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Global plastics production has been increasing year by year. Due to the large quantity of plastics and the difficulty of their degradation, plastics are continuously accumulated in the environment. Therefore, plastic waste has become one of the most serious threats to the global environment. Microplastics can be absorbed into organisms through the mouth, respiratory tract and skin, causing organ(intestine, liver) toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity. Moreover, microplastics can also take up other pollutants distributed in the surrounding environment, such as heavy metals and organic pollutants, jointly exerting combined toxic effects. The extracts of microplastics, including microplastics unstable polymers and additives, also have toxic effects. The molecular mechanisms involved in the toxic effects induced by microplastics include oxidative stress, inflammation, disturbance of intestinal flora, disturbance of gene expression, and others.
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@#Objective: To investigate the expression of Artemin in chondrosarcoma and its effect on proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and to explore the mechanism. Methods: A total of 40 chondrosarcoma tissue samples (low degree (Ⅰ), 20 cases; high degree (Ⅱ,Ⅲ), 20 cases) surgically resected from patients, who were treated in Lianyungang HospitalAffiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from May, 2015 to April, 2019, were collected for this study. Another 20 cases of normal cartilage tissue specimen from patients with amputations due to car accidents were served as control. The expressions of Artemin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ki-67 and CD31+ vascular density in tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.After being treated with 10 ng/ml Artemin, the changes of VEGF, stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), matric metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in the supernatant of SW1353 cell culture were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the effects of Artemin-treated chondrosarcoma cells on the migration and proliferation of ECV304 cells were detected by Transwell migration assay and MTT cell proliferation assay, respectively. Results: The expressions of Artemin and Ki-67 in the tissues of low-level group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.01); the expressions ofArtemin and Ki-67 in the tissues of high-level group were significantly higher than those in the low-level group (all P<0.01). The expression of Artemin was positively correlated with VEGF level and vascular density in chondrosarcoma tissues (all P<0.01);Artemin promoted the secretion of VEGF by chondrosarcoma cells, but had no significant effect on the secretion of SDF-1, MMP2 and MMP9. Artemin induced the proliferation and migration of ECV304 cells by promoting the secretion of VEGF by chondrosarcoma cells (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Artemin is highly expressed in chondrosarcoma tissues and has a positive correlation with the expression of VEGF and vascular density. Artemin can enhance the angiogenesis induced by chondrosarcoma.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and the influencing factors of the unintentional injuries among Wenzhou elementary school children. Methods A total of 3 050 students were selected from the 1st to 6th grades in 6 primary schools in Wenzhou urban area by multi - stage sampling and were investigated during 2013 to 2015. Results 2 859 students completed the investigation. The morbidity of annual average unintentional injuries was 30. 81%(95% CI:29. 12% - 32. 50% )and the occurrence density was 2. 79. Unintentional injuries occurred mainly at home (37. 69% )and school(32. 39% ),and the most common site of injuries were leg(35. 02% )and hand(33. 79% ). For overall incidence,the slip falling injury(35. 64% )was highest,followed by cut or pierced(33. 40% )and crush injury (25. 08% ). Schoolgirl was a protective factor of the injury of crushed,electrical,traffic accident,bashed,burn , exploded,drown,poisoning and bit(OR ﹤ 1),but was a risk factor of multiple injuries(OR = 1. 323). Age was a risk factor of injury of fallen,crushed,bashed,burn,cut or pierced,exploded and bit(OR ﹥ 1. 1),but was a protective factor of poisoning(OR = 0. 671). compared with the students who walked to school alone,the children who were accompanied by their family member and rode alone to school were protective factors of the traffic accident. Conclusion The incidences of the unintentional injuries of elementary school children were increased with the age,and the boy was easier to be hurt. It was suggested for parents,schools and the government to strengthen healthy education for children at the early age.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1 (PID1, NYGGF4) on promotion of IR and HCC, and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Lentivirus were used to mediate the knockdown of PID1 in HFD induced IR mouse model as well as ob/ob mice. Intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance were performed 4 weeks after lentivirus injection. Hydrodynamics-based transfection was applied to inducethe liver specific overexpression of PID1. Flow cytometry was exerted to detect the proportion and function of immune cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of downstream pathways of PID1.Immunoprecipitation was used to determine the receptor of PID1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was operated to measure the modification of H3K4me3 of PID1 promoter. RESULTS PID1 restriction improved insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and fatty liver. Conversely, hepatic knockdown of PID1 attenuated liver xenografted tumor growth. Moreover, PID1 liver- specific protooncogenes via hydrodynamics- based transfection established a primary hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model, induced an immunosuppressive environment, with the reduction of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +T cells, retarded maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), pronounced differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and recruitment of MDSC. In addition, PID1 overexpression activated proliferation related genes, promoted anti- inflammatory genes, suppressed pro-inflammatory genes, induced glycolysis and lipid metabolism genes to facilitate tumorigenesis in liver. Importantly, PID1 exerted its tumor-promoting function through binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and activation of downstream MAPK pathway. As such, PID1 exist trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) modification and IR up-regulated the expression of PID1 by activation the H3K4me3 modification. CONCLUSION PID1 is a new gene that exerts both liver cancer-promoting and insulin resistance inducing function. IR accelerates liver cancer development and progression partially dependent on the activation of PID1.
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Objeetive To investigate the detection of hemodynamiCS parameters of conjunctival microvessels by functional slit lamp biomicroscopy (FSLB) in normal adult and its clinical application values.Methods Randomly selected 16 postgraduate students aged 21 to 25 years from the Nanchang University and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,including 8 males and 8 females.The density,length and diameter of conjunctival microvessel and the flow velocity of arteriolar and venular blood were measured by FSLB and software program (BenoitTM,TruSoft Inc,St.Petersburg,FL,USA),as well as the indicators' characteristics of the subjects' were analyzed.Results As for subjects' right eyes,the microvascular density,length,diameter,and the arteriolar and venular blood flow velocity were no significant difference between the upper,and lower sides,as well as between nasal and temporal sides (all P ＞ 0.05);meanwhile the microvascular density,length and diameter of the upper and lower sides were both lower than those of the nasal and temporal sides,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05),while the arteriolar and venular blood flow velocity of the upper and lower sides were both significantly higher than those of the nasal and temporal sides,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the changes in hemodynamics parameters of conjunctival microvessels of the left eyes and total eyes in subjects were consistent with the right eyes.Conclusion FSLB can clearly obtain hemodynamics parameters of conjunctival microvessels in healthy grown-ups,and has a promising clinical value.
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Objeetive To investigate the detection of hemodynamiCS parameters of conjunctival microvessels by functional slit lamp biomicroscopy (FSLB) in normal adult and its clinical application values.Methods Randomly selected 16 postgraduate students aged 21 to 25 years from the Nanchang University and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,including 8 males and 8 females.The density,length and diameter of conjunctival microvessel and the flow velocity of arteriolar and venular blood were measured by FSLB and software program (BenoitTM,TruSoft Inc,St.Petersburg,FL,USA),as well as the indicators' characteristics of the subjects' were analyzed.Results As for subjects' right eyes,the microvascular density,length,diameter,and the arteriolar and venular blood flow velocity were no significant difference between the upper,and lower sides,as well as between nasal and temporal sides (all P ＞ 0.05);meanwhile the microvascular density,length and diameter of the upper and lower sides were both lower than those of the nasal and temporal sides,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05),while the arteriolar and venular blood flow velocity of the upper and lower sides were both significantly higher than those of the nasal and temporal sides,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the changes in hemodynamics parameters of conjunctival microvessels of the left eyes and total eyes in subjects were consistent with the right eyes.Conclusion FSLB can clearly obtain hemodynamics parameters of conjunctival microvessels in healthy grown-ups,and has a promising clinical value.
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Purpose To study the expression and significance of Gal-3 and BCL-2 in ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods 64 cases of patients diagnosed as UC in the Department of Digestive Dseases were selected as the observation group in our hospital from August 2014 to December 2015.And 50 healthy volunteers were selected as control group.The expression levels of BCL-2 and Gal-3 in the two groups were detected,and the correlation between and UC and between BCL-2 and Gal-3 was studied.Results The positive rate of Gal-3 in the control group was 100％,higher than 37.5％ in the observation group(x2 =48.142,P ＜0.001).The positive rate of BCL-2 in the control group was 20％,which was lower than that in the observation group of 90.62％ (x2 =58.171,P ＜ 0.001).The Gal-3 positive rate of UC Grade Ⅰ was higher than UC Grade Ⅱ (x2 =5.539,P =0.019),The Gal-3 positive rate of UC Grade Ⅰ was higher than UC Grade Ⅲ (x2 =4.532,P =0.033),The Gal-3 positive rate of UC Grade Ⅲ was lower than UC Grade Ⅱ (x2 =0.183,P=0.669).The BCLo2 positive rate of UC Grade Ⅰ was lower than UC Grade Ⅱ (x2 =5.539,P=0.019).The BCL-2 positive rate of UC Grade Ⅰ was lower than UC Grade Ⅲ (x2 =6.098,P=0.014).The BCL-2 positive rate of UC Grade Ⅲ was higher than UC Grade Ⅱ (x2 =0.511,P =0.475).BCL-2 and Gal-3 expression was not related to gender,age and disease duration (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of BCL-2 and Gal-3 was not correlated.Conclusion The expression level of BCL-2 in UC is higher than that in normal colorectal mucosa.The expression level of Gal-3 is lower than that of normal colorectal mucosa.The expression of UC has no effect on sex,age and course of disease,and it could be used as the prediction standard of UC.
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Objective To analyze pharmacologic action features of single Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fatty liver based on literature; To provide references for clinical treatment of fatty liver.Methods Animal research literature about single Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fatty liver in CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP from January 2003 to December 2014 was retrieved by computers. The number of single Chinese herbal medicine and the pharmacologic action features of active ingredients (or extracts) were statistically concluded. Results A total of 279 articles were retrieved, including 67 kinds of single Chinese herbal medicine, among which 8 were used to treat AFLD, 45 were used to treat NAFLD, and 14 were used to treat AFLD and NAFLD simultaneously. Pharmacologic action features of the medicine for AFLD mainly included reducing lipid, protecting liver, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation. Pharmacologic action features of the medicine for NAFLD had the effects of improving insulin resistance additionally.Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of AFLD and NAFLD shows significant efficacy, having the features of multiple pathways and liver damage resistance, which provide references for clinical treatment of fatty liver.
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In order to reveal the cause of disease occurred in the process of Coptis chinensis growth, this paper studied the bacterial species diversity index of different aged rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil planting normal or sick C. chinensis by using PCR-DGGE technique. The representative DGGE bands were chosen to be cloned, and sequenced, the phylogeny were constructed. The results showed that the bacterial communities were very different between the normal and diseased soil samples of C. chinensis, and the diversity index (H) of diseased soil samples were higher than that of normal soil samples. Sequencing analysis of representative cloned DGGE bands showed that the unculturable bacteria were the dominant groups, and bacteria belonged to genus Bacillus, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, uncultured Kluyvera, and uncultured Comamonas were also existing, but the reported plant pathogenic bacteria were not found in the C. chinensis planting soil. The density and brightness of clone band d in diseased soil samples was higher than that in normal soil sample, and sequencing analysis showed that it belonged to genus Acidovorax. Obviously, during the process of C. chinensis growth, the rhizospheric bacteria population changed, and the quantity of bacteria belong Acidovorax increased, which probably resulted in the disease occurred during C. chinensis growth.
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Bacteria , Classification , Genetics , Biodiversity , Coptis , Microbiology , Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rhizosphere , Soil MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Objective To determine the influence factors for limb salvage of bone fracture patients with hyperpotassemia caused by Wenchuan earthquake,to discuss the clinical symptom and to improve the clinical treatment. Methods The clinical symptom, drug therapy, limb incision decompression, hemodialysis, and limb salvage of hyperpotassemia caused by earthquake were analyzed by logistic regression. Results All the 37 patients received drug therapy: 9 patients received incision and decompression singlely,8 received hemodialysis singlely,and the other 20 received decompression and hemodialysis simultaneously. The concentration of potassium decreased from (6.25 ± 0.91) mmol/L to (4.47±0.65) mmol/L,with significant difference (P＜0.05).Five patients with Gustilo III grade open injury received amputation at the concentration of potassium of (6.13±(0.78)) mmol/L, while the concentration of potassium for the other 32 patients was (6.25±0.31) (mmol/L). There was no significant difference between them(P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis found the time of compression, the time before incision and decompression, and the time before hemodialysis were the main factors to affect limb salvage. The OR value of these factors was 4.394, 3.793 and 5.432;while the P value was 0.013, 0.047, and 0.015, respectively. Conclusion Decreasing the time of compression, appropriate incision and decompression, and hemodialysis help improve the result of limb salvage in hyperpotassemia patients with bone fracture caused by earthquake.