014) and pelvic lymph-node metastasis (P=0.017) were independent prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For the patients who received radical prostatectomy, PSA level at diagnosis, pre-operative Gleason score, pathological stages and pelvic lymph-node metastasis status are independent prognostic factors for biochemical recurrence.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Lymphatic Metastasis , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Pelvis , Pathology , Postoperative Period , Proportional Hazards Models , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Blood , Prostatectomy , Prostatic Neoplasms , Pathology , General Surgery , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the nursing points of the vacuum sealing drainage technology in children with refractory soft tissue infection in the limb.Methods A total of 9 children with refractory soft tissue infection in the limb were treated with vacuum sealing drainage technology from December 2010 to October 2012.Results All children who underwent vacuum sealing drainage technology were successful,among which 7 cases underwent continuous vacuum sealing drainage for 7 days and 2 cases replaced VSD material after continuous vacuum sealing drainage for 10 days and all wound with skin graft healed,without any complication.Conclusions Vacuum sealing drainage can remove thoroughly necrotic tissue of the wound and promote wound healing,the key points of nursing are to keep drainage tube unobstructed,adjust appropriate negative pressure and give close observation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on the chronic peripheral nerve compression injury and explore the function of CTGF in peripheral nerve compression injury and repair. Methods From July 2010 to September 2010, fifty aduh male SD rats were randomly divided into group A and B: group A (sham-operated group): only exposed the sciatic nerve; group B (compression group): undergone sciatic nerve entrapment operation on the right hind leg according to the method which Mackinnon adopted when he established the model of chronic sciatic nerve compression.Electron microscopy,immunohistochemistry,RT-PCR and Western-blot were performed to observe the morphological changes of the compressed nerve tissue and to determine the level of CTGF,collagen- Ⅰ,Ⅲ (COL- Ⅰ,Ⅲ),2,4,6,8,10 weeks after the surgery,respectively. Results After sciatic nerve compression,the collagen in nerve increased ; The expression of CTGF and COL- Ⅰ, Ⅲ in sciatic nerve of compressed group increased, which was statistically different compared with the sham-operation group (P ＜ 0.05); In the meanwhile,the contents of CTGF and COL- Ⅰ,Ⅲ were positively correlated in a certain period. Conclusion Peripheral nerve fibrosis can be caused by chronic nerve compression.The expression of COL- Ⅰ,Ⅲ in sciatic nerve increased and CTGF get involved in the pathophysiological process, which suggests that CTGF plays an important role in the process of neural injury and fibrosis.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate expression of TGF-β1,CTGF and collagen deposition in skeletal muscle during chronic entrapment of peripheral nerve. MethodsFifty rats were separated into two groups,control group and experimental group. At different time points after operation, the right gastrocnemius of 5rats from each group were collected for further analysis such as HE, Masson stain, immunohistochemical staining,RT-PCR and Western-blot. Results It was observed that axon degeneration occurred during chronic nerve entrapment,and which was in line with reports from other groups.Moreover,it had been demonstrated that after nerve entrapment,skeletal muscles may form fibrosis and degeneration consequently.Within this pathological procedure,expression of TGF-β1. CTGF and deposition of collagenⅠ changed rapidly when compared with control group.ConclusionOverall,these results indicated that these factors may be important during skeletal muscle degeneration after chronic nerve entrapment.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) antibody on peripheral neural fibrosis after chronic entrapment.MethodsA total of 75 rats were randomly divided into three groups, ie, Group A (sham operation, only the sciatic nerve exposed), Group B (compression only, treated with sciatic nerve entrapment) and Group C (compression plus antibody injection).Electron microscopy, immunohistoehemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to observe the morphological changes of the compressed nerve tissue and to determine the level of TGF-β1 , collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks after sciatic nerve compression, respectively.Results The levels of TGF-β1 , types Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen protein were increased significantly in the Group B compared with that in the Group A, when the expression of TGF-β1 was increased in the early phase of the compression, reached the peak at the 4th week, and then decreased slowly.The expressions of collagenⅠand collagen Ⅲ were increased after compression, reached a peak at the 6th week and then maintained a relatively high level.The number of the fibrous tissues was decreased significantly and the content of types Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen protein declined in the Group C, with statistical difference compared with the Group B (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsPeripheral nerve fibrosis can be caused by chronic nerve compression.TGF-β1 plays an important role in effectively inhibiting the collagen synthesis and ameliorating the nervous fibrosis of the protein following peripheral nervous entrapment.