ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the associated factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of myopia.@*Methods@#By stratified cluster sampling, 3 073 students of 14 schools including primary,junior,regular and vocational senior schools from two districts in Shenzhen were selected and investigated.@*Results@#For primary school students, the time of using computer for 2-<3 hours per day (OR=2.23，95%CI=1.19-4.20) , and no physical education class(2 sections per week OR=0.34, 95%CI=0.13-0.91; 4 sections per week OR=0.23, 95%CI=0.08-0.62; 5 sections or more per week OR=0.33, 95%CI=0.11-0.97) were positively associated with myopia. Teachers finishing class on time at break (occasionally delaying OR=1.99, 95%CI=1.51-2.63; frequently delaying OR=2.07, 95%CI=1.29-3.30), taking 0.5-1 hour break when using eyes at close range (1-<2 hours OR=1.33，95%CI=1.03-1.70; ≥3 hours OR=1.87, 95%CI=1.17-3.00), no parents with myopia(one parent with myopia OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.32-2.17; two parents with myopia OR=2.13, 95%CI=1.50-3.02) were negatively associated with myopia. For junior high school students, without parents with myopia (one parent with myopia OR=3.27, 95%CI=2.17-4.94; two parents with myopia OR=5.38, 95%CI=2.78-10.42) was the protective factor of myopia. For senior high school students, male (female OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.07-2.14), doing eye exercises twice a day in school (OR=0.41, 95%CI=0.23-0.75), and accumulating outdoor activities for ≥2 hours a day (OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.49-1.00) were negatively associated with myopia.@*Conclusion@#There are different risk factors for myopia among different students in Shenzhen. Students with high risk factors are the key objects of prevention and control.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates cholangiocyte proliferation via the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were randomized into three groups: LPS group (injected intravenously with LPS 2.5 mg/kg), anti-IL-6 group (injected intravenously with anti-IL-6 0.5 mg/kg 1hr after LPS injection), and control group. At 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after LPS injection, LPS concentration in plasma was detected by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test. IL-6 concentrations in liver homogenate was determinded by ELISA, cholangiocyte proliferation was checked by immunohistochemistry, expression of IL-6 mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR, the level of phophorylated-STAT3 (P-STAT3) protein was analyzed by western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cholangiocytes responded to LPS by a marked increase in cell proliferation, IL-6 secretion and P-STAT3 expression. Anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody inhibited LPS-induced cholangiocytes proliferation, and decreased levels of IL-6 and p-STAT3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LPS promotes cholangiocyte proliferation through the IL-6/STAT3 pathway.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic , Cell Biology , Cell Proliferation , Epithelial Cells , Cell Biology , Physiology , Immunohistochemistry , Interleukin-6 , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides , Blood , Pharmacology , Liver , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , STAT3 Transcription Factor , Metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of IL-6/STAT3 pathway in the proliferation of cholangiocyte induced by cold ischemia and reperfusion injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were randomized into CP 1 h and CP 12 h groups (supplied livers were preserved for 1 or 12 h), anti-IL-6R (rats in CP 12 h group were administrated with anti-rat soluble IL-6 receptor antibody), and control group. At 1, 3, 7, 14 d postoperative, IL-6 concentration in liver homogenate and cholangiocyte proliferation were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and histochemistry respectively. Expressions of IL-6 mRNA, phosphorylated-STAT3 and cyclin D1 protein in cholangiocytes were determined by real-time PCR or Western blot analysis. Serum concentrations of ALP and GGT and histology analysis were also performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Minimal expressions of IL-6, p-STAT3 and cyclin D1 were detected in CP 1 h group, with a slight cholangiocytes proliferation. Cholangiocytes responded to extended cold preservation with severe bile duct injures and marked increase in IL-6 secretion, p-STAT3 and cyclin D1 protein expression, followed by compensatory cholangiocytes regeneration. Parallel to this observation, biochemical index and morphology indicated that bile duct injury was recovery at 14 d postoperative. However, anti-sIL-6R inhibited cholangiocytes proliferation and reduced the expressions of IL-6, STAT3 and cyclin D, with the cellular injury and increase of serum ALP or GGT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IL-6/STAT3 pathway might participate to initiate cholangiocytes regeneration after cold ischemia and preservation injury, which might benefit biliary recovery after liver transplantation.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic , Pathology , Cell Proliferation , Cold Ischemia , Disease Models, Animal , Epithelial Cells , Pathology , Interleukin-6 , Metabolism , Liver , Metabolism , Pathology , Liver Transplantation , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury , Metabolism , Pathology , STAT3 Transcription Factor , MetabolismABSTRACT
A total of 1 100 patients underwent renal transplantation in the Organ Transplantation Center,Second Affiliated Department of General Hospital of Chinese PLA between 1988 and 2008 were collected,and retrospective analysis was performed in five female patients with malignant tumor,which appeared at 68 months (20-132 months) following renal transplantation,including 2 with renipelvic and uretal cancer and 3 with bladder cancer. Two of the 3 patients with bladder cancer presented homolateral renipelvic and uretal metastasis. Three cases and 1 case of upper uretal cacer were observed at the homolateral or heterolateral of kidney grafts respectively. The main characteristic of sign was iterative and painless gross hematuria. The 5 patients underwent renal transplantation with intravesical instillation therapy and nephrectomy. All patients were survived without rejection in the 1-62 months follow-up. The incidence of malignancy in renal allograft recipients is much higher than that in normal ones,which is related to the long term use of immunosuppressants. Urinary epithelial cancer is the main complicating carcinoma and the first choice of treatment is surgical operation. Based on the normal renal grafts function,the dose of immunosuppressants should be as low as possible,Moreover,radiotherapy or chemiotherapy should be adopted according to the types and stages of tumor complicating renal transplantation.