Therapeutic effect evaluation of leonurine,polygonatum polysaccharide and deoxynojirimycin in combination on antithrombosis and hypoglycaemia / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of leonurine(SCM),polygonatum polysaccharide(PSP)and deoxynojirimycin(DNJ)in hypoglycemic and antithrombotic aspects by establishing and using zebrafish type II diabetes combined with thrombosis model. Methods On the basis of the zebrafish type II diabetes model established by streptozotocin,phenylhydrazine(PH),arachidonic acid(AA)and ponatinib(PT)were used respectively to establish thrombosis models,which were divided into control group,model group,metformin+aspirin group,and the high,medium and low concentration groups of the combination drugs. After drug intervention in the experimental group,the thrombosis of tail vein was observed. Kit was used to determine the sugar content of juvenile fish tissues in each group. Quantitative analysis of cardiac erythrocytes by o-dianisidine staining method was used to calculate the inhibition rate of thrombus. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the mRNA expressions of related genes in zebrafish. Results Compared with the model group,the combined drug could significantly increase the staining intensity of erythrocytes in zebrafish hearts,inhibit thrombosis,down-regulate the expression of thrombosis-related genes,and reduce tissue glucose content. Conclusions The combined use of the three drugs can effectively reduce the tissue sugar content and have antithrombotic effect,which show great potential in the development of drugs for the treatment of type II diabetes and thrombosis.

The benefits of peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution with low-glucose degradation product in residual renal function and dialysis adequacy in PD patients: A meta-analysis / Beneficios de la solución de diálisis peritoneal (DP), con producto de degradación bajo en glucosa, en la función renal residual y la adecuación de la diálisis en pacientes en DP: un metanálisis

Abstract The peritoneal effects of low-glucose degradation product (GDP)-containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions have been extensively described. To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of low GDP solution for PD patients, specifically the effect on residual renal function (RRF) and dialysis adequacy, we conducted a meta-analysis of the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Different databases were searched for RCTs that compared low GDP-PD solutions with conventional PD solutions in the treatment of PD patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). The outcomes of RCTs should include RRF and may include small solute clearance, peritoneal transport status, nutritional status, and all-cause mortality. Seven studies (632 patients) were included. Compared with the conventional solution, low-GDP solution preserved RRF in PD patients over time (MD 0.66 mL/min, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.99; p<0.0001), particularly in one year of treatment (p<0.01), and improved weekly Kt/V (MD 0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.17; p=0.0007) without an increased 4-hour D/Pcr (MD 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.02; p=1.00). Notably, the MD of RRF and urine volume between the two groups tended to decrease as time on PD progressed up to 24 months. Patients using low GDP PD solutions did not have an increased risk of all-cause mortality (MD 0.97, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.88; p=0.93). Our meta-analysis confirms that the low GDP PD solution preserves RRF, improves the dialysis adequacy without increasing the peritoneal solute transport rate and all-cause mortality. Further trials are needed to determine whether this beneficial effect can affect long-term clinical outcomes.

Resumen Los efectos peritoneales de las soluciones de diálisis peritoneal (DP) que contienen productos de degradación bajos en glucosa (PIB) se han descrito ampliamente. Para evaluar sistemáticamente la eficacia y la seguridad de la solución de PIB bajo para pacientes en DP, específicamente el efecto sobre la función renal residual (RRF) y la adecuación de la diálisis, realizamos un metanálisis de los ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) publicados. Se realizaron búsquedas en diferentes bases de datos de ECA que compararan la solución de DP de bajo PIB con la solución de DP convencional en el tratamiento de pacientes con EP con CAPD y APD. Los resultados de los ECA deben incluir la RRF y pueden incluir la depuración de solutos pequeños, el estado nutricional, el estado del transporte peritoneal y la mortalidad por todas las causas. Se incluyeron siete estudios (632 pacientes). En comparación con la solución convencional, la solución de bajo PIB preservó la FRR en pacientes con EP a lo largo del tiempo (DM 0,66 mL/min, IC del 95%: 0,34 a 0,99; p<0,0001), particularmente en un año de tratamiento (p<0,01), y mejoró el Kt/V semanal (DM 0,11, IC del 95%: 0,05 a 0,17; p = 0,0007), sin un aumento de D/Pcr a las 4 horas (DM 0,00, IC del 95%: -0,02 a 0,02; p = 1,00). Los pacientes que usaron una solución para DP con bajo contenido de GDP no tuvieron un mayor riesgo de mortalidad por todas las causas (DM 0,97; IC del 95%: 0,50 a 1,88; p = 0,93). Nuestro metanálisis confirma que la solución de DP de bajo PIB preserva la FRR, mejora la adecuación de la diálisis sin aumentar la tasa de transporte peritoneal de solutos y la mortalidad por todas las causas. Se necesitan más ensayos para determinar si este efecto beneficioso puede afectar los resultados clínicos a largo plazo.

A study on the determination of the total flavonol glycosides in health food / 预防医学

Objective To develop a HPLC method for the determination of the total flavonol glycosides in health food by acid hydrolysis. Methods The sample was extracted by methanol and was hydrolyzed into 3 aglycones by acid hydrolysis. They were quercetin, kaempferide and isorhamnetin. Chromatographic separation was carried out by the method of HPLC. The content of total flavonol glycosides was calculated. Results Methanol -25% hydrochloric acid solution (4:1) was added into selected samples, then 85 ℃ water bath heating and refluxing were conducted for 30 min. Optimum chromatographic conditions were as follows. Chromatographic column: ODS C18 (150 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm) . Mobile phase: used methanol-0.6% phosphoric acid (47:53) . Column temperature was set at 35 ℃. Detection wavelength was 360 nm. The linear ranges of quercetin, kaempferide and isorhamnetin were (4.766-95.52) μg/mL(r=0.9991) , (5.052-101.0) μg/mL (r=0.9994) and (2.027-48.66) μg/mL (r=0.9994) respectively. The relative standard deviation of the samples was 0.57%. The recovery rate was 98.25% (RSD=3.82%), 99.81% (RSD=3.31%) and 101.8% (RSD=4. 86%) . The detection limits of quercetin and kaempferide were both 0.50 μg, while Isorhamnetin was 0.80 μg, the total flavonol glycosides was 4.52 μg. The content of total flavonol glycosides detected by this method was lower than the content of the total glavonoids detected by the method provided by technical specification for inspection and evaluation of health food (2003 Edition) . Conclusion This method proved to be simple, stable and had strong repeatability and could be used for the determination of total flavonol glycosides in health food.

Clinical significance of cathepsin B expressions in cervical cancer in tissues / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>[corrected] To investigate cathepsin B (CB) expression in squamous cervical carcinoma and its relationship to the clinical and pathological condition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CB expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 56 cases of human invasive squamous cervical carcinoma (ISCC) tissues, 85 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 38 cases of normal cervical squamous epithelial tissue. The results were analyzed in relation to the grade of differentiation, depth of invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of CB were 87.5% (49/56), 48.3% (41/85) and 48.3% (41/85) in ISCC, CIN and normal tissue, respectively. CB expression in ISCC had significant differences from that ub the CIN and normal tissues (P<0.01). CB positive rates in the tissues with invasion of less than two thirds of the cervix and over two thirds of the cervix were 83.4% (28/34) and 95.5% (21/22) respectively, showing obvious differences between them (P<0.05). CB-positive rates also showed an obvious difference between the tissues with lymphatic metastasis and those without lymphatic metastasis [97.4% (37/38) vs 66.7% (12/18), P<0.05]. CB expression in ISCC was not related to the grade of differentiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High expression of CB is closely associated with tumor infiltration and lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer.</p>

COX-2 and HO-1 are involved in the delayed preconditioning elicited by bradykinin in rat hearts / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are involved in the bradykinin-induced delayed protection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cardiac contractility, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and infarct area were analyzed in isolated rat hearts undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by Langendorff method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Conscious rats received bradykinin (40 microg/kg), and the isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion 24 h later. Bradykinin pretreatment would improve post-ischemic performance, and reduced the release of LDH and infarct size. COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (3 mg/kg) abolished bradykinin-induced protection, leading to poorer myocardial performance, release of more LDH and larger infarct sizes. Administration of HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP IX(20 microg/kg) before bradykinin partially abrogated the delayed protection. Pretreatment with the mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel(mitoK(ATP) antagonist 5-HD before or 24 h after bradykinin administration also abolished the effect of protection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results indicate that activation of HO-1 and COX-2 might be involved in the delayed cardioprotection evoked by bradykinin, and mitoK(ATP) channel may serve as both a trigger and a mediator in the cardioprotection.</p>

Application of liquid-based cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus DNA detection in cervical lesion screening / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the application of liquid-based cytology test (LCT) and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test in cervical lesion screening.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was conducted in 4264 patients with LCT, among whom 621 patients had colposcopic biopsy and HR-HPV test for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS and over).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 621 patients, 388 were identified to have ASCUS, 147 had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 75 had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and 11 had squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Comparison of the diagnostic results of LCT and histopathology diagnosis suggested a rate of agreement of 72.41% (147/203) for LSIL, 92.60% (75/81) for HSIL, and 100% (11/11) for SCC. The infection rate of HR-HPV was 43.32%(269/621) in the 621 patients, 100.00% (11/11) in SCC patients, 84.85% (28/33) in CIN III patients, 70.83% (34/48) in CIN II patients, 84.073 (172/203) in CIN I patients, 7.32% (24/326) in patients with normal cervix/cervicitis, indicating increased rate of HR- HPV infection with aggravation of cervical lesion. The sensitivity and specificity of LCT test were 81.04% and 91.64% respectively, and those of HR-HPV were 90.47% and 93.14 respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of LCT and HR-HPV DNA test increases the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis in cervical dysplasia, and may help in better prophylaxis and treatment of cervical carcinoma.</p>

Study of the effect of crocin on rat experimental hyperlipemia and the underlying mechanisms / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of crocin on rat experimental hyperlipemia and its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Hyperlipemia model was established by feeding heavy cholesterol for 2 months and the effect of crocin on blood lipid in experimental hyperlipemia rats was observed. Aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured in different culture media and proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Western blotting was used to detect the effect of crocin on phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Crocin not only decreased greatly the content of cholesterol, triglyceride and density lipoprotein in blood, but also increased the content of high density lipoprotein. In addition, the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the activation of p38MAPK were inhibited by Crocin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Crocin prevents atherosclerosis in hyperlipemia, which may be mediated by the inhibition of both proliferation of smooth muscle cells and activation of p38MAPK.</p>

Effect of epigallocatechingallate on acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in mice / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effect of epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) on acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in mice and the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Acute lung injury was induced by oleic acid in mice. Light microscopy and electron microscopy were used to examine histological changes and lung index as well as wet to dry weight ratio was calculated. Serum TNF-a level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was determined by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pretreatment of EGCG significantly alleviated oleic acid induced lung injury accompanied by reduction of lung index and wet to dry weight ratio, decreased of TNF-a level in serum and inhibition of phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EGCG showed beneficial effect on acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in mice. The ultimate reduction of TNF-alpha in serum caused by inhibition of phosphorylated p38 MAPK is involved in the mechanism of action of EGCG.</p>